Rubivirus: Difference between revisions

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===Infectious dose and Incubation Period===
===Infectious dose and Incubation Period===
The Rubella virus is infective at a dose of 30 viral units injected under the skin, 10 viral units inhaled into the respiratory tract or 60 viral units via nasal drops. (10) The incubation period for the virus is between 14 and 21 days. A rash will present approximately 14 days after infection.
The Rubella virus is infective at a dose of 30 viral units injected under the skin, 10 viral units inhaled into the respiratory tract or 60 viral units via nasal drops. The incubation period for the virus is between 14 and 21 days. A rash will present approximately 14 days after infection. (10)


===Epidemiology===
===Epidemiology===

Revision as of 18:15, 25 July 2014

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University of Oklahoma Study Abroad Microbiology in Arezzo, Italy[1]


Etiology/Bacteriology

Taxonomy


| Domain = Viruses
| Class = ssRNA viruses
| Order = ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage
| Family = Togaviridae
| Genus = Rubivirus

NCBI: Taxonomy Genome: Rubivirus

Description

Scanning electron microscope image of Rubella virus. From: blog.cytalk.com [2]





Pathogenesis

Transmission

Rubella virus is transmitted through direct contact with respiratory fluid. (2) The virus initially infects the respiratory tract and begins the replication process in that location. (3) The virus is present in feces, blood, and nasopharyngeal mucous for up to seven days before signs of rash and up to seven days after signs of rash. The virus can still be spread person-to-person without signs of clinical infection. (8)

Infectious dose and Incubation Period

The Rubella virus is infective at a dose of 30 viral units injected under the skin, 10 viral units inhaled into the respiratory tract or 60 viral units via nasal drops. The incubation period for the virus is between 14 and 21 days. A rash will present approximately 14 days after infection. (10)

Epidemiology

Virulence Factors

E1 Protein

Clinical Features

Postnatal Infection

The rubella virus, when contracted postnatal, has very mild signs and symptoms. The disease begins with a rash that starts on the face, in most cases, and spreads to the rest of the body. In children, the disease will only cause the rash but in adults the rubivirus can cause mild fever, throat pain, arthralgia and enlarged lymph nodes, in addition to the rash. (3) The rubella virus causes a specific type of rash called maculopapular, meaning small flat, red and raised spots. (4) Overall, there is mild concern in regards to the Rubella infection when introduced into a healthy child or adult. In utero infection of the Rubella virus causes severe birth defects or miscarriage in 80-90% of the patients. (8)

Congenital Syndrome

The Congenital Rubella Syndrome is contracted when the virus is engaged in utero within the first trimester of pregnancy. (8)


Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Host Immune Response