Bacillus Subtilis Soil: Difference between revisions

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Domain: Bacteria; Phylum: Firmicutes; Class: Bacilli; Order: Bacillales; family: Bacillaceae; Genus: Bacillus
Domain: Bacteria; Phylum: Firmicutes; Class: Bacilli; Order: Bacillales; family: Bacillaceae; Genus: Bacillus


===Species===
===Species===              


{|
{|
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''Bacillus Subtilis''
''Bacillus Subtilis''
[[File:bs.jpg]]


==Habitat Information ==
==Habitat Information ==
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==Description and Significance==
==Description and Significance==
Describe the appearance (colonial and cellular), possible antimicrobial activity etc. of the organism, and why the organism might be significant.
 
The colonial appearance possesses a plaque color with no extracellular pigment. On a plate there is a plateu elevation and smooth margins. The colony has a bad smell to it. The colonies also form in a wide shape. The cellular appearance of the bacteria is rod-shaped and has a pinkish-blue color under a microscope. It is a motile organism. B. subtilis is gram positive and aerobic and catalase positive.  
The colonial appearance possesses a plaque color with no extracellular pigment. On a plate there is a plateu elevation and smooth margins. The colony has a bad smell to it. The colonies also form in a wide shape. The cellular appearance of the bacteria is rod-shaped and has a pinkish-blue color under a microscope. It is a motile organism. B. subtilis is gram positive and aerobic and catalase positive.  


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==Genome Structure==
==Genome Structure==
Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes?  Circular or linear? Other interesting features?  What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.
Describe the size and content of the genome.  Other interesting features?  What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.
 
B. subtilis chromosome is cingular and circular. It has 4,214,810 base pairs and 87% of the genome consists of protein-coding regions.
 
Sequence R
(Trimmed about 100 letters)
GGCGTACTCCCCAGGCGGAGTGCTTAATGCGTTAGCTGCAGCACTAAAGGGCGGAAACCCTCTA
ACACTTAGCACTCATCGTTTACGGCGTGGACTACCAGGGTATCTAATCCTGTTTGCTCCCCACGCTTTCGCGCCTCAGCG
TCAGTTACAGACCAGAGAGTCGCCTTCGCCACTGGTGTTCCTCCACATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACGTGGAATTC
CACTCTCCTCTTCTGCACTCAAGTCCCCCAGTTTCCAATGACCCTCCACGGTTGAGCCGTGGGCTTTCACATCAGACTTA
AAGGACCGCCTGCGCGCGCTTTACGCCCAATAATTCCGGACAACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACG
TAGTTAGCCGTGGCTTTCTGGTTAGGTACCGTCAAGGTACGAGCAGTTACTCTCGTACTTGTTCTTCCCTAACAACAGAG
CTTTACGACCCGAAGGCCTTCTTCGCTCACGCGGCGTTGCTCCGTCAGACTTTCGTCCATTGCGGAAGATTCCCTACTGC
TGCCTCCCGTAGGAGTCTGGGCCGTGTCTCAGTCCCAGTGTGGCCGATCACCCTCTCAGGTCGGCTACGCATCGTCGCCT
TGGTGAGCCGTTACCTCACCAACTAGCTAATGCGCCGCGGGTCCATCTGTAAGTGATAGCCGAAACCATCTTTCCATCTT
CTCTCATGCGAGAAAAGAAACTATCCGGTATTAGCTCCGGTTTCCCGAAGTTATCCCAGTCTTACAGGCAGGTTACCCAC
GTGTTACTCACCCGTCCGCCGCTAATCTCAGGGAGCAAGCTCCCATTGATTCGCTCGACTTGCATGTATTAGGCACGCCG
CCAGCGTTCGTCCTGAGCAG
 
 
Sequence F
(Trimmed about 25 letters)
CGGATTATTGGGCGTANGCGCGCGCAGGCGGTCCTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCACGGCTCA                [[File:PCR Bacillus Subtilus.jpg|thumb|PCR done in classs]] 
ACCGTGGAGGGTCATTGGAAACTGGGGGACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGAGAGTGGAATTCCACGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGT
AGAGATGTGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACTCTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAA
ACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGTGCTAAGTGTTAGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTTAGTGCTGCA
GCTAACGCATTAAGCACTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGCTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGC
GGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTCTGCCAACCCTAGAGATAGG
GCGTTCCCCTTCGGGGGACAGAGTGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCC
GCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGATCTTAGTTGCCAGCATTCAGTTGGGCACTCTAAGGTGACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGA
AGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGATGGTACAAAGAGCTGC
GAACCCGCGAGGGTAAGCGAATCTCATAAAGCCATTCTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGGCTGCAACTCGCCTACATGAAGCCGGA
ATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCATGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCACGAGAG
TTTGTAACACCCGAAGTCGGTGAGGTAACCTTTTGGAGCCAGCCGCCTAAGGTGGGATAGATGATTGGGGTGAAGTCGTA


The attached clip is the PCR done in class, and I believe this bacteria was in well 8.


