Borrelia garinii: Difference between revisions
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==Pathology== | ==Pathology== | ||
Like many other ''Borrelia'' species, ''Borrelia garinni'' rely on arthropods for transmission. A tick generally carries ''Borrelia garinni'' within it's gut and it then infects host cells through a tick bite. While in the gastro-intestinal section of the tick, ''Borrelia garinii'' and other spirochetes do not replicate because of their attachment to epithelial cells. Once the spirochetes make contact with high heat and mammalian blood, the expression of the outer surface proteins change drastically. ''Borrelia garinii'' is no longer dormant and begins to spread through the wall of the gut and through the entire tick. The spirochetes infect mammalian cells through the salivary glands of the ticks.''Borrelia burgdorferi'', a spirochete very similar to ''Borrelia garinni', binds to human platelets and endothelial cells through beta II b beta 3 and beta v beta 3. Once ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' binds to human platelets and endothelial cells, it is transported to the entire body through the blood system. In areas where blood flow is slow, ''Borrelia'' species' movements are generally stopped. This occurs to establish infection to tissues nearby. | Like many other ''Borrelia'' species, ''Borrelia garinni'' rely on arthropods for transmission. A tick generally carries ''Borrelia garinni'' within it's gut and it then infects host cells through a tick bite. While in the gastro-intestinal section of the tick, ''Borrelia garinii'' and other spirochetes do not replicate because of their attachment to epithelial cells. Once the spirochetes make contact with high heat and mammalian blood, the expression of the outer surface proteins change drastically. ''Borrelia garinii'' is no longer dormant and begins to spread through the wall of the gut and through the entire tick. The spirochetes infect mammalian cells through the salivary glands of the ticks.''Borrelia burgdorferi'', a spirochete very similar to ''Borrelia garinni'', binds to human platelets and endothelial cells through beta II b beta 3 and beta v beta 3. Once ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' binds to human platelets and endothelial cells, it is transported to the entire body through the blood system. In areas where blood flow is slow, ''Borrelia'' species' movements are generally stopped. This occurs to establish infection to tissues nearby. | ||
==Application to Biotechnology== | ==Application to Biotechnology== | ||
Revision as of 05:10, 3 June 2007
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Borrelia garinii
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria; Spirochaetes; Spirochaetes (class); Spirochaetales; Spirochaetaceae; Borrelia; Borrelia burgdorferi group
Genus
Borrelia garinii
Description and significance
Borrelia garinii is a type of spirochete. Spirochetes are normally thin, approximately 0.1-0.5 micrometers by 5.0-20.0 micrometers. The Borrelia garinii are generally characterized to have a spiral shape, to be motile, non-capsulated, and non-sporing. The Borrelia species can be anaerobic or microaerophilic. There are three types of Borrelia that can cause lyme disease. Borrelia burgoderferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. Sequencing the genome is essential to finding better ways to prevent and treat Lyme disease. (Schaechter)
Genome structure
Borrelia species generally contain 930+/- 20 kbp. Borrelia garinii has one linear chromosome and codes for 869 genes. Like other Borrelia, tt also contains one copy each of different types of linear and circular plasmids. The linear plasmids are approximately 10kb-180kb, while the circular plasmids are approximately 8-40kb.(Saier)
Cell structure and metabolism
Like all the other spirochetes causing lyme disease, Borrelia garinii has a protoplasm protected by an inner and outer membrane. It also has flagella which are located between the inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane proteins have many genes that are located on plasmids. This is very beneficial to the organism because it can make changes in those proteins; therefore, preventing foreign molecules in that could possibly be quite harmful. (Schaechter)
Ecology
Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc.
Pathology
Like many other Borrelia species, Borrelia garinni rely on arthropods for transmission. A tick generally carries Borrelia garinni within it's gut and it then infects host cells through a tick bite. While in the gastro-intestinal section of the tick, Borrelia garinii and other spirochetes do not replicate because of their attachment to epithelial cells. Once the spirochetes make contact with high heat and mammalian blood, the expression of the outer surface proteins change drastically. Borrelia garinii is no longer dormant and begins to spread through the wall of the gut and through the entire tick. The spirochetes infect mammalian cells through the salivary glands of the ticks.Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete very similar to Borrelia garinni, binds to human platelets and endothelial cells through beta II b beta 3 and beta v beta 3. Once Borrelia burgdorferi binds to human platelets and endothelial cells, it is transported to the entire body through the blood system. In areas where blood flow is slow, Borrelia species' movements are generally stopped. This occurs to establish infection to tissues nearby.
Application to Biotechnology
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?
Current Research
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
References
1. Ed. Saier, Milton H., and Jorge Garcia-Lara. The Spriochetes: Molecular and Cellular Biology. United Kingdom: Norfolk, 2001
2. Schaechter, Moselia, N. Cary Engleberg, Berry I. Eisenstein, Gerald Medoff. Mechanisms of Microbial Disease: third ed.. 1998
4. Baranton, G., Postic, D., Saint Girons, I., Boerlin, P., Piffaretti, J.C., Assous, M., and Grimont, P.A. "Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii sp. nov., and group VS461 associated with Lyme borreliosis." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1992) 42:378-383.
5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi db=genome&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=495
Edited by Kimberly Tong, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano
