https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&feed=atom&action=historyAmoebiasis - Revision history2024-03-28T16:49:14ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94686&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:38:13Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:38, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Introduction==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Introduction==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br></del><b>Background Information</b></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><b>Background Information</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>First identified by Hippocrates around 300 B.C. by describing a patient with dysentery and fever, amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection due to the amoeba, <i>Entamoeba histolytica.</i> Later developments came in 1855 when it was suggested that the disease might have a parasitic origin. Finally, <i>E. histolytica</i> was identified from a stool sample in 1875 by Fredor Losch. Throughout the world, amoebiasis is the second leading cause of death from a parasitic disease with an estimated 50 million cases per year and 100,000 deaths per year. However, most of these cases occur in the developing world. Although it is the second leading cause of death from parasitic diseases, about 90% of the people exposed to <i>E. histolytica</i> are asymptomatic or report very mild symptoms. [5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>First identified by Hippocrates around 300 B.C. by describing a patient with dysentery and fever, amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection due to the amoeba, <i>Entamoeba histolytica.</i> Later developments came in 1855 when it was suggested that the disease might have a parasitic origin. Finally, <i>E. histolytica</i> was identified from a stool sample in 1875 by Fredor Losch. Throughout the world, amoebiasis is the second leading cause of death from a parasitic disease with an estimated 50 million cases per year and 100,000 deaths per year. However, most of these cases occur in the developing world. Although it is the second leading cause of death from parasitic diseases, about 90% of the people exposed to <i>E. histolytica</i> are asymptomatic or report very mild symptoms. [5]</div></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94685&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Section 2 */2013-12-06T03:37:37Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Section 2</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:37, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l44">Line 44:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 44:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Now, serological testing is more a useful and definitive way of testing for the presence of <i>E. histolytica</i>. This, coupled with antigen detection and PCR, may offer the best way to diagnose patients. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) are becoming increasingly popular in diagnoses because symptomatic patients are thought to have high levels of specific antibodies, serum anti-lectin immunoglobulin G (IgG), associated with the <i>E. histolytica</i> infection. These antibodies can be detected within one week of the start of the symptoms. Although PCR and serological testing might be useful in the developed world, these resources are not as readily available in undeveloped countries. Thus, these are impractical methods for the parts of the world where the parasite is most prevalent and researchers are currently working on developing new methods to test for the the infection. [5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Now, serological testing is more a useful and definitive way of testing for the presence of <i>E. histolytica</i>. This, coupled with antigen detection and PCR, may offer the best way to diagnose patients. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) are becoming increasingly popular in diagnoses because symptomatic patients are thought to have high levels of specific antibodies, serum anti-lectin immunoglobulin G (IgG), associated with the <i>E. histolytica</i> infection. These antibodies can be detected within one week of the start of the symptoms. Although PCR and serological testing might be useful in the developed world, these resources are not as readily available in undeveloped countries. Thus, these are impractical methods for the parts of the world where the parasite is most prevalent and researchers are currently working on developing new methods to test for the the infection. [5]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Section 2==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genomic Diversity of Amoebiasis<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><b></del>Genomic Diversity of Amoebiasis<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></b></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Research on the genome of <i>E. histolytica</i> is an emerging area of importance in understanding the virulence of the parasite. In fact, recent studies have proposed that it's genetic factors affect how infectious it is. The genomes of several strains of E. histolytica have been sequenced, which yielded interesting data about the amoeba. For example, it was discovered that about 75% of the genome consists of A and T nucleotides. Furthermore, among the strains sequenced nucleotide differences were low (single-nucleotide polymorphism ranged from 0.312 to 0.857 SNPs per kilobase). Conversely, other studies have found high diversity in the nucleotide repeats that separate tRNA genes or genes like that coding for SREHP, a protein consisting of a large amount of serine. However, gene copy number is diverse, suggesting that this could be an important part of the variety of virulence seen from the parasite. