Altiarchaeales: Difference between revisions
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The Archaea was first discovered over 15 years ago in a swamp located in Germany, where scientists noticed a so-called string of pearls microbe community floating on the surface of the water. They took samples of these colonies and found that the inner part of the string of pearls was made up of a new microorganism, now known as Canididatus Altiarchaeum hamiconexum. The outer part of the pearls turned out to be a filamentous sulfur-oxidizing microorganism called Thiothrix. Another group of Ca. A. hamiconexum was discovered in a drilled 36.5 m deep hole that had sulfidic ground water coming from it. However unlike before, where the Ca. A. hamiconexum was in a string of pearls colony formation, they found a biofilm composed almost purely of just Ca. A. hamiconexum. At that point in time an archaea that had the ability to form a highly-pure biofilm in the natural environment had not been discovered yet, making Ca. A. hamiconexum the first of its kind. The size and purity of the biofilm found indicated that the Ca. A. hamiconexum not only were metabolically active but also had a high efficiency at reproducing. The biofilm also seems to be able to out compete or suppress other organisms by some unknown means, leading the high purity of the biofilm [[#References|[4]]]. | The Archaea was first discovered over 15 years ago in a swamp located in Germany, where scientists noticed a so-called string of pearls microbe community floating on the surface of the water. They took samples of these colonies and found that the inner part of the string of pearls was made up of a new microorganism, now known as Canididatus Altiarchaeum hamiconexum. The outer part of the pearls turned out to be a filamentous sulfur-oxidizing microorganism called Thiothrix. Another group of Ca. A. hamiconexum was discovered in a drilled 36.5 m deep hole that had sulfidic ground water coming from it. However unlike before, where the Ca. A. hamiconexum was in a string of pearls colony formation, they found a biofilm composed almost purely of just Ca. A. hamiconexum. At that point in time an archaea that had the ability to form a highly-pure biofilm in the natural environment had not been discovered yet, making Ca. A. hamiconexum the first of its kind. The size and purity of the biofilm found indicated that the Ca. A. hamiconexum not only were metabolically active but also had a high efficiency at reproducing. The biofilm also seems to be able to out compete or suppress other organisms by some unknown means, leading the high purity of the biofilm [[#References|[4]]]. | ||
[[Image:Hami pic, Probst 2015.png|thumb|300px|right|<b> Figure 1:</b> Scanning Electron Micrograph of <i> Ca. </i> A. hamiconexum cells within their biofilm. Extracellular polymeric matrix and cell-surface appendages connect the individual cells. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25984733].]] | |||
==Section 4== | ==Section 4== |
Revision as of 05:33, 27 April 2017
Section
By [Benjamin A. Canniff]
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Higher Order Taxa
Kingdom:Proteoarchaeota
- Domain: Archaea
- Phylum: Euryarchaeota
- Class: Unknown
- Order: Altiarchaeales
- Family: Altiarchaeaceae
- Order: Altiarchaeales
- Class: Unknown
- Phylum: Euryarchaeota
Section 2
- Genus: Altiarchaeum
- Species: Archaea
Description and Significance
Altiarchaeles are an order of uncultured Archaea that is a recently proposed order. The Altiarchaeles’ lineage is made up of genetically diverse and globally wide spread microorganisms that can be found in anoxic subsurface environments, and are one of the few archaea that have a double membrane. The entire cell wall consists of an outer membrane separated by a periplasmic space from the cytoplasmic membrane. In depth genome analysis suggests that Altiarchaeles are autotrophic, utilizing a modified version of the archaeal reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, otherwise known as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for metabolism [4].
The Archaea was first discovered over 15 years ago in a swamp located in Germany, where scientists noticed a so-called string of pearls microbe community floating on the surface of the water. They took samples of these colonies and found that the inner part of the string of pearls was made up of a new microorganism, now known as Canididatus Altiarchaeum hamiconexum. The outer part of the pearls turned out to be a filamentous sulfur-oxidizing microorganism called Thiothrix. Another group of Ca. A. hamiconexum was discovered in a drilled 36.5 m deep hole that had sulfidic ground water coming from it. However unlike before, where the Ca. A. hamiconexum was in a string of pearls colony formation, they found a biofilm composed almost purely of just Ca. A. hamiconexum. At that point in time an archaea that had the ability to form a highly-pure biofilm in the natural environment had not been discovered yet, making Ca. A. hamiconexum the first of its kind. The size and purity of the biofilm found indicated that the Ca. A. hamiconexum not only were metabolically active but also had a high efficiency at reproducing. The biofilm also seems to be able to out compete or suppress other organisms by some unknown means, leading the high purity of the biofilm [4].
Section 4
Conclusion
References
Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2017, Kenyon College.