Pseudo-nitzschia australis: Difference between revisions
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=Genome Structure (if the genome exists)= | =Genome Structure (if the genome exists)= | ||
=Cell structure and metabolism= | =Cell structure and metabolism= | ||
=Ecology and Pathogenesis= | =Ecology and Pathogenesis= | ||
P. australis is a marine diatom that resides at the top of the water column in temperate and sub-tropical oceans, commonly found in the waters bordering the west coast of the UNited States, Australia, New Zealand, and in the northern Atlantic Ocean (Kociolek et al, 2023). While itself not pathogenic, the domoic acid output by P. australis is toxic, and the level fluctuates based on environment. While P. australis itself flourishes best at a salinity of 30-40, domoic acid output was found to be highest at a salinity of 20 (Ayache et al, 2019). Similarly, nitrate and ammonium are the optimal nitrogen sources for P. australis, but samples grown on soley urea have been shown to produce more of the toxic domoic acid (Howard et al, 2007). | |||
=References= | =References= | ||
Ayache N, Hervé F, Lundholm N, Amzil Z, Caruana AMN. Acclimation of the Marine Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis to Different Salinity Conditions: Effects on Growth, Photosynthetic Activity, and Domoic Acid Content1. J Phycol. 2020 Feb;56(1):97-109. doi: 10.1111/jpy.12929. Epub 2019 Nov 15. PMID: 31591715. | |||
Kociolek, J.P.; Blanco, S.; Coste, M.; Ector, L.; Liu, Y.; Karthick, B.; Kulikovskiy, M.; Lundholm, N.; Ludwig, T.; Potapova, M.; Rimet, F.; Sabbe, K.; Sala, S.; Sar, E.; Taylor, J.; Van de Vijver, B.; Wetzel, C.E.; Williams, D.M.; Witkowski, A.; Witkowski, J. (2023). DiatomBase. Pseudo-nitzschia australis Frenguelli, 1939. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246604 on 2023-03-20 | |||
Nishimura T, Murray JS, Boundy MJ, Balci M, Bowers HA, Smith KF, Harwood DT, Rhodes LL. Update of the Planktonic Diatom Genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Aotearoa New Zealand Coastal Waters: Genetic Diversity and Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 10;13(9):637. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090637. PMID: 34564641; PMCID: PMC8473122. | Nishimura T, Murray JS, Boundy MJ, Balci M, Bowers HA, Smith KF, Harwood DT, Rhodes LL. Update of the Planktonic Diatom Genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Aotearoa New Zealand Coastal Waters: Genetic Diversity and Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 10;13(9):637. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090637. PMID: 34564641; PMCID: PMC8473122. | ||
Figueroa, Rosa, Estrada, Marta, Garcés, Esther. Life histories of microalgal species causing harmful blooms: Haploids, diploids and the relevance of benthic stages. Harmful Algae,Volume 73. 2018. Pages 44-57. ISSN 1568-9883. doi: /10.1016/j.hal.2018.01.006. | Figueroa, Rosa, Estrada, Marta, Garcés, Esther. Life histories of microalgal species causing harmful blooms: Haploids, diploids and the relevance of benthic stages. Harmful Algae,Volume 73. 2018. Pages 44-57. ISSN 1568-9883. doi: /10.1016/j.hal.2018.01.006. | ||
=Author= | |||
Page created by Caroline Holtz, a student of Dr. Hidetoshi Urakawa of Florida Gulf Coast University | |||
Revision as of 15:37, 20 March 2023
Classification
Higher order taxa
Domain Eukarya, phylum Gyrista, class Bacillariophyceae, order Bacillariales, family Bacillariaceae, genus Pseudo-nitzschia,
Species
Pseudo-nitzschia australis
Description and significance
P. australis is a species of marine diatom capable of causing harmful algae blooms (HABs), via its production of the toxic domoic acid. (Nishimura et al, 2021). Due to this toxin's buildup in shellfish, P. australis is known to cause Amnesiac Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans that consume infected shellfish, which can cause long-lasting neurological symptoms such as amnesia and dementia (Figueroa et al, 2018).
16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Information
P. australis has been shown to be related to P. seriata at 95% and P. multistriata at 60%. It is also related to P. obtusa (Nishimura et al, 2021).
Genome Structure (if the genome exists)
Cell structure and metabolism
Ecology and Pathogenesis
P. australis is a marine diatom that resides at the top of the water column in temperate and sub-tropical oceans, commonly found in the waters bordering the west coast of the UNited States, Australia, New Zealand, and in the northern Atlantic Ocean (Kociolek et al, 2023). While itself not pathogenic, the domoic acid output by P. australis is toxic, and the level fluctuates based on environment. While P. australis itself flourishes best at a salinity of 30-40, domoic acid output was found to be highest at a salinity of 20 (Ayache et al, 2019). Similarly, nitrate and ammonium are the optimal nitrogen sources for P. australis, but samples grown on soley urea have been shown to produce more of the toxic domoic acid (Howard et al, 2007).
References
Ayache N, Hervé F, Lundholm N, Amzil Z, Caruana AMN. Acclimation of the Marine Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis to Different Salinity Conditions: Effects on Growth, Photosynthetic Activity, and Domoic Acid Content1. J Phycol. 2020 Feb;56(1):97-109. doi: 10.1111/jpy.12929. Epub 2019 Nov 15. PMID: 31591715.
Kociolek, J.P.; Blanco, S.; Coste, M.; Ector, L.; Liu, Y.; Karthick, B.; Kulikovskiy, M.; Lundholm, N.; Ludwig, T.; Potapova, M.; Rimet, F.; Sabbe, K.; Sala, S.; Sar, E.; Taylor, J.; Van de Vijver, B.; Wetzel, C.E.; Williams, D.M.; Witkowski, A.; Witkowski, J. (2023). DiatomBase. Pseudo-nitzschia australis Frenguelli, 1939. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246604 on 2023-03-20
Nishimura T, Murray JS, Boundy MJ, Balci M, Bowers HA, Smith KF, Harwood DT, Rhodes LL. Update of the Planktonic Diatom Genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Aotearoa New Zealand Coastal Waters: Genetic Diversity and Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 10;13(9):637. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090637. PMID: 34564641; PMCID: PMC8473122.
Figueroa, Rosa, Estrada, Marta, Garcés, Esther. Life histories of microalgal species causing harmful blooms: Haploids, diploids and the relevance of benthic stages. Harmful Algae,Volume 73. 2018. Pages 44-57. ISSN 1568-9883. doi: /10.1016/j.hal.2018.01.006.
Author
Page created by Caroline Holtz, a student of Dr. Hidetoshi Urakawa of Florida Gulf Coast University