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Research on the genome of <i>E. histolytica</i> is an emerging area of importance in understanding the virulence of the parasite. In fact, recent studies have proposed that it's genetic factors affect how infectious it is. The genomes of several strains of E. histolytica have been sequenced, which yielded interesting data about the amoeba. For example, it was discovered that about 75% of the genome consists of A and T nucleotides. Furthermore, among the strains sequenced nucleotide differences were low (single-nucleotide polymorphism ranged from 0.312 to 0.857 SNPs per kilobase). Conversely, other studies have found high diversity in the nucleotide repeats that separate tRNA genes or genes like that coding for SREHP, a protein consisting of a large amount of serine. However, gene copy number is diverse, suggesting that this could be an important part of the variety of virulence seen from the parasite. </div></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94683&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Section 1 */2013-12-06T03:37:08Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Section 1</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:37, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l36">Line 36:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 36:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first successful treatment came about in 1912. Leonard Rogers used emetine. [5] Today, those identified as infected by <i>E. histolytica</i> are treated with two types of drugs. The first is an amoebicidal agent as well as a luminal-acting cysticidal agent. Physicians will usually use a CT to monitor the abdomen of an infected individual and use a catheter to drain fluid. People with the identified infection that do not show symptoms should still be put on a luminal agent since they pose a health risk to others. [2] Furthermore, 4-10% of asymptomatic people will develop symptoms within a year of the infection. [3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first successful treatment came about in 1912. Leonard Rogers used emetine. [5] Today, those identified as infected by <i>E. histolytica</i> are treated with two types of drugs. The first is an amoebicidal agent as well as a luminal-acting cysticidal agent. Physicians will usually use a CT to monitor the abdomen of an infected individual and use a catheter to drain fluid. People with the identified infection that do not show symptoms should still be put on a luminal agent since they pose a health risk to others. [2] Furthermore, 4-10% of asymptomatic people will develop symptoms within a year of the infection. [3]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Section 1==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Development of Diagnoses Methods<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><b></del>Development of Diagnoses Methods<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></b></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is important to have as precise methods as possible in detecting <i>E. histolytica</i> in order to determine the extent of the amoebiasis infection. Furthermore, the more that is understood about <i>E. histolytica</i>, the better researchers are able to develop treatments. Currently, the methods that are most commonly used to detect the presence of the parasite are ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or IHA (indirect hemagglutination assay).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is important to have as precise methods as possible in detecting <i>E. histolytica</i> in order to determine the extent of the amoebiasis infection. Furthermore, the more that is understood about <i>E. histolytica</i>, the better researchers are able to develop treatments. Currently, the methods that are most commonly used to detect the presence of the parasite are ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or IHA (indirect hemagglutination assay).</div></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94675&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:31:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:31, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l30">Line 30:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While existing in the cyst stage of its life cycle, <i>E. histolytica</i> tend to have a diameter of 10–15μm and are round in shape. Within a chitinous refractile wall are four nuclei, glycogen, and chromatoid bodies (ribosomal assemblies). As a trophozoite, <i>E. histolytica</i> are generally larger, of around 10 to 50μm in diameter. Unlike in the cyst form, the trophozoites are capable of moving spontaneously, gaining the energy for this process through anaerobically converting glucose and pyruvate to ethanol. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While existing in the cyst stage of its life cycle, <i>E. histolytica</i> tend to have a diameter of 10–15μm and are round in shape. Within a chitinous refractile wall are four nuclei, glycogen, and chromatoid bodies (ribosomal assemblies). As a trophozoite, <i>E. histolytica</i> are generally larger, of around 10 to 50μm in diameter. Unlike in the cyst form, the trophozoites are capable of moving spontaneously, gaining the energy for this process through anaerobically converting glucose and pyruvate to ethanol. