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Anti-microbial activity was observed on an S. aureus test patch plate. | Anti-microbial activity was observed on an S. aureus test patch plate. | ||
B. megaterium is a significant organism because it can be used industrially as a commercial strain and expression host [1]. Some strains are capable of nitrogen fixation [2]. B. megaterium has important | B. megaterium is a significant organism because it can be used industrially as a commercial strain and expression host [1]. Some strains are capable of nitrogen fixation [2]. B. megaterium has important implications as a host for penicillin aminidase and vitamin B12. | ||
==Genome Structure== | ==Genome Structure== |
Revision as of 12:07, 4 December 2015
Classification
Kingdom- Bacteria; Phylum- Firmicutes; Class- Bacilli; Order- Bacillales; Family- Bacillaceae; Genus- Bacillus; Species- Bacillus Megaterium
Our Blast results were inconclusive. Bacillus Megaterium is the "best guess" narrowed down from our biochemical results and cellular and colonial characteristics in the lab**
Species
Genus species
Bacillus Megaterium
(Our second choice was Bacillus Cereus)
Habitat Information
The soil organism was isolated from a partially shaded front yard, underneath an oak tree, in Austin, TX on XXX. The air temperature was X, humidity X%, pressure X, solar radiation UV X. The grid coordinates from NRCS are XX. Spores are known to occur in soil, dust, water and plants.
Description and Significance
This organism is a gram positive, endospore forming, rod shaped bacteria. The colonial morphology is circular, smooth in the center, 'grainy' on the outside,umbonate elevation, and opaque with a golden appearance.
Kirby Bauer Antimicrobial results:
Strong Zone of Inhibition for (1) linezolid, (2) cefamandole, (3) azlocillin, (4) vancomycin, (5) sufisozazole.
Weak Zone of Inhibition for (6) oxacillin.
Disinfectant Sensitivity Results:
Strong Zone of Inhibition for (1) clove, (2) 10% lysol.
Weak Zone of Inhibition for (3) tea tree oil, (4) 100% bleach, and (5) lavender.
Anti-microbial activity was observed on an S. aureus test patch plate.
B. megaterium is a significant organism because it can be used industrially as a commercial strain and expression host [1]. Some strains are capable of nitrogen fixation [2]. B. megaterium has important implications as a host for penicillin aminidase and vitamin B12.
Genome Structure
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.
The size and content of the genome are undetermined due to inconclusive Blast results. PCR and DNA sequencing did not yield an adequate sequence for organism identification. Therefore, our genome information is based off of a 'best guess' of what organism might be based on biochemical tests and staining results.
Literature research indicates that B. megaterium has a genome XX.
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
The vegetative surface of B. megaterium consists of a proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer) and a cell wall made of peptidiglycan, containing meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP). The function of the proteinaceous surface layer, made of crystalline glycoprotein subunits, is unknown. It may be involved in bacterial metal interactions [3]. B. megaterium is mobile via a peritrichous flagella.
B. megaterium utilizes aerobic metabolism but has been known to survive anaerobic conditions. B. megaterium can produce metabolically inactive endospores to survive harsh conditions. The life cycle involves the following [4]:
1) Vegetative cell 2) Vegetative forms a septum (1/3 of the length of the cell) and pumps DNA into septum 3) Endospore develops and then surrounded by keratin-like coat 4) Vegetative cell dies; endospore release 5) Free mature endospore 6) Endospore becomes a vegetative cell
This is a link to endospore staining of B. megaterium:
http://www.microbelibrary.org/images/tu/bac_meg_endosp1.jpg
Physiology and Pathogenesis
mark with * inconsistent biochemical tests with literature.
B. megaterium is a common bacteria found in soil, does not produce endotoxins, and is non-pathogenic.
Biochemical characteristics:
NEGATIVE RESULTS INCLUDE: Starch Hydrolysis, Gelatin Hydrolysis, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer, Citrate test, SIM (negative for sulfur reduction, indole production, nonmotile organism), nitrate reduction, Urea hydrolysis, Eosin methylene blue (no coliforms, lactose fermenters, no growth: meaning possible gram +), Hektoen Enteric (presumptive ID for Gram +), MacConkey Agar (Gram + evidence), Decarboxylation Test, Phenylalanine deaminase, and catalase.
POSITIVE RESULTS INCLUDE: Casein hydrolysis, DNA hydrolysis, Lipid hydrolysis, Triple sugar iron, oxidase, blood agar (beta- complete lysis of RBC), mannitol salt agar (weak positive), phenylethal alcohol, and bile esculin.
Interpretation of Results: Our bacteria is a gram positive organism that possesses the enzymes casease,DNase, ligase, fermentable enzymes, and cytochrome C oxidase. This organism can completely lyse red blood cells, and can weakly ferment mannitol.
References
http://www.eol.org/pages/974186/overview http://www.tgw1916.net/Bacillus/megaterium.html
[3] http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Bacillus_2.html
[4] http://web.biosci.utexas.edu/psaxena/bio226r/pdf/3-43.pdf
Author
Page authored by Hsiang-Yuan Sung and Kaleen Timon, student of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.