Candidatus Scalindua: Difference between revisions

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=Ecology and Significance=
=Ecology and Significance=


Ca. Scalindua sp. can grow optimally in a pH range of 6.0-8.5 and in a temperature range of 10-30 oC. The Growth salinity (%) or level of salinity (mmol) is  range of 1.5-4.0. It can tolerance 7.5(mM) Nitrite and 16(mM) Ammonium in the environment.(4-6)
Ca. Scalindua sp. can grow optimally in a pH range of 6.0-8.5 and in a temperature range of 10-30 oC. The Growth salinity (%) or level of salinity (mmol) is  range of 1.5-4.0. It can tolerance 7.5(mM) Nitrite and 16(mM) Ammonium in the environment.(4-6) This microorganism is a halophilic bacteriua and it has higher affinity for nitrite and a lower growth rate than the other known anammox bacteria. It can also tolerance low temperature and maintain the anammox activity. These physiological characteristics can explain why the “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” can have advantage in marine sediments()


=Genome Structure=
=Genome Structure=

Revision as of 17:38, 13 May 2015

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Classification

Domain: Bacteria

Phylum: Planctomycetes

Class: Planctomycetacia

Order: Planctomycetales Family: Brocadiaceae

Genus: Scalindua

Species: Candidatus Scalindua

NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=236756&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock

Description

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria use ammonium and nitrite and produce dinitrogen gas under anoxic Conditions.(1) This anammox reation is also a new short-cut process in nitrogen cycle. The “Candidatus Scalindua” group is primarily found in marine environments. It contains taxonomically diverse members, while only a few them have been successfully grown in enrichment cultures.(2) The Physiological characteristics of Candidatus Scalindua affiliated to Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been demonstrated only partially compared with the other anammox bacteria which can be found in fresh water.(3,4)

Transmission electron micrographs of “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” enriched in the MBR, showing the cells which were about to be divided [1F]

Ecology and Significance

Ca. Scalindua sp. can grow optimally in a pH range of 6.0-8.5 and in a temperature range of 10-30 oC. The Growth salinity (%) or level of salinity (mmol) is range of 1.5-4.0. It can tolerance 7.5(mM) Nitrite and 16(mM) Ammonium in the environment.(4-6) This microorganism is a halophilic bacteriua and it has higher affinity for nitrite and a lower growth rate than the other known anammox bacteria. It can also tolerance low temperature and maintain the anammox activity. These physiological characteristics can explain why the “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” can have advantage in marine sediments()

Genome Structure

Metabolism

References

[1] Nitrogen removal by a nitritation-anammox bioreactor at low temperature. Hu Z1, Lotti T, de Kreuk M, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht M, Kruit J, Jetten MS, Kartal B.

[2]Physiological Characterization of an Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacterium Belonging to the “Candidatus Scalindua” Group Takanori Awataa, Mamoru Oshikib, Tomonori Kindaichia, Noriatsu Ozakia, Akiyoshi Ohashia and Satoshi Okabeb

[3]Nakajima J, Sakka M, Kimura T, Furukawa K, Sakka K. 2008. Enrichment of anammox bacteria from marine environment for the construction of a bioremediation reactor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 77:1159–1166.

[4]van de Vossenberg J, Rattray JE, Geerts W, Kartal B, van Niftrik L, van Donselaar EG, Damsté JSS, Strous M, Jetten MSM. 2008. Enrichment and characterization of marine anammox bacteria associated with global nitrogen gas production. Environ. Microbiol. 10:3120–3129.

[5]van de Vossenberg J, Woebken D, Maalcke WJ, Wessels HJCT, Dutilh BE, Kartal B, Janssen-Megens EM, Roeselers G, Yan J, Speth D, Gloerich J, Geerts W, van der Biezen E, Pluk W, Francoijs KJ, Russ L, Lam P, Malfatti SA, Tringe SG, Haaijer SCM, Op den Camp HJM, Stunnenberg HG, Amann R, Kuypers MMM, Jetten MSM. 9 May 2012. The metagenome of the marine anammox bacterium ‘Candidatus Scalindua profunda’ illustrates the versatility of this globally important nitrogen

[6]Strous M, Heijnen JJ, Kuenen JG, Jetten MSM. 1998. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50:589–596.

Figures

[1]

Author

Page authored by Minghung Hsu, student of Prof. Katherine Mcmahon at University of Wisconsin - Madison.