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Once ingested by a human or a non-human primate, who are the natural hosts to the parasite, the <i>E. histolytica</i> cysts travel to the small intestine and become trophozoites in either the terminal ileum or colon (each cyst will produce eight trophozoites). Cysts can exist outside the human body for long periods of time (from days or even up to months in damp conditions and ideal temperatures)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>Unlike cysts, trophozoites cannot survive outside of this preferred environment, and will degrade very quickly if exposed to an outside environment. The incubation period of the amoeba can vary from a couple of days to as long as a year. Nonetheless, once in the small intestine, the trophozoites will attack the intestinal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only do they invade the gastrointestinal track, but trophozoites can also migrate to other organs of the body and cause infection there as well. Once in the colon of its host, the trophozoites will encyst again and exit the body through the stool. [5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Once ingested by a human or a non-human primate, who are the natural hosts to the parasite, the <i>E. histolytica</i> cysts travel to the small intestine and become trophozoites in either the terminal ileum or colon (each cyst will produce eight trophozoites). Cysts can exist outside the human body for long periods of time (from days or even up to months in damp conditions and ideal temperatures)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </ins>Unlike cysts, trophozoites cannot survive outside of this preferred environment, and will degrade very quickly if exposed to an outside environment. The incubation period of the amoeba can vary from a couple of days to as long as a year. Nonetheless, once in the small intestine, the trophozoites will attack the intestinal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only do they invade the gastrointestinal track, but trophozoites can also migrate to other organs of the body and cause infection there as well. Once in the colon of its host, the trophozoites will encyst again and exit the body through the stool. [5]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<br><i>E. histolytica</i> trophozoite. https://www.msu.edu/course/zol/316/ehisscope.htm]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<br><i>E. histolytica</i> trophozoite. https://www.msu.edu/course/zol/316/ehisscope.htm]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><b>Treatment</b></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><b>Treatment</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first successful treatment came about in 1912. Leonard Rogers used emetine. [5] Today, those identified as infected by <i>E. histolytica</i> are treated with two types of drugs. The first is an amoebicidal agent as well as a luminal-acting cysticidal agent. Physicians will usually use a CT to monitor the abdomen of an infected individual and use a catheter to drain fluid. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For people </del>with the identified infection<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, but who </del>do not show symptoms<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>should still be put on a luminal agent <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as </del>they pose a health risk to others. [2] Furthermore, 4-10% of asymptomatic people will develop symptoms within a year of the infection. [3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first successful treatment came about in 1912. Leonard Rogers used emetine. [5] Today, those identified as infected by <i>E. histolytica</i> are treated with two types of drugs. The first is an amoebicidal agent as well as a luminal-acting cysticidal agent. Physicians will usually use a CT to monitor the abdomen of an infected individual and use a catheter to drain fluid. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">People </ins>with the identified infection <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that </ins>do not show symptoms should still be put on a luminal agent <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">since </ins>they pose a health risk to others. [2] Furthermore, 4-10% of asymptomatic people will develop symptoms within a year of the infection. [3]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Section 1==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Section 1==</div></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94646&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:15:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:15, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l31">Line 31:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Once ingested by a human or a non-human primate, who are the natural hosts to the parasite, the <i>E. histolytica</i> cysts travel to the small intestine and become trophozoites in either the terminal ileum or colon (each cyst will produce eight trophozoites). Cysts can exist outside the human body for long periods of time (from days or even up to months in damp conditions and ideal temperatures), Unlike cysts, trophozoites cannot survive outside of this preferred environment, and will degrade very quickly if exposed to an outside environment. The incubation period of the amoeba can vary from a couple of days to as long as a year. Nonetheless, once in the small intestine, the trophozoites will attack the intestinal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only do they invade the gastrointestinal track, but trophozoites can also migrate to other organs of the body and cause infection there as well. Once in the colon of its host, the trophozoites will encyst again and exit the body through the stool. [5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Once ingested by a human or a non-human primate, who are the natural hosts to the parasite, the <i>E. histolytica</i> cysts travel to the small intestine and become trophozoites in either the terminal ileum or colon (each cyst will produce eight trophozoites). Cysts can exist outside the human body for long periods of time (from days or even up to months in damp conditions and ideal temperatures), Unlike cysts, trophozoites cannot survive outside of this preferred environment, and will degrade very quickly if exposed to an outside environment. The incubation period of the amoeba can vary from a couple of days to as long as a year. Nonetheless, once in the small intestine, the trophozoites will attack the intestinal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only do they invade the gastrointestinal track, but trophozoites can also migrate to other organs of the body and cause infection there as well. Once in the colon of its host, the trophozoites will encyst again and exit the body through the stool. [5]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<br><i>E. histolytica</i> trophozoite.