Application of Wolbachia in Invertebrate Vector Control: Difference between revisions

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6.  [http://www.nematodes.org/downloads_area/publications/2007/Fenn_2007_Wolbachia.pdf Fenn, K., Blaxter, M. Coexist, Cooperate and Thrive: Wolbachia as Long-Term Symbionts of Filarial Nematodes. (2007) Issues Infect Dis. Basel, Karger, 5, 66–76]
6.  [http://www.nematodes.org/downloads_area/publications/2007/Fenn_2007_Wolbachia.pdf Fenn, K., Blaxter, M. Coexist, Cooperate and Thrive: Wolbachia as Long-Term Symbionts of Filarial Nematodes. (2007) Issues Infect Dis. Basel, Karger, 5, 66–76]


7. J. L., Rasgon. Insect Symbiosis: Wolbachia and Anopheles mosquitoes. (2008).
7. [http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:u_ji9c5MEBAJ:jason.rasgon.googlepages.com/RasgonInsectSymbiosis2008.pdf+Insect+Symbiosis:+Wolbachia+and+Anopheles+mosquitoes&cd=1 J. L., Rasgon. Insect Symbiosis: Wolbachia and Anopheles mosquitoes. (2008).




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12. [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118504133/HTMLSTART Narita, S., Nomura, M., Kageyama, D. Naturally occurring single and double infection with Wolbachia strains in the butterfly Eurema hecabe: transmission efficiencies and population density dynamics of each Wolbachia strain] (2007). Microbiology Ecology, 61, 235 – 245]  
12. [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118504133/HTMLSTART Narita, S., Nomura, M., Kageyama, D. Naturally occurring single and double infection with Wolbachia strains in the butterfly Eurema hecabe: transmission efficiencies and population density dynamics of each Wolbachia strain (2007). Microbiology Ecology, 61, 235 – 245]  


13. Pannebakker, B.A., Schidlo, N.S., Boskamp, G.J.F., Dekker, L., Van Dooren, T.J.M., Beukeboom, L.W., Zwaan, B.J., Brakefield, P.M., Van Alphen, J.J.M., Sexual functionality of Leptopilina clavipes (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) after reversing Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis. (2005). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1019-1028.
13. [http://westgroup.biology.ed.ac.uk/BartP/Bart/Pannebakker_JEB_05.pdf Pannebakker, B.A., Schidlo, N.S., Boskamp, G.J.F., Dekker, L., Van Dooren, T.J.M., Beukeboom, L.W., Zwaan, B.J., Brakefield, P.M., Van Alphen, J.J.M., Sexual functionality of Leptopilina clavipes (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) after reversing Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis. (2005). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1019-1028]


14. Rasgon, J. L., Styer,  L.M.,  Scott, T. W. Wolbachia-Induced Mortality as a Mechanism to Modulate Pathogen Transmission by Vector Arthropods. (2003) Journal of Medical Entomology, 40, 125-132.
14. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12693838?dopt Rasgon, J. L., Styer,  L.M.,  Scott, T. W. Wolbachia-Induced Mortality as a Mechanism to Modulate Pathogen Transmission by Vector Arthropods. (2003) Journal of Medical Entomology, 40, 125-132]


15. [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/33/12534.full Ruang-areerate, T., Kittayapong, P., Wolbachia Transinfection in Aedes aegypti: A Potential Gene Driver of Dengue Vectors. (2006). PNAS, 103, 12534-12539]
15. [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/33/12534.full Ruang-areerate, T., Kittayapong, P., Wolbachia Transinfection in Aedes aegypti: A Potential Gene Driver of Dengue Vectors. (2006). PNAS, 103, 12534-12539]

Revision as of 19:31, 15 April 2009

By: Chinagozi Ugwu

Introduction to Wolbachia


Wolbachia are intracellular gram-negative bacteria that cause many physiological and reproductive effects. Many invertebrates are infected by wolbachia and the bacteria’s success may be credited to the diverse phenotypes that result from infection. The phenotypes range from mutualism to parasitism. Wolbachia has the ability to change chromosomal sex determination, kills males selectively, influence sperm competition and generate cytoplasmic incompatibility in early embryo, etc. Inheritance by maternally transmitting wolbachia through cytoplasm of eggs is also an effective infection pathway used by the bacteria.

