African Sleeping Sickness: Tyrpanosome Invasion Mechanism: Difference between revisions

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<br><br>Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by [mailto:slonczewski@kenyon.edu Joan Slonczewski], 2018, [http://www.kenyon.edu/index.xml Kenyon College].
<br><br>Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by [mailto:slonczewski@kenyon.edu Joan Slonczewski], 2018, [http://www.kenyon.edu/index.xml Kenyon College].
<br><br>“Disease.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Aug. 2012, www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/disease.html

Revision as of 21:38, 2 April 2018

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Introduction

Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.


By Katie Lensmeyer

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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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African Sleeping Sickness is a microbial vector driven disease that affects many parts of Africa. The disease takes action by first invading the peripheral nervous system of its host and soon after passing the blood brain barrier to damage neurons within the brain leaving fatal results for the infected host. How is it that this disease can invade such secure parts of the human system so quickly? What is the disease mechanism for this harmful microbe?


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What is African Sleeping Sickness?

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African Trypanosomiasis, or better known as African Sleeping Sickness, is a parasite driven infection of the human nervous system. The disease is caused by the microbial parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei and than transmitted through the tsetse fly, found only in rural parts of Africa. Throughout history, this disease has been classified as a public health problem seen primarily in sub-saharan areas of Africa. About 10,000 cases of the disease are reported every year to the World Health organization, but unfortunately it is expected that most cases go unreported and/or undiagnosed.

Because this disease is vector borne, the microbe, trypanosome brucei, enters the human system by ways of the skin. An infected tsetse fly must bite the host, and through this wound the protozoan enters the system. After initial infection, the disease has two stages. The first of these stages is the time in which the parasite is found within the peripheral nervous system, but has not yet made its way into the central nervous system. The second stage begins when the infection has passed the blood brain barrier and resides within the central nervous system. The disease than acts quickly, leaving its host with symptoms of fever, tremors, swollen lymph nodes, sleep disturbances, and speech problems within the first two weeks of infection. Following weeks lead to neurological deterioration ending in coma and soon after death. An untreated case can expect the the disease to become fatal within a few months.

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Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2018, Kenyon College.