https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Aerococcus_urinae&feed=atom&action=history
Aerococcus urinae - Revision history
2024-03-29T02:10:12Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.39.6
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Aerococcus_urinae&diff=116444&oldid=prev
BarichD at 14:22, 28 September 2015
2015-09-28T14:22:30Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:22, 28 September 2015</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Short pages]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==''Aerococcus urinae''==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==''Aerococcus urinae''==</div></td></tr>
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Aerococcus_urinae&diff=95064&oldid=prev
Amber.fossen: /* References */
2013-12-16T21:51:24Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:51, 16 December 2013</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>6. Yu, Victor L., Rainer Weber, Didier Raoult, John H. Rex, and Meena H. Seenivasan. ''"Aerococcus Urinae." Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines''. 2nd ed. New York, N. Y.: Apple Tree Productions, LLC, 2002. N. pag. Print.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>6. Yu, Victor L., Rainer Weber, Didier Raoult, John H. Rex, and Meena H. Seenivasan. ''"Aerococcus Urinae." Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines''. 2nd ed. New York, N. Y.: Apple Tree Productions, LLC, 2002. N. pag. Print.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Anigeet, H., Bell, A., Imran, M., Livesley, P., Pai, P. A Case Report of Successful Management of ''Aerococcus urinae'' Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Nov/Dec, 30(6):661-662.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Christensen JJ, Kilian M, Fussing V, Andresen K, Blom J, Korner B, Streigerwalt AG, ''Aerococcus urinae'': polyphasic characterization of the species. APMIS 2005; 113: 517-25.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Grude, N., Jenkins, A., Tveten, Y. and Kristiansen, B.-E. (2003), Identification of ''Aerococcus urinae'' in urine samples. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9: 976–979. doi: 10.1046/j.1469- 0691.2003.00704.x</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hindler, Janet A., Humphries, Romney M., Lee, Courtney. ''Aerococcus urinae'' and Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Nov 2011. 49(11):3934-3935.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Senneby, E. , Petersson, A. C. , Rasmussen, M. Clinical and microbial features of bacteraemia with ''Aerococcus urinae''. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 546-550</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Yu, Victor L., Rainer Weber, Didier Raoult, John H. Rex, and Meena H. Seenivasan. "Aerococcus Urinae. Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines''. 2nd ed. New York, N. Y.: Apple Tree Productions, LLC, 2002. N. pag. Print.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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Amber.fossen
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Aerococcus_urinae&diff=95062&oldid=prev
Amber.fossen at 21:50, 16 December 2013
2013-12-16T21:50:24Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:50, 16 December 2013</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==''Aerococcus urinae''==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==''Aerococcus urinae''==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:aerococc.png]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Classification====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Classification====</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Treatment====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Treatment====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:''A. urinae'' is resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamthoxazole (SXT) and Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic used to treat ''A. urinae''. SXT was commonly used as an empirical drug of choice for treatment of ''A. urinae'' which is not as effective as beta-lactam. Beta-lactam and penicillin is the primary antibiotic used to treat ''A. urinae'' but fluroquinolones and clindamycin have also been used. Penicillin is the drug used to treat patients who have endocarditis. Patients are advised to take it for six weeks along with aminoglycoside (a sugar based antibiotic) for the first 14 days.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:''A. urinae'' is resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamthoxazole (SXT) and Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic used to treat ''A. urinae''. SXT was commonly used as an empirical drug of choice for treatment of ''A. urinae'' which is not as effective as beta-lactam. Beta-lactam and penicillin is the primary antibiotic used to treat ''A. urinae'' but fluroquinolones and clindamycin have also been used. Penicillin is the drug used to treat patients who have endocarditis. Patients are advised to take it for six weeks along with aminoglycoside (a sugar based antibiotic) for the first 14 days.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1. Anigeet, H., Bell, A., Imran, M., Livesley, P., Pai, P. </ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A Case Report of Successful Management of ''Aerococcus urinae'' Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Nov/Dec, 30(6):661- 662.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2. Christensen JJ, Kilian M, Fussing V, Andresen K, Blom J, Korner B, Streigerwalt AG, ''Aerococcus urinae'': polyphasic characterization of the species. APMIS 2005; 113: 517-25.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3. Grude, N., Jenkins, A., Tveten, Y. and Kristiansen, B.-E. (2003), Identification of ''Aerococcus urinae'' in urine samples. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9: 976–979. doi: 10.1046/j.1469- 0691.2003.00704.x</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Hindler, Janet A., Humphries, Romney M., Lee, Courtney. ''Aerococcus urinae'' and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Nov 2011. 49(11):3934-3935.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5. Senneby, E. , Petersson, A. C. , Rasmussen, M. Clinical and microbial features of bacteraemia with ''Aerococcus urinae''. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 546-550</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">6. Yu, Victor L., Rainer Weber, Didier Raoult, John H. Rex, and Meena H. Seenivasan. ''"Aerococcus Urinae." Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines''. 2nd ed. New York, N. Y.: Apple Tree Productions, LLC, 2002. N. pag. Print.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anigeet, H., Bell, A., Imran, M., Livesley, P., Pai, P. A Case Report of Successful Management of ''Aerococcus urinae'' Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Nov/Dec, 30(6):661-662.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anigeet, H., Bell, A., Imran, M., Livesley, P., Pai, P. A Case Report of Successful Management of ''Aerococcus urinae'' Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Nov/Dec, 30(6):661-662.</div></td></tr>
</table>
Amber.fossen
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Aerococcus_urinae&diff=95060&oldid=prev
Amber.fossen: Created page with "==''Aerococcus urinae''== ====Classification==== :Phylum: Bacteria :Genus: ''Aerococcus'' :Species: ''Aerococcus urinae'' ====Description and Significance==== :''Aerococcus..."