==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==
==Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle==
B. subtilis is a prokaryotic cell, lacking membrane-bound organelles. It is flagellated which allows for it's motility. It is able to become resistant to salt when it forms into a spore. B. subtilis is an aerobic bacteria but is able to grow in anaerobic conditions, and has an ideal temperature of growth at 30-39 degrees Celsius. B. subtilis is able to complete glycolysis and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle because of its aerobic cellular respiration.  
B. subtilis is a prokaryotic cell, lacking membrane-bound organelles. It is flagellated which allows for it's motility. It is able to become resistant to salt when it forms into a spore. B. subtilis is an aerobic bacteria but is able to grow in anaerobic conditions, and has an ideal temperature of growth at 30-39 degrees Celsius. B. subtilis is able to complete glycolysis and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle because of its aerobic cellular respiration.  


It can ferment glucose, sucrose, but not lactose. B. subtilis can decarboxylate and ferment arginine. It tested negative for mannitol fermentation. It is unable to use citrate as a sole carb source. B. subtilis tested positive for oxidase, catalase and nitrate reduction. It can produce casease and amylase.  However, it is unable to produce DNAse, lipase, adentinase, and it tested negative for urea hydrolysis.
B. subtilis can ferment glucose, sucrose, but not lactose. B. subtilis can decarboxylate and ferment arginine. It tested negative for mannitol fermentation. It is unable to use citrate as a sole carb source.


The life cycle of B. subtilis consists of three different physiological processes; vegetative growth, sporulation and germination.
The life cycle of B. subtilis consists of three different physiological processes; vegetative growth, sporulation and germination.


[[http://www.The-key-stages-of-the-sporulation-cycle-in-Bacillus-subtilis-from-Figure-1-of-Errington.png]
[[File:The-key-stages-of-the-sporulation-cycle-in-Bacillus-subtilis-from-Figure-1-of-Errington.png]]


==Physiology and Pathogenesis==
==Physiology and Pathogenesis==
Biochemical characteristics, enzymes made, other characteristics that may be used to identify the organism; contributions to environment (if any).<br>
B. subtilis tested positive for oxidase, catalase and nitrate reduction. It can produce casease and amylase.  However, it is unable to produce DNAse, lipase, adentinase, and it tested negative for urea hydrolysis. The bacteria is unable to produce deaminase.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.<br><br>
 
B. subtilis is generally considered non-pathogenic and is non-toxic to both humans and animals. It is however able to contaminate food and cause food poisoning because the bacteria is able to live through the high cooking temperature, but it is rare.


==References==
==References==
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http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Bacillus_subtilis
http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Bacillus_subtilis
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/bacillus-subtilis-14199524530.html


==Author==
==Author==

Latest revision as of 06:15, 4 May 2018

This student page has not been curated.

Classification

Domain: Bacteria; Phylum: Firmicutes; Class: Bacilli; Order: Bacillales; family: Bacillaceae; Genus: Bacillus

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Bacillus Subtilis

Bs.jpg

Habitat Information

Date: January 26, 2018

Temperature: 63° F

Recent rainfall: 0 inches

Air Pressure: 30.18

Solar Radiation: 1021.8

Address: 901 W. Ben White Blvd, Austin, TX 78704

Name of soil type from NRCS map: Austin silty clay, 2-4% slopes, eroded

Unit key from NRCS map: AsC2

Location description: Outside of South Austin Medical Center, grass area between hospital and James Casey Dr, 1.5" to 2" deep from soil. The area is heavily walked on and does not appear to have much maintenance given by lanscaping.

Description and Significance

The colonial appearance possesses a plaque color with no extracellular pigment. On a plate there is a plateu elevation and smooth margins. The colony has a bad smell to it. The colonies also form in a wide shape. The cellular appearance of the bacteria is rod-shaped and has a pinkish-blue color under a microscope. It is a motile organism. B. subtilis is gram positive and aerobic and catalase positive.

B. subtilis is significant because B. subtilis is considered to be the best Gram-positive bacterium ever studied and is a model organism in the study of bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation. It is also able to transform itself into a dormant state in order to survive extreme environments, allowing it to be the longest bacteria to survive in space; it survived six years on a NASA satellite.

Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.

B. subtilis chromosome is cingular and circular. It has 4,214,810 base pairs and 87% of the genome consists of protein-coding regions.