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<br><i>E. histolytica</i> trophozoite. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">https://www.msu.edu/course/zol/316/ehisscope.htm</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><b>Treatment</b></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><b>Treatment</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94645&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:14:43Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:14, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>First identified by Hippocrates around 300 B.C. by describing a patient with dysentery and fever, amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection due to the amoeba, <i>Entamoeba histolytica.</i> Later developments came in 1855 when it was suggested that the disease might have a parasitic origin. Finally, <i>E. histolytica</i> was identified from a stool sample in 1875 by Fredor Losch. Throughout the world, amoebiasis is the second leading cause of death from a parasitic disease with an estimated 50 million cases per year and 100,000 deaths per year. However, most of these cases occur in the developing world. Although it is the second leading cause of death from parasitic diseases, about 90% of the people exposed to <i>E. histolytica</i> are asymptomatic or report very mild symptoms. [5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>First identified by Hippocrates around 300 B.C. by describing a patient with dysentery and fever, amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection due to the amoeba, <i>Entamoeba histolytica.</i> Later developments came in 1855 when it was suggested that the disease might have a parasitic origin. Finally, <i>E. histolytica</i> was identified from a stool sample in 1875 by Fredor Losch. Throughout the world, amoebiasis is the second leading cause of death from a parasitic disease with an estimated 50 million cases per year and 100,000 deaths per year. However, most of these cases occur in the developing world. Although it is the second leading cause of death from parasitic diseases, about 90% of the people exposed to <i>E. histolytica</i> are asymptomatic or report very mild symptoms. [5]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Ehistdisp_cyst_wtmt.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<i>E. histolytica</i> cyst stained with iodine on a concentrated wet mount.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Ehistdisp_cyst_wtmt.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<i>E. histolytica</i> cyst stained with iodine on a concentrated wet mount. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Amebiasis/body_Amebiasis_mic1.htm</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>E. histolytica</i> secretes proteinases that do considerable damage to their host. They produce proteolytic enzymes and cysteine proteases that aid in their ability to invade tissues. They can dissolve the tissues of the host and can kill the host cells on contact. The proteinases immobilize the cells and cause them to lose their cytoplasmic granules and structures. Finally, the nucleus of the cell will disintegrate. <i>E. histolytica</i>can also engulf the red blood cells of the host. [3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>E. histolytica</i> secretes proteinases that do considerable damage to their host. They produce proteolytic enzymes and cysteine proteases that aid in their ability to invade tissues. They can dissolve the tissues of the host and can kill the host cells on contact. The proteinases immobilize the cells and cause them to lose their cytoplasmic granules and structures. Finally, the nucleus of the cell will disintegrate. <i>E. histolytica</i>can also engulf the red blood cells of the host. [3]</div></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94643&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:13:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:13, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Line 9:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For those that do experience the symptoms associated with the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, the onset is variable; they can occur gradually or very quickly. Gradual symptoms most often include a slow onset of colitis, or inflammation of the colon. Associated with colitis is diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Diarrhoea usually begins mildly and develops into diarrhoea that contains blood and mucous. Other signs of colitis are nausea, headache, and sometimes fever, but fever only occurs in less than forty percent of individuals. On the other hand, symptoms that occur quickly and intensely include semi liquid stools that contain blood and mucous. Abdominal pain can range from mild to severe, frequently accompanied by a tender liver. Rarer progressions of the disease include brain abscesses and respiratory issues.