Chimpanzee Evolution: Difference between revisions

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The evolution of chimpanzees is thought to have begun, like that of many other primates, with the divergence of platyrrhines (also known as New World monkeys) and catarrhines (a group containing Old World monkeys and apes) 25-40 million years ago <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207003673 Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Primate evolution - In and out of Africa. Curr Biol. 1998;8(16):582–8.]</ref>
The evolution of chimpanzees is thought to have begun, like that of many other primates, with the divergence of platyrrhines (also known as New World monkeys) and catarrhines (a group containing Old World monkeys and apes) 25-40 million years ago <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207003673 Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Primate evolution - In and out of Africa. Curr Biol. 1998;8(16):582–8.]</ref>


This was followed by a divergence in the catarrhines, forming the Hominoidea (ape) and Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkey) groups 23 million years ago. <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248404001666?casa_token=uz3pgX8ckB8AAAAA:LcGJiaqHBe-Xl4i_dq39AsQ6j236VPkcj_mBQLjJRjvPPJKamjZDkAne7Zzpl0vZvwhWhLsOrg Raaum RL, Sterner KN, Noviello CM, Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Catarrhine primate divergence dates estimated from complete mitochondrial genomes: Concordance with fossil and nuclear DNA evidence. J Hum Evol. 2005;48(3):237–57.]</ref> It is estimated that the genera <i>Homo</i> and <i>Pan</i> diverged 5-6 million years ago, followed by a split in the genus Pan roughly 2.4 million years ago, eventually culminating into the chimpanzees and bonobos present today (Fig. 2).  
This was followed by a divergence in the catarrhines, forming the Hominoidea (ape) and Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkey) groups 23 million years ago. <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248404001666?casa_token=uz3pgX8ckB8AAAAA:LcGJiaqHBe-Xl4i_dq39AsQ6j236VPkcj_mBQLjJRjvPPJKamjZDkAne7Zzpl0vZvwhWhLsOrg Raaum RL, Sterner KN, Noviello CM, Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Catarrhine primate divergence dates estimated from complete mitochondrial genomes: Concordance with fossil and nuclear DNA evidence. J Hum Evol. 2005;48(3):237–57.]</ref> It is estimated that the genera <i>Homo</i> and <i>Pan</i> diverged 5-6 million years ago, followed by a split in the genus Pan roughly 2.4 million years ago, eventually culminating into the chimpanzees and bonobos present today (Fig. 2).  
<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/1/615/984161 Bjork A, Liu W, Wertheim JO, Hahn BH, Worobey M. Evolutionary history of chimpanzees inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28(1):615–23.]</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248404001666?casa_token=uz3pgX8ckB8AAAAA:LcGJiaqHBe-Xl4i_dq39AsQ6j236VPkcj_mBQLjJRjvPPJKamjZDkAne7Zzpl0vZvwhWhLsOrg Raaum RL, Sterner KN, Noviello CM, Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Catarrhine primate divergence dates estimated from complete mitochondrial genomes: Concordance with fossil and nuclear DNA evidence. J Hum Evol. 2005;48(3):237–57.]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207003673 Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Primate evolution - In and out of Africa. Curr Biol. 1998;8(16):582–8.]</ref><ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/31927/Kumar S, Hedges SB. A molecular timescale for vertebrate development. Nature [Internet]. 1998;392:917–20.]</ref>
<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/1/615/984161 Bjork A, Liu W, Wertheim JO, Hahn BH, Worobey M. Evolutionary history of chimpanzees inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28(1):615–23.]</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248404001666?casa_token=uz3pgX8ckB8AAAAA:LcGJiaqHBe-Xl4i_dq39AsQ6j236VPkcj_mBQLjJRjvPPJKamjZDkAne7Zzpl0vZvwhWhLsOrg Raaum RL, Sterner KN, Noviello CM, Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Catarrhine primate divergence dates estimated from complete