In arthropods and many other invertebrates, Wolbachia can modify host reproduction in a variety of ways such as: reproductive incompatibility in most species; the lytokous parthenongenesis in haplodiploid species, male-killing in several insect and feminization of genetic males in isopod crustaceans. The facultative or obligate endosymbiont relationships between Wolbachia and their host allow them to persist in host populations but Wolbachia are hardly ever found to be beneficial to their. Recently, Wolbachia , was found to be medically important vector borne infections. These bacteria could be used for population replacement and suppression of vector organisms such Aedes aegypti mosquito which spreads dengue and yellow fever, Culex pipiens mosquito which spreads West Nile Virus and anopheles mosquito that act as the malaria and filarial vectors.

Physiological and reproductive Effects of Wolbachia


Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

Section 2


Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

Pathogen Exclusion in Vector Mosquitoes with Wolbachia


Mosquitoes are flying insects in the Culicidae family, with more than 2000 different species. The males and females mosquitoes both feed on nectar but the females of some species of mosquito are capable of sucking blood from humans and animals. The hematophagic activity of female mosquitoes is essential for production of eggs and has made them one of the deadliest known disease vectors that claim millions of lives each year. [1][2]


Mosquitoes act as vectors for a variety of parasites and pathogens. Many mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile Virus, Dengue Fever, Malaria, Yellow fever are transmitted by different species of mosquitoes. Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus and Dengue Fever are all caused by a family of viruses called Flaviviridae. Culex pipiens mosquitoes act as the primary vectors for the West Nile Virus in America while female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the disease vectors that transmit Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever. The vector-borne infectious disease, malaria can be caused by one of four types of Plasmodium parasites that can infect humans, with Plasmodium falciparum causing the most dangerous infection. Malaria is transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquito. [3]


Include some current research in each topic, with at least one figure showing data.

Conclusion


Overall paper length should be 3,000 words, with at least 3 figures.

References

1. L., Ayoub, N. A., Hayashi, C.Y., Russell, J.A., Stahlhut, J.K., Werren, J.H. Insight into the routes of Wolbachia invasion: high levels of horizontal transfer in the spider genus Agelenopsis revealed by Wolbachia strain and mitochondrial DNA diversity. (2007). Molecular Ecology, 17, 557 – 569.

2. Casiraghi, M., Bordenstein, S. R., Baldo, L., Lo, N., Beninati, T., Wernegreen, J. J., Werren, J. H., Bandi, C. Phylogeny of Wolbachia pipientis based on gltA, groEL and ftsZ gene sequences: clustering of arthropod and nematode symbionts in the F supergroup, and evidence for further diversity in the Wolbachia tree. (2005). Microbiology, 151, 4015-4022

3. Chauvatcharin, N., Ahantarig, A., Baimai, V., Kittayapong, P. Bacteriophage WO-B and Wolbachia in natural mosquito hosts: infection incidence, transmission mode and relative density. (2006). Molecular Ecology, 15, 2451-2461

4. P.E., McMeniman, C.J., O'Neill, S.L., Modifying Insect Population Age Structure to Control Vector-Borne Disease. (2008). Springer, 627, 126-140

5. Dedeine,F., Vavre, F., Fleury, F., Boulétreau, M., Loppin, B., Hochberg, M.E. Removing symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria specifically inhibits oogenesis in a parasitic wasp. (2001). PNAS 98: 6247-6252


6. Fenn, K., Blaxter, M. Coexist, Cooperate and Thrive: Wolbachia as Long-Term Symbionts of Filarial Nematodes. (2007) Issues Infect Dis. Basel, Karger, 5, 66–76

7. [http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:u_ji9c5MEBAJ:jason.rasgon.googlepages.com/RasgonInsectSymbiosis2008.pdf+Insect+Symbiosis:+Wolbachia+and+Anopheles+mosquitoes&cd=1 J. L., Rasgon. Insect Symbiosis: Wolbachia and Anopheles mosquitoes. (2008).