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For those that do experience the symptoms associated with the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, the onset is variable; they can occur gradually or very quickly. Gradual symptoms most often include a slow onset of colitis, or inflammation of the colon. Associated with colitis is diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Diarrhoea usually begins mildly and develops into diarrhoea that contains blood and mucous. Other signs of colitis are nausea, headache, and sometimes fever, but fever only occurs in less than forty percent of individuals. On the other hand, symptoms that occur quickly and intensely include semi liquid stools that contain blood and mucous. Abdominal pain can range from mild to severe, frequently accompanied by a tender liver. Rarer progressions of the disease include brain abscesses and respiratory issues.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Image25.jpg|thumb|300px|left|<i>E. histolytica</i> Patient with amoebiasis liver absess.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Image25.jpg|thumb|300px|left|<i>E. histolytica</i> Patient with amoebiasis liver absess. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2006/Amoebiasis/clinicalpresentations.html</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94642&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:13:01Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:13, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Line 9:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For those that do experience the symptoms associated with the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, the onset is variable; they can occur gradually or very quickly. Gradual symptoms most often include a slow onset of colitis, or inflammation of the colon. Associated with colitis is diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Diarrhoea usually begins mildly and develops into diarrhoea that contains blood and mucous. Other signs of colitis are nausea, headache, and sometimes fever, but fever only occurs in less than forty percent of individuals. On the other hand, symptoms that occur quickly and intensely include semi liquid stools that contain blood and mucous. Abdominal pain can range from mild to severe, frequently accompanied by a tender liver. Rarer progressions of the disease include brain abscesses and respiratory issues.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For those that do experience the symptoms associated with the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, the onset is variable; they can occur gradually or very quickly. Gradual symptoms most often include a slow onset of colitis, or inflammation of the colon. Associated with colitis is diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Diarrhoea usually begins mildly and develops into diarrhoea that contains blood and mucous. Other signs of colitis are nausea, headache, and sometimes fever, but fever only occurs in less than forty percent of individuals. On the other hand, symptoms that occur quickly and intensely include semi liquid stools that contain blood and mucous. Abdominal pain can range from mild to severe, frequently accompanied by a tender liver. Rarer progressions of the disease include brain abscesses and respiratory issues.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2006/Amoebiasis/clinicalpresentations.html </del>Image:Image25.jpg|thumb|300px|left|<i>E. histolytica</i> Patient with amoebiasis liver absess.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Image25.jpg|thumb|300px|left|<i>E. histolytica</i> Patient with amoebiasis liver absess.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94640&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:11:54Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:11, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Line 9:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For those that do experience the symptoms associated with the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, the onset is variable; they can occur gradually or very quickly. Gradual symptoms most often include a slow onset of colitis, or inflammation of the colon. Associated with colitis is diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Diarrhoea usually begins mildly and develops into diarrhoea that contains blood and mucous. Other signs of colitis are nausea, headache, and sometimes fever, but fever only occurs in less than forty percent of individuals. On the other hand, symptoms that occur quickly and intensely include semi liquid stools that contain blood and mucous. Abdominal pain can range from mild to severe, frequently accompanied by a tender liver. Rarer progressions of the disease include brain abscesses and respiratory issues.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For those that do experience the symptoms associated with the <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> infection, the onset is variable; they can occur gradually or very quickly. Gradual symptoms most often include a slow onset of colitis, or inflammation of the colon. Associated with colitis is diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Diarrhoea usually begins mildly and develops into diarrhoea that contains blood and mucous. Other signs of colitis are nausea, headache, and sometimes fever, but fever only occurs in less than forty percent of individuals. On the other hand, symptoms that occur quickly and intensely include semi liquid stools that contain blood and mucous. Abdominal pain can range from mild to severe, frequently accompanied by a tender liver. Rarer progressions of the disease include brain abscesses and respiratory issues.