https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&feed=atom&action=historyBdellovibrio - Revision history2024-03-28T17:55:00ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=79053&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* References */2012-12-23T03:44:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:44, 23 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l81">Line 81:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 81:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Schwudke, D., Linscheid, M., Strauch, E., Appel, B., Zahringer, U., Moll, H., et al. (2003, July 25). The Obligate Predatory Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Possesses a Neurtal Lid A Containing {-D-Mannoses That Replace Phosphate Residues. Biol. Chem, 278(30), 27502-27512. Retrieved November 10, 2006, from jbc ONLINE database: http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/30/27502</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Schwudke, D., Linscheid, M., Strauch, E., Appel, B., Zahringer, U., Moll, H., et al. (2003, July 25). The Obligate Predatory Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Possesses a Neurtal Lid A Containing {-D-Mannoses That Replace Phosphate Residues. Biol. Chem, 278(30), 27502-27512. Retrieved November 10, 2006, from jbc ONLINE database: http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/30/27502</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Edited by Swetha Desai, Krystina Eikeseth, Janice Silva, and Derron Simmonds- students of [http://www.sacredheart.edu/pages/1274_kirk_bartholomew_ph_d_.cfm Dr. Kirk Bartholomew]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=79035&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Higher order taxa */2012-12-19T18:53:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher order taxa</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:53, 19 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l13">Line 13:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genus: ''Bdellovibrio''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genus: ''Bdellovibrio''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Species: ''Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus'' [[File:Bdellovibriogif.gif|300px|thumb|right|A predatory ''Bdellovibrio'' bacterium lysing a prey ''E. coli'' cell. Adapted from University of Nottingham [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uZjo0ohjFw video]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Species: ''Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus'' [[File:Bdellovibriogif.gif|300px|thumb|right|A predatory ''Bdellovibrio'' bacterium lysing a prey ''E. coli'' cell. Adapted from University of Nottingham [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uZjo0ohjFw video]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bdellovibriopseudomonas</del>.png|300px|thumb|right|''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'' parasitizing a prey ''Pseudomonas'' bacterium. Obtained from [http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bdellovibrio2</ins>.png|300px|thumb|right|''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'' parasitizing a prey ''Pseudomonas'' bacterium. Obtained from [http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| height="10" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| height="10" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</div></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76490&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Higher order taxa */2012-12-07T18:38:04Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher order taxa</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:38, 7 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Family: Bdellovibrionaceae</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Family: Bdellovibrionaceae</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genus: ''Bdellovibrio''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genus: ''Bdellovibrio''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Species: ''Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus'' [[File:Bdellovibriogif.gif|300px|thumb|right|]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Species: ''Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus'' [[File:Bdellovibriogif.gif|300px|thumb|right|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A predatory ''Bdellovibrio'' bacterium lysing a prey ''E. coli'' cell. Adapted from University of Nottingham [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uZjo0ohjFw video]</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bdellovibriopseudomonas.png|300px|thumb|right|''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'' parasitizing a prey ''Pseudomonas'' bacterium. Obtained from [http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bdellovibriopseudomonas.png|300px|thumb|right|''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'' parasitizing a prey ''Pseudomonas'' bacterium. Obtained from [http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76489&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Higher order taxa */2012-12-07T18:37:03Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher order taxa</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:37, 7 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Family: Bdellovibrionaceae</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Family: Bdellovibrionaceae</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genus: ''Bdellovibrio''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genus: ''Bdellovibrio''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Species: ''Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus'' [[File:Bdellovibriopseudomonas.png|300px|thumb|right|''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'' parasitizing a prey ''Pseudomonas'' bacterium. Obtained from [http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Species: ''Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Bdellovibriogif.gif|300px|thumb|right|]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bdellovibriopseudomonas.png|300px|thumb|right|''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'' parasitizing a prey ''Pseudomonas'' bacterium. Obtained from [http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/b_bacter/b_bacter_home.htm] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| height="10" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| height="10" bgcolor="#FFDF95" |</div></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76299&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Description and significance */2012-12-04T19:21:22Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:21, 4 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. '' Bdellovibrio'' have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of ''Bdellovibrio'' is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type ''Bdellovibrio'' are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of ''Bdellovibrio'' on rich media in the lab. ''Bdellovibrio'' are normally grown in ''E. coli'' prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, ''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'', inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. '' Bdellovibrio'' have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of ''Bdellovibrio'' is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type ''Bdellovibrio'' are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of ''Bdellovibrio'' on rich media in the lab. ''Bdellovibrio'' are normally grown in ''E. coli'' prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, ''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'', inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76298&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Predatosome and Specialization */2012-12-04T19:19:24Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Predatosome and Specialization</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:19, 4 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l29">Line 29:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 29:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Predatosome and Specialization==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Predatosome and Specialization==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Bdellovibrio genome is of comparable size to many non-predatory bacteria; however, its composition is vastly different. The largest portion is dedicated to an essential group of proteins that constitute the heart of its predatory nature. The predatosome constitutes 40% of the B. bacteriovorus genome and includes genes that have roles in killing and digesting the prey, and regulatory genes that control the processes[[#References|[2]]]. With the exception of a single endosymbiont possessing a tiny genome, B. bacteriovorus has the highest density of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease protease] and peptidase genes reported[[#References|[4]]]. The predatosome includes 20 DNAses, 9 RNAses, 15 lipases, 10 glycanases, over 150 protease and peptidases, and 89 other hydrolases. This is in stark contrast to a non-predatory bacterium such as E. coli, with 3 DNAses, 8 RNAses, 2 lipases, and 60 proteases/peptidases mainly used for cellular remodeling[[#References|[6]]]. The numerous DNAses are a likely explanation for the lack of lateral gene transfer observed, as the prey genetic material is fully degraded leaving no genes intact to undergo transfer[[#References|[7]]]. Furthermore, B. bacteriovorus possesses only 11 of the essential amino acid synthesis pathways and is missing 10 amino acid degradation pathways[[#References|[4]]]. This dedication to the predatosome, as well as the very condensed and non-permissive nature of its genome towards other genetic elements indicates a high level of specialization and is consistent with Bdellovibrio’s obligate parasitic lifestyle. [[File:Proteaseactivity.png|450px|thumb|right|Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bonds in proteins incorporating a molecule of H2O to yield peptides or amino acid fragments. Proteases are specific in the type of residue they cut between, and a large array of proteases is required to ensure full hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acid residues.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>genome is of comparable size to many non-predatory bacteria; however, its composition is vastly different. The largest portion is dedicated to an essential group of proteins that constitute the heart of its predatory nature. The predatosome constitutes 40% of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>B. bacteriovorus<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>genome and includes genes that have roles in killing and digesting the prey, and regulatory genes that control the processes[[#References|[2]]]. With the exception of a single endosymbiont possessing a tiny genome, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>B. bacteriovorus<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>has the highest density of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease protease] and peptidase genes reported[[#References|[4]]]. The predatosome includes 20 DNAses, 9 RNAses, 15 lipases, 10 glycanases, over 150 protease and peptidases, and 89 other hydrolases. This is in stark contrast to a non-predatory bacterium such as E. coli, with 3 DNAses, 8 RNAses, 2 lipases, and 60 proteases/peptidases mainly used for cellular remodeling[[#References|[6]]]. The numerous DNAses are a likely explanation for the lack of lateral gene transfer observed, as the prey genetic material is fully degraded leaving no genes intact to undergo transfer[[#References|[7]]]. Furthermore, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>B. bacteriovorus<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>possesses only 11 of the essential amino acid synthesis pathways and is missing 10 amino acid degradation pathways[[#References|[4]]]. This dedication to the predatosome, as well as the very condensed and non-permissive nature of its genome towards other genetic elements indicates a high level of specialization and is consistent with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio’s<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>obligate parasitic lifestyle. [[File:Proteaseactivity.png|450px|thumb|right|Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bonds in proteins incorporating a molecule of H2O to yield peptides or amino acid fragments. Proteases are specific in the type of residue they cut between, and a large array of proteases is required to ensure full hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acid residues.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Biocontrol and therapeutic Agents==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Biocontrol and therapeutic Agents==</div></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76297&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Genome structure */2012-12-04T19:18:15Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Genome structure</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:18, 4 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l25">Line 25:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 25:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome structure==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome structure==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genome of ''B. bacterivorus'' has been recently published in 2004 by Rendulic ''et al.'' and has revealed a number of characteristics of, and mechanisms employed in its predatory lifestyle[[#References|[4]]]. After initial discovery by Hans Stolp in 1963 and a period of enthusiastic biochemical and physiological research, the effort substantially dropped. It wasn’t until recently with the advent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_genetics molecular genetics] and sequencing that work on Bdellovibrio has picked up[[#References|[6]]]. Sequencing of the HD(Host-Dependent)100 strain yielded a large 3.85Mb genome which was surprising considering the small size of the bacterium (0.2 to 0.5 μm by 0.5 to 2.5 μm)[[#References|[4]]],[[#References|[6]]]. The genome is devoid of any plasmids and contains only a single [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sequence IS element] and one [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophage prophage][[#References|[4]]]. The G/C content of the genome was also fairly constant among all genes which