Apple mosaic virus

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A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Apple mosaic virus

Classification

Higher order taxa

Virus; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand virus; no DNA stage; Bromoviridae

Species

Apple Mosaic Virus RNA1, Apple Mosaic Virus RNA 2, Apple Mosaic RNA 3

NCBI: Taxonomy Genome

Description and significance

The apple mosaic virus is the agent for the apple mosaic disease. The apple mosaic virus is the most widespread apple virus. An apple tree infected with the ApMV will have pale to bright cream spots on the leaves. The distribution of the infected leaves may be depicted throughout the tree leaves or just a single tree limb. The ApMV infects U.S apple trees with the most infected being "Golden Delicious" and "Jonathan" apple trees. The virus is spread through through root grafting. Depending on how far the virus has spread, will determine the severity of apple loss. The apple mosaic virus is an important virus to study, since an infected apple tree results in decrease in crops.

Genome structure

The apple mosaic virus is a single molecule of linear, positive-sense, single stranded RNA. The complete sequence genome for apple mosaic virus RNA1, RNA 2, and RNA 3 have been sequenced. The characterized ApMV RNA 1 is 3,476 nucleotides long and ApMV RNA 2 is about 2,979 nucleotides long. Both ApMV RNA 1 and ApMV RNA2 encode a single large open reading frame. (shiel) While the apple mosaic virus RNA 3 complete sequence is about 2,056 nucleotides long. (source: NCBI: Taxonomy Genome) viral genome encodes structural and non-structural proteins; the ApMV 1 and ApMV 2 encodes 1 structural protein, while ApMV RNA 3 encodes 2 structural proteins. The apple mosaic virus contains no lipids present. (source: ICTVdB)

Cell structure and metabolism

The apple mosaic virions consist of an non-enveloped capsid. The capsid is round and pleomorphic shaped and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25 and 29nm. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. (source: ICTVdB) The amino acid squences encoded by RNA 1 and 2 are similar to other ilarviruses, but they are closely related to alfalfa mosaic virus. (shiel)

Viral Ecology

The apple mosaic virus is a plant virus that infects Malus domestica and Malus ssp. in the United States of America. (source: ICTVdB). The ApMV is closely related to Habitat; symbiosis; contributions to the environment.

Pathology

How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

Current Research

Enter summarries of the most rescent research here--at least three required

References

Alrefai, R. H., Shiel, P. J., Domier, L. L., D'Arcy, C. J., Berger, P. H., & Korban, S. S. (1994). The nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic virus coat protein gene has no similarity with other Bromoviridae coat . Journal of Virology , 75, 2847-2850.

Ansel-Mckinney, P., Scott, S., Swanson, M., Ge, X., & Gehrke, L. (1996). A plant viral coat protein RNA binding consensus sequence contains a crucial arginine. The Embo Journal , 15 (18), 5077-5084.

Bereger, P., & Shiel, P. (2000). The complete nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic virus (ApMV) RNA 1 and RNA 2: ApMV is more closely related to alfalfa mosaic virus than to other ilarviruses . Journal of General Virology (81), 273-278.

Clark, M., & Adams, A. (1977). Characteristics of the Microplate Method of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Dection of Plant Viruses. J.gen.Virol , 34, 475-483.

Halk, E. L., Hsu, H., Aebig, J., & Franke, J. (1984). Production of Monocional Antibodies Against Three Ilarviruses and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and Their Use in Sterotyping . The Americal Pytopathological Society , 74 (3), 367-372 .

Menzel, W., Jelkmann, W., & Maiss, E. (2002). Detection of four apple viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assays with coamplification of plant mRNA as internal control . Journal of Virological Methods , 99, 81-92.

Postman, J., & Cameron, H. (1987). Apple Mosaic Virus in U.S. Filbert Germ Plasm . Plant Disease , 71 (10), 944-945.

Sanchez-Navarro, J., & Pallas, V. (1994). Nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic ilarvirus RNA 4. Journal of General Virology , 75, 1441-1445.


Edited by student of Emily Lilly at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth