Mariniflexile aquimaris
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Mariniflexile aquimaris
Classification
- Mariniflexil [Ma.ri.ni.fle′xi.le. L. adj. marinus marine; L. part. adj. flexilis -e pliant, pliable, flexible; N.L. neut. n. Mariniflexile a flexible marine (bacterium)]. - Mariniflexile aquimaris (a.qui.ma′ris. L. n. aqua water; L. gen. n. maris of the sea; N.L. gen. n. aquimaris of the water of the sea).
Higher order taxa
- Superkingdom: Bacteria
- Phylum: Bacteroidetes
- Class: Flavobacteria
- Order: Flavobacteriales
- Family: Flavobacteriaceae
- Genus: Mariniflexile
Species
Genus species - Mariniflexile aquimaris - Type Strain HWR-17t
Description and Impact on Genus
The genus Mariniflexile, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, was proposed by Nedashkovskaya et al. (2006) with Mariniflexile gromovii, isolated from a sea urchin, as the sole recognized species. Mariniflexile aquimaris is a novel species to the genus Mariniflexile that was discovered in Yellow Sea off Hwang-do, an island in Korea. This species exhibited 97.1-97.2% 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Mariniflexile gronovii KCTC 12570T and Mariniflexile fucanivorans DSM 18792T. There were, however, distinct phenotypic differences that the discovery of Mariniflexile aquimaris that an amendment to the description of the genus was proposed. The new description is as follows: "Motile by gliding or non-gliding. Optimal growth temperature is 25–30 °C. Oxidase activity is negative. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid (Jung, Kim, Oh & Yoon, 2012)."
Cell structure and metabolism
Mariniflexile aquimaris are Gram-negative rod-shaped cells that are usually yellow-tinted in color. They are also traditionally slight halophiles with no motile capabilities because they are non-flagellated. Colonies on MA are circular, convex, smooth, glistening and yellow, 0.2–1.0 mm in diameter after incubation for 3 days at 30 °C.
They are not capable of anaerobic growth with or with out nitrate enhance marine agar, MA. The predominant menaquinone is MK-6 and the major fatty acid (>10 % of the total fatty acids) is iso-C15 : 0 in the Mariniflexile aquimaris species. In addition to the previously listed lipids given in the emended genus description, three unidentified lipids are present in minor amounts.
Role of Bacteriodetes in the Human Gut
Bacteriodetes is one of the five main phyla in the gut, but a recent study identified 43 Korean gut microbiota by studying fecal samples of 20 individuals. Korean gut microbiota showed the greatest diversity of rare species, this is particularly interesting because Mariniflexile aquimaris is a member of the phylum bacteriodetes, a phyla of microbe commonly found in our gut. This study researched by the Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, at Kyung Hee University states that "gut microbial composition is related to internal and external characteristics of each country member such as host genetics and diet styles (Nam, Jung, Kim, & Bae, 2011)." Microbes in the gut help by presenting nutrients from diets, resisting the colonization of pathogens, stimulating the proliferation of the intestinal epithelium, and regulating fat storage.
References
1. Barbeyron T., L’Haridon S., Michel G., Czjzek M. (2008). Mariniflexile fucanivorans sp. nov., a marine member of the Flavobacteriaceae that degrades sulphated fucans from brown algae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 2107–2113
2. Jung, Y., Kim, J., Oh, T., & Yoon, J. (2012). Mariniflexile aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended description of the genus mariniflexile nedashkovskaya et al. 2006. Internation Journal of Systemic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 62, 539-544. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.031492-0
3. Nam, Y., Jung, M., Kim, M., & Bae, J. (2011). Comparative analysis of korean human gut microbiota by barcoded pyrosequencing. PloS one , 6(7), pg e22109. Retrieved from http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21829445/Comparative_analysis_of_Korean_human_gut_microbiota_by_barcoded_pyrosequencing_
4. Nedashkovskaya O. I., Kim S. B., Kwak J., Mikhailov V. V., Bae K. S. (2006). Mariniflexile gromovii gen. nov., sp. nov., a gliding bacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1635–1638.
