https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&feed=atom&action=history
Abiotrophia defectiva - Revision history
2024-03-29T01:37:06Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=119726&oldid=prev
BarichD at 14:55, 22 February 2016
2016-02-22T14:55:22Z
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=119719&oldid=prev
BarichD at 19:11, 19 February 2016
2016-02-19T19:11:31Z
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73727&oldid=prev
MooreL: /* Ecology */
2012-05-08T00:49:26Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ecology</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:49, 8 May 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PCR amplification is often used to identify ''A. defectiva'' by analyzing the 16S rDNA genes and comparing the sequence to the NCBI <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data bank </del><sup>2</sup>. ''A. defectiva'' is part of the normal flora of the oral and upper respiratory cavity as well as the intestinal tract.<sup>1</sup> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>PCR amplification is often used to identify ''A. defectiva'' by analyzing the 16S rDNA genes and comparing the sequence to the NCBI <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">databank </ins><sup>2</sup>. ''A. defectiva'' is part of the normal flora of the oral and upper respiratory cavity as well as the intestinal tract.<sup>1</sup></div></td></tr>
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MooreL
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73726&oldid=prev
MooreL: /* Metabolism */
2012-05-08T00:48:56Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Metabolism</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:48, 8 May 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''A. defectiva'' is classified as a Gram-positive, non-motile, facultative aerobe. <sup>3</sup> ''A. defectiva'' is a [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Fastidious_organism fastidious] organism that requires a complex <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">media </del>enriched with L-cysteine or vitamin <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B6 </del>as well as other unique nutritional requirements that are essential for growth. <sup>4</sup> Since it grows slower than other streptococci, cultivation and identification can be difficult; thus, phenotypic identification can result in a misidentification of the pathogen. <sup>5</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''A. defectiva'' is classified as a Gram-positive, non-motile, facultative aerobe. <sup>3</sup> ''A. defectiva'' is a [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Fastidious_organism fastidious] organism that requires a complex <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">medium </ins>enriched with L-cysteine or vitamin <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B<sub>6</sub> </ins>as well as other unique nutritional requirements that are essential for growth. <sup>4</sup> Since it grows slower than other streptococci, cultivation and identification can be difficult; thus, phenotypic identification can result in a misidentification of the pathogen. <sup>5</sup></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td></tr>
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MooreL
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73724&oldid=prev
MooreL: /* Cell and colony structure */
2012-05-08T00:45:51Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell and colony structure</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Known as a type of [http://pathology5.pathology.jhmi.edu/micro/v15n41.htm “nutritionally variant streptococci,”] ''A. defectiva'', when grown on blood agar, can grow as either [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology) non-hemolytic] or alpha-hemolytic satellite colonies and are usually supported by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Varying from typical gram-positive streptococci to gram-variable, enlarged, pleomorphic coccobacilli, the microscopic morphology of the organisms is dependent on the type of medium <sup>2</sup><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>When grown on 10% Danish blood agar (DBA), colonies were grayish-white in color and ranged in size from 1-3 mm in diameter <sup>1</sup><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Known as a type of [http://pathology5.pathology.jhmi.edu/micro/v15n41.htm “nutritionally variant streptococci,”] ''A. defectiva'', when grown on blood agar, can grow as either [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology) non-hemolytic] or alpha-hemolytic satellite colonies and are usually supported by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Varying from typical gram-positive streptococci to gram-variable, enlarged, pleomorphic coccobacilli, the microscopic morphology of the organisms is dependent on the type of medium<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </ins><sup>2</sup> When grown on 10% Danish blood agar (DBA), colonies were grayish-white in color and ranged in size from 1-3 mm in diameter<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </ins><sup>1</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Metabolism==</div></td></tr>
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MooreL
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73723&oldid=prev
MooreL: /* Cell and colony structure */
2012-05-08T00:45:11Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell and colony structure</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell and colony structure==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell and colony structure==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Known as a type of [http://pathology5.pathology.jhmi.edu/micro/v15n41.htm “nutritionally variant streptococci,”] ''A. defectiva'', when grown on blood agar, can grow <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>either [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology) non-hemolytic] or alpha-hemolytic <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">satelliting </del>colonies and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </del>usually supported by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Varying from typical gram-positive streptococci to gram-variable enlarged pleomorphic coccobacilli, the microscopic morphology of the organisms is medium <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dependent. </del><sup>2</sup> When grown on 10% Danish blood agar (DBA), colonies were grayish-white in color and ranged in size from 1-3 mm in diameter<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del><sup>1</sup> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Known as a type of [http://pathology5.pathology.jhmi.edu/micro/v15n41.htm “nutritionally variant streptococci,”] ''A. defectiva'', when grown on blood agar, can grow <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as </ins>either [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology) non-hemolytic] or alpha-hemolytic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">satellite </ins>colonies and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are </ins>usually supported by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Varying from typical gram-positive streptococci to gram-variable<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>enlarged<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>pleomorphic coccobacilli, the microscopic morphology of the organisms is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dependent on the type of </ins>medium <sup>2</sup><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </ins>When grown on 10% Danish blood agar (DBA), colonies were grayish-white in color and ranged in size from 1-3 mm in diameter <sup>1</sup><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Metabolism==</div></td></tr>