8. Kittayapong, P., Mongkalangoon, P., Baimai, V., O'Neill, SL. Host age effect and expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in field populations of Wolbachia-superinfected Aedes albopictus. (2002). Heredity, 88, 270–274


9. Koivisto, R. K. K., Braig, H. R. Microorganisms and parthenogenesis. (2003). Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 79, 43-58


10. Mavingui, P., Van, V.T., Labeyrie, E., Rancès, E., Vavre, F., Simonet, P. Efficient Procedure for Purification of Obligate Intracellular Wolbachia pipientis and Representative Amplification of Its Genome by Multiple-Displacement Amplification (2005). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 6910-6917

11. McMeniman, C. J., Lane, R. V., Cass, B. N., Fong, A. W.C., Sidhu. M., Wang, Y., O'Neill, S.L. Stable Introduction of a Life-Shortening Wolbachia Infection into the Mosquito Aedes aegypti. (2009). Science, 323, 141-144


12. Narita, S., Nomura, M., Kageyama, D. Naturally occurring single and double infection with Wolbachia strains in the butterfly Eurema hecabe: transmission efficiencies and population density dynamics of each Wolbachia strain (2007). Microbiology Ecology, 61, 235 – 245

13. Pannebakker, B.A., Schidlo, N.S., Boskamp, G.J.F., Dekker, L., Van Dooren, T.J.M., Beukeboom, L.W., Zwaan, B.J., Brakefield, P.M., Van Alphen, J.J.M., Sexual functionality of Leptopilina clavipes (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) after reversing Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis. (2005). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1019-1028

14. Rasgon, J. L., Styer, L.M., Scott, T. W. Wolbachia-Induced Mortality as a Mechanism to Modulate Pathogen Transmission by Vector Arthropods. (2003) Journal of Medical Entomology, 40, 125-132

15. Ruang-areerate, T., Kittayapong, P., Wolbachia Transinfection in Aedes aegypti: A Potential Gene Driver of Dengue Vectors. (2006). PNAS, 103, 12534-12539


16. Sun,.L. V., Riegler, M.,. O’Neill, S. L. Development of a Physical and Genetic Map of the VirulentWolbachia Strain wMelPop (2003). Journal of Bacteriology, 185, 7077-7084


17. Taylor, M. J., Bandi, C., Hoerauf, A. Wolbachia Bacterial Endosymbionts of Filarial Nematodes. (2005). Advances in Parasitology, 60, 245-284

18. Tiawsirisup, S., Sripatranusorn, S., Oraveerakul, K., Nuchprayoon, S. Distribution of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species and Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) infections during the bird immigration season in Pathumthani province, central Thailand. (2007). Parasitology Research


19. Viljakainen, L., Reuter, M., Pamilo, P. Wolbachia transmission dynamics in Formica wood ants. (2008). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1471-2148

20. Xi, Z., Khoo, C.C.H., Dobson, S.L. Interspecific transfer of Wolbachia into the mosquito disease vector Aedes albopictus. (2006). Proc Biol Sci, 273, 1317-1322


21. S., Riegler, M., Theodorakopoulou, M., Stauffer, C., Savakis, C., Bourtzis, K. Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility as a means for insect pest population control. (2004). PNAS, 101,15042-15045


22. Parthenogenesis

23. Mosquito-borne diseases

24. Mosquito

25. Wolbachia Website

26. Dengue Fever News



Edited by student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2009, Kenyon College.