2013-12-16T21:40:19Z
<p>Created page with "==''Aerococcus urinae''== ====Classification==== :Phylum: Bacteria :Genus: ''Aerococcus'' :Species: ''Aerococcus urinae'' ====Description and Significance==== :''Aerococcus..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>==''Aerococcus urinae''==<br />
<br />
<br />
====Classification====<br />
:Phylum: Bacteria<br />
:Genus: ''Aerococcus''<br />
:Species: ''Aerococcus urinae''<br />
<br />
====Description and Significance====<br />
:''Aerococcus urinae (A.urinae)'' is a rare bacterium that can occur in a urinary tract infection, infective endocarditis, blood stream, and spinal disc infections. ''A. urinae'' is a gram-positive coccus occurring in tetrads or pairs, similar to the α-hemolytic Streptococci, which is commonly found in the urinary tract in children and elderly people.<br />
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====Pathology====<br />
:''A. urinae'' has been known to cause invasive infections such as endocarditis (pertains to the inflammation of the heart), spondylodiscitis (pertains to the inflammation of 2 or more vertebrae), speticaemia ( pertains to blood poisoning), and cellulitus (pertains to a bacterial skin infection). ''Aerococcus urinae'' naturally occurs in dust, air, vegetation, and hospital environments. This bacterium occurs in three cases per million habitants per year.<br />
<br />
====Diagnosis====<br />
:The diagnosis of ''A. urinae'' is often missed in many laboratories around the world due to many strains of ''Aerococcus'' species, ''A.urinae'' being the least common. Differentiating between ''A. urinae'' and streptococci can be difficult to distinguish apart because they both characterize a cocci appearance either tetrads or clusters. Techniques such as 16s rRNA sequencing, Vitek (a type of gene sequencing analysis), and DNA-DNA relatednesss investigations can be used in diagnosis of ''A. urinae''. These particular tests are used due to the homogenous characteristics of ''A. urinae''.<br />
<br />
====Treatment====<br />
:''A. urinae'' is resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamthoxazole (SXT) and Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic used to treat ''A. urinae''. SXT was commonly used as an empirical drug of choice for treatment of ''A. urinae'' which is not as effective as beta-lactam. Beta-lactam and penicillin is the primary antibiotic used to treat ''A. urinae'' but fluroquinolones and clindamycin have also been used. Penicillin is the drug used to treat patients who have endocarditis. Patients are advised to take it for six weeks along with aminoglycoside (a sugar based antibiotic) for the first 14 days.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Anigeet, H., Bell, A., Imran, M., Livesley, P., Pai, P. A Case Report of Successful Management of ''Aerococcus urinae'' Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Nov/Dec, 30(6):661-662.<br />
<br />
Christensen JJ, Kilian M, Fussing V, Andresen K, Blom J, Korner B, Streigerwalt AG, ''Aerococcus urinae'': polyphasic characterization of the species. APMIS 2005; 113: 517-25.<br />
<br />
Grude, N., Jenkins, A., Tveten, Y. and Kristiansen, B.-E. (2003), Identification of ''Aerococcus urinae'' in urine samples. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9: 976–979. doi: 10.1046/j.1469- 0691.2003.00704.x<br />
<br />
Hindler, Janet A., Humphries, Romney M., Lee, Courtney. ''Aerococcus urinae'' and Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Nov 2011. 49(11):3934-3935.<br />
<br />
Senneby, E. , Petersson, A. C. , Rasmussen, M. Clinical and microbial features of bacteraemia with ''Aerococcus urinae''. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 546-550<br />
<br />
Yu, Victor L., Rainer Weber, Didier Raoult, John H. Rex, and Meena H. Seenivasan. "Aerococcus Urinae. Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines''. 2nd ed. New York, N. Y.: Apple Tree Productions, LLC, 2002. N. pag. Print.</div>
Amber.fossen