Sequence R (Trimmed about 100 letters) GGCGTACTCCCCAGGCGGAGTGCTTAATGCGTTAGCTGCAGCACTAAAGGGCGGAAACCCTCTA ACACTTAGCACTCATCGTTTACGGCGTGGACTACCAGGGTATCTAATCCTGTTTGCTCCCCACGCTTTCGCGCCTCAGCG TCAGTTACAGACCAGAGAGTCGCCTTCGCCACTGGTGTTCCTCCACATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACGTGGAATTC CACTCTCCTCTTCTGCACTCAAGTCCCCCAGTTTCCAATGACCCTCCACGGTTGAGCCGTGGGCTTTCACATCAGACTTA AAGGACCGCCTGCGCGCGCTTTACGCCCAATAATTCCGGACAACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACG TAGTTAGCCGTGGCTTTCTGGTTAGGTACCGTCAAGGTACGAGCAGTTACTCTCGTACTTGTTCTTCCCTAACAACAGAG CTTTACGACCCGAAGGCCTTCTTCGCTCACGCGGCGTTGCTCCGTCAGACTTTCGTCCATTGCGGAAGATTCCCTACTGC TGCCTCCCGTAGGAGTCTGGGCCGTGTCTCAGTCCCAGTGTGGCCGATCACCCTCTCAGGTCGGCTACGCATCGTCGCCT TGGTGAGCCGTTACCTCACCAACTAGCTAATGCGCCGCGGGTCCATCTGTAAGTGATAGCCGAAACCATCTTTCCATCTT CTCTCATGCGAGAAAAGAAACTATCCGGTATTAGCTCCGGTTTCCCGAAGTTATCCCAGTCTTACAGGCAGGTTACCCAC GTGTTACTCACCCGTCCGCCGCTAATCTCAGGGAGCAAGCTCCCATTGATTCGCTCGACTTGCATGTATTAGGCACGCCG CCAGCGTTCGTCCTGAGCAG


Sequence F (Trimmed about 25 letters)

CGGATTATTGGGCGTANGCGCGCGCAGGCGGTCCTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCACGGCTCA

PCR done in classs

ACCGTGGAGGGTCATTGGAAACTGGGGGACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGAGAGTGGAATTCCACGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGT AGAGATGTGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACTCTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAA ACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGTGCTAAGTGTTAGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTTAGTGCTGCA GCTAACGCATTAAGCACTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGCTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGC GGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTCTGCCAACCCTAGAGATAGG GCGTTCCCCTTCGGGGGACAGAGTGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCC GCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGATCTTAGTTGCCAGCATTCAGTTGGGCACTCTAAGGTGACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGA AGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGATGGTACAAAGAGCTGC GAACCCGCGAGGGTAAGCGAATCTCATAAAGCCATTCTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGGCTGCAACTCGCCTACATGAAGCCGGA ATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCATGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCACGAGAG TTTGTAACACCCGAAGTCGGTGAGGTAACCTTTTGGAGCCAGCCGCCTAAGGTGGGATAGATGATTGGGGTGAAGTCGTA

The attached clip is the PCR done in class, and I believe this bacteria was in well 8.

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

B. subtilis is a prokaryotic cell, lacking membrane-bound organelles. It is flagellated which allows for it's motility. It is able to become resistant to salt when it forms into a spore. B. subtilis is an aerobic bacteria but is able to grow in anaerobic conditions, and has an ideal temperature of growth at 30-39 degrees Celsius. B. subtilis is able to complete glycolysis and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle because of its aerobic cellular respiration.

B. subtilis can ferment glucose, sucrose, but not lactose. B. subtilis can decarboxylate and ferment arginine. It tested negative for mannitol fermentation. It is unable to use citrate as a sole carb source.

The life cycle of B. subtilis consists of three different physiological processes; vegetative growth, sporulation and germination.

The-key-stages-of-the-sporulation-cycle-in-Bacillus-subtilis-from-Figure-1-of-Errington.png

Physiology and Pathogenesis

B. subtilis tested positive for oxidase, catalase and nitrate reduction. It can produce casease and amylase. However, it is unable to produce DNAse, lipase, adentinase, and it tested negative for urea hydrolysis. The bacteria is unable to produce deaminase.

B. subtilis is generally considered non-pathogenic and is non-toxic to both humans and animals. It is however able to contaminate food and cause food poisoning because the bacteria is able to live through the high cooking temperature, but it is rare.

References

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-key-stages-of-the-sporulation-cycle-in-Bacillus-subtilis-from-Figure-1-of-Errington_fig4_228795616

https://wickhamlabs.co.uk/technical-resource-centre/fact-sheet-bacillus-subtilis/

http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Bacillus_subtilis

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/bacillus-subtilis-14199524530.html

Author

Page authored by Laura Gomez, student of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.