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Image25.jpg|thumb|300px|left|<i>E. histolytica</i> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cyst stained </del>with <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">iodine on a concentrated wet mount</del>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2006/Amoebiasis/clinicalpresentations.html </ins>Image:Image25.jpg|thumb|300px|left|<i>E. histolytica</i> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Patient </ins>with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">amoebiasis liver absess</ins>.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Hauserkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Amoebiasis&diff=94632&oldid=prevHauserk: /* Introduction */2013-12-06T03:08:09Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:08, 6 December 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l30">Line 30:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While existing in the cyst stage of its life cycle, <i>E. histolytica</i> tend to have a diameter of 10–15μm and are round in shape. Within a chitinous refractile wall are four nuclei, glycogen, and chromatoid bodies (ribosomal assemblies). As a trophozoite, <i>E. histolytica</i> are generally larger, of around 10 to 50μm in diameter. Unlike in the cyst form, the trophozoites are capable of moving spontaneously, gaining the energy for this process through anaerobically converting glucose and pyruvate to ethanol. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>While existing in the cyst stage of its life cycle, <i>E. histolytica</i> tend to have a diameter of 10–15μm and are round in shape. Within a chitinous refractile wall are four nuclei, glycogen, and chromatoid bodies (ribosomal assemblies). As a trophozoite, <i>E. histolytica</i> are generally larger, of around 10 to 50μm in diameter. Unlike in the cyst form, the trophozoites are capable of moving spontaneously, gaining the energy for this process through anaerobically converting glucose and pyruvate to ethanol. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Once ingested by a human or a non-human primate, who are the natural hosts to the parasite, the <i>E. histolytica</i> cysts travel to the small intestine and become trophozoites in either the terminal ileum or colon (each cyst will produce eight trophozoites). Cysts can exist outside the human body for long periods of time (from days or even up to months in damp conditions and ideal temperatures), Unlike cysts, trophozoites cannot survive outside of this preferred environment, and will degrade very quickly if exposed to an outside environment. The incubation period of the amoeba can vary from a couple of days to as long as a year. Nonetheless, once in the small intestine, the trophozoites will attack the intestinal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only do they invade the gastrointestinal track, but trophozoites can also migrate to other organs of the body and cause infection there as well. Once in the colon of its host, the trophozoites will encyst again and exit the body through the stool</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Once ingested by a human or a non-human primate, who are the natural hosts to the parasite, the <i>E. histolytica</i> cysts travel to the small intestine and become trophozoites in either the terminal ileum or colon (each cyst will produce eight trophozoites). Cysts can exist outside the human body for long periods of time (from days or even up to months in damp conditions and ideal temperatures), Unlike cysts, trophozoites cannot survive outside of this preferred environment, and will degrade very quickly if exposed to an outside environment. The incubation period of the amoeba can vary from a couple of days to as long as a year. Nonetheless, once in the small intestine, the trophozoites will attack the intestinal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only do they invade the gastrointestinal track, but trophozoites can also migrate to other organs of the body and cause infection there as well. Once in the colon of its host, the trophozoites will encyst again and exit the body through the stool<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. [5]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<br><i>E. histolytica</i> trophozoite.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<br><i>E. histolytica</i> trophozoite.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><b>Treatment</b></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><b>Treatment</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first successful treatment came about in 1912. Leonard Rogers used emetine. [5] Today, those identified as infected by <i>E. histolytica</i> are treated with two types of drugs. The first is an amoebicidal agent as well as a luminal-acting cysticidal agent. Physicians will usually use a CT to monitor the abdomen of an infected individual and use a catheter to drain fluid. For people with the identified infection, but who do not show symptoms, should still be put on a luminal agent as they pose a health risk to others. Furthermore, 4-10% of asymptomatic people will develop symptoms within a year of the infection. [3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first successful treatment came about in 1912. Leonard Rogers used emetine. [5] Today, those identified as infected by <i>E. histolytica</i> are treated with two types of drugs. The first is an amoebicidal agent as well as a luminal-acting cysticidal agent. Physicians will usually use a CT to monitor the abdomen of an infected individual and use a catheter to drain fluid. For people with the identified infection, but who do not show symptoms, should still be put on a luminal agent as they pose a health risk to others. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[2] </ins>Furthermore, 4-10% of asymptomatic people will develop symptoms within a year of the infection. [3]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Section 1==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Section 1==</div></td></tr>
</table>Hauserk