</table>
MooreL
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73721&oldid=prev
MooreL: /* Genome structure */
2012-05-08T00:40:19Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Genome structure</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:40, 8 May 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to the NCBI database, ''A. defectiva'' is shown to have 3291 protein sequences encoded in a 3.4792 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% <sup>2</sup>. In 2009, the first genome for ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abiotrophia </del>defectiva'' was sequenced by Floyd E. Dewhirst and Jacques Izard. The strain ATCC 49176 was isolated from the blood of a patient with bacterial endocarditis. <sup>3</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to the NCBI database, ''A. defectiva'' is shown to have 3291 protein sequences encoded in a 3.4792 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% <sup>2</sup>. In 2009, the first genome for ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A. </ins>defectiva'' was sequenced by Floyd E. Dewhirst and Jacques Izard. The strain ATCC 49176 was isolated from the blood of a patient with bacterial endocarditis. <sup>3</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell and colony structure==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell and colony structure==</div></td></tr>
</table>
MooreL
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73720&oldid=prev
MooreL: /* Description and significance */
2012-05-08T00:39:11Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:39, 8 May 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:abiotrophiadefectiva.jpg |thumb|left|200px|Gram-positive culture of ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' [[http://bacterioweb.univ-fcomte.fr/photo2detail.php?id=220]]]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:abiotrophiadefectiva.jpg |thumb|left|200px|Gram-positive culture of ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' [[http://bacterioweb.univ-fcomte.fr/photo2detail.php?id=220]]]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The definition of ''Abiotrophia'' is "life nutrition deficiency," meaning that the species needs supplemented media growth <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for </del>survival.<sup>1</sup> Most often growing in small, satellite colonies around colonies of associated bacterial species, ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' has been shown to reside in the oral and upper respiratory flora as well as in the intestinal mucosa. It can cause bacterial, infectious endocarditis, bacteremia, and some cases of [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000657.htm culture-negative endocarditis]. <sup>2</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The definition of ''Abiotrophia'' is "life nutrition deficiency," meaning that the species needs supplemented media <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for </ins>growth <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </ins>survival.<sup>1</sup> Most often growing in small, satellite colonies around colonies of associated bacterial species, ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' has been shown to reside in the oral and upper respiratory flora as well as in the intestinal mucosa. It can cause bacterial, infectious endocarditis, bacteremia, and some cases of [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000657.htm culture-negative endocarditis]. <sup>2</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome structure==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome structure==</div></td></tr>
</table>
MooreL
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73514&oldid=prev
Derbyki at 04:25, 4 May 2012
2012-05-04T04:25:43Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:25, 4 May 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to the NCBI database, ''A. defectiva'' is shown to have 3291 protein sequences encoded in a 3.4792 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% <sup>2</sup>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to the NCBI database, ''A. defectiva'' is shown to have 3291 protein sequences encoded in a 3.4792 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% <sup>2</sup>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 2009, the first genome for ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' was sequenced by Floyd E. Dewhirst and Jacques Izard. The strain ATCC 49176 was isolated from the blood of a patient with bacterial endocarditis. <sup>3</sup></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84829/ (2)] Hughs J, Jackson B, Kintner K, Namdari H, Namdari S, Peairs R, Savage D. Abiotrophia Species as a Cause of Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Extraction. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 May; 37(5): 1564–1566.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84829/ (2)] Hughs J, Jackson B, Kintner K, Namdari H, Namdari S, Peairs R, Savage D. Abiotrophia Species as a Cause of Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Extraction. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 May; 37(5): 1564–1566.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">genome</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?term=abiotrophia%20defectiva </del>(3)] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ncbi.nlm</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nih.gov/genome/?term=abiotrophia%20defectiva</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nuccore</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NZ_ACIN00000000 </ins>(3)] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176, whole genome shotgun sequencing project</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">springerlink</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">content/j476235450198810/about</del>/ (4)] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Embil J</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and Vinh D (2006)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Treatment of Native Valve Endocarditis: General Principles and Therapy for Specific Organisms</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In K Chan & J Embil (Eds)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Management: 121-183 [doi: 10.1007</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">978-1-84628-453-3_9].