indicates that no lateral gene transfers have occurred in recent times[[#References|[7]]], despite being in constant contact with prey genomes containing high G/C content[[#References|[4]]],[[#References|[6]]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genome of ''B. bacterivorus'' has been recently published in 2004 by Rendulic ''et al.'' and has revealed a number of characteristics of, and mechanisms employed in its predatory lifestyle[[#References|[4]]]. After initial discovery by Hans Stolp in 1963 and a period of enthusiastic biochemical and physiological research, the effort substantially dropped. It wasn’t until recently with the advent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_genetics molecular genetics] and sequencing that work on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>has picked up[[#References|[6]]]. Sequencing of the HD(Host-Dependent)100 strain yielded a large 3.85Mb genome which was surprising considering the small size of the bacterium (0.2 to 0.5 μm by 0.5 to 2.5 μm)[[#References|[4]]],[[#References|[6]]]. The genome is devoid of any plasmids and contains only a single [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sequence IS element] and one [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophage prophage][[#References|[4]]]. The G/C content of the genome was also fairly constant among all genes which indicates that no lateral gene transfers have occurred in recent times[[#References|[7]]], despite being in constant contact with prey genomes containing high G/C content[[#References|[4]]],[[#References|[6]]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[image:bdello_new.gif|left|thumb|300px|[[help:contents|Reprinted with permission from G. O'Toole & D. Kadouri, Dartmouth Medical School]]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[image:bdello_new.gif|left|thumb|300px|[[help:contents|Reprinted with permission from G. O'Toole & D. Kadouri, Dartmouth Medical School]]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76296&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Description and significance */2012-12-04T19:17:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:17, 4 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. '' Bdellovibrio'' have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of ''Bdellovibrio'' is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type ''Bdellovibrio'' are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of ''Bdellovibrio'' on rich media in the lab. ''Bdellovibrio'' are normally grown in E. coli prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, ''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'', inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. '' Bdellovibrio'' have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of ''Bdellovibrio'' is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type ''Bdellovibrio'' are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of ''Bdellovibrio'' on rich media in the lab. ''Bdellovibrio'' are normally grown in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>E. coli<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, ''Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus'', inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76295&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Description and significance */2012-12-04T19:16:48Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:16, 4 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. '' Bdellovibrio'' have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of Bdellovibrio is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type Bdellovibrio are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of Bdellovibrio on rich media in the lab. Bdellovibrio are normally grown in E. coli prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus, inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. '' Bdellovibrio'' have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>on rich media in the lab. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>are normally grown in E. coli prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>, inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arifhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Bdellovibrio&diff=76294&oldid=prevArif.ahmad.arif: /* Description and significance */2012-12-04T19:16:12Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:16, 4 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>Bdellovibrio have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of Bdellovibrio is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type Bdellovibrio are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of Bdellovibrio on rich media in the lab. Bdellovibrio are normally grown in E. coli prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus, inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bdellovibrio is a genus of small, highly motile, vibrio shaped, monoflagellated, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria gram negative] bacteria of the class [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Proteobacteria delta-proteobacteria] with the ability to parasitize and kill other gram negative bacteria[[#References|[1]]]. This includes many pathogens, a few of the genera being: ''Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Legionella,'' and ''Shigella''[[#References|[1]]]. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>Bdellovibrio<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>have what is described as a biphasic lifestyle with a motile, free-living “hunting” phase and an intra-cellular parasitizing growth phase [[#References|[1]]],[[#References|[2]]]. The intra-cellular phase of Bdellovibrio is restricted to the periplasm, where the prey’s physiology is modified to suit the predator, forming a distinctive bdelloplast[[#References|[5]]]. Wild type Bdellovibrio are obligate parasites and must live out part of their lives in a host or die[[#References|[4]]]; however, researchers have been able to artificially culture certain strains of Bdellovibrio on rich media in the lab. Bdellovibrio are normally grown in E. coli prey cultures in the lab, and colonies are isolated from plaques in confluent lawns of prey culture, similar to viruses[[#References|[2]]]. The most widespread species, Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus, inhabits a wide range of environments such as freshwater, brackish water, seawater, sewage, water pipes, animal intestines and other water reservoirs[[#References|[3]]],[[#References|[8]]]. [[File:Bdellovibriolifecycle.png|300px|thumb|right|Typical Life cycle of B. Bacteriovorus. This includes the free living parasitic phase and the lab induced host-independent phase. Reprinted from [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008599 Lambert ''et. al'' DOI: 10.1371] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This bacterium is also commonly found in man-made habitats, the rhizosphere of plant roots, and soil. It has also been observed to reside in the intestinal tract of certain mammals where it reduces pathogens in the intestines. ''B. bacteriovorus'' is useful in the purification of waste water because it decreases gram-negative bacterial counts.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Arif.ahmad.arif