</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ncbi</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nlm.nih.gov</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">genome</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?term=abiotrophia%20defectiva </ins>(4)] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ncbi</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nlm</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nih</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gov/genome</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?term=abiotrophia%20defectiva</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ncbi</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nlm.nih.gov</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pubmed</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">15599782 </del>(5)] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Beljerd M, Bouvet A, Le Coustumier A, Loubinoux </del>J<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, Sire S, Wilhelm N</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">First case </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">multiple discitis </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sacroiliitis due to Abiotrophia defectiva</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Eur </del>J <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Clin Microbiol Infect Dis</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2005; 24</del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">76–78. </del>[doi: 10.1007/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s10096</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">004</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1265</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7</del>].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">springerlink</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com/content/j476235450198810</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">about</ins>/ (5)] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Embil </ins>J. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and Vinh D (2006). Treatment </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Native Valve Endocarditis: General Principles </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Therapy for Specific Organisms</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In K Chan & </ins>J <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Embil (Eds)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Management</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">121-183 </ins>[doi: 10.1007/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">978-1</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">84628</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">453</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3_9</ins>].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078235/?tool=pubmed (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">6</del>)] Asma A, Mohammed A, Mushira E. Endocarditis caused by ''Abiotrophia defectiva''. Libyan J Med. 2007; 2(1): 43–45. [doi: 10.4176/061223].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15599782 (6)] Beljerd M, Bouvet A, Le Coustumier A, Loubinoux J, Sire S, Wilhelm N. First case of multiple discitis and sacroiliitis due to Abiotrophia defectiva. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005; 24: 76–78. [doi: 10.1007/s10096-004-1265-7].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078235/?tool=pubmed (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7</ins>)] Asma A, Mohammed A, Mushira E. Endocarditis caused by ''Abiotrophia defectiva''. Libyan J Med. 2007; 2(1): 43–45. [doi: 10.4176/061223].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Edited by Kim Derby of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Edited by Kim Derby of Dr. Lisa R. Moore, University of Southern Maine, Department of Biological Sciences, http://www.usm.maine.edu/bio</div></td></tr>
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Derbyki
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Abiotrophia_defectiva&diff=73509&oldid=prev
Derbyki at 03:52, 4 May 2012
2012-05-04T03:52:56Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:52, 4 May 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pathology==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Because ''A. defectiva'' has been frequently found in dental plaque <sup>6</sup>, the oral cavity is often the portal of entry. <sup>5</sup> Although it is rare for ''A. defectiva'' to cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocarditis endocarditis], some studies estimate that it is responsible for 5-6% of all cases of inflammatory endocarditis and has a greater morbidity and mortality than endocarditis caused by other streptococci due to its poor response to many antibiotics. However, it is susceptible to and commonly treated with vancomycin. Complications such as congestive heart failure, embolization and an increased rate of surgical interventions often occur in conjunction with endocarditis caused by ''A. defectiva''. The production of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopolysaccharide exopolysaccharide] is one of the factors that contributes to the increased virulence of ''Abiotrophia'' species due to its long generation time which can have an impact on ''in vivo'' tolerance; the development of cell-wall deficient bacteria results in persistence, which is often promoted by treatment with β-lactam antibiotics. <sup>5</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Because ''A. defectiva'' has been frequently found in dental plaque <sup>6</sup>, the oral cavity is often the portal of entry. <sup>5</sup> Although it is rare for ''A. defectiva'' to cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocarditis endocarditis], some studies estimate that it is responsible for 5-6% of all cases of inflammatory endocarditis and has a greater morbidity and mortality than endocarditis caused by other streptococci due to its poor response to many antibiotics. However, it is susceptible to and commonly treated with vancomycin.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>1</sup> </ins>Complications such as congestive heart failure, embolization and an increased rate of surgical interventions often occur in conjunction with endocarditis caused by ''A. defectiva''. The production of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopolysaccharide exopolysaccharide] is one of the factors that contributes to the increased virulence of ''Abiotrophia'' species due to its long generation time which can have an impact on ''in vivo'' tolerance; the development of cell-wall deficient bacteria results in persistence, which is often promoted by treatment with β-lactam antibiotics. <sup>5</sup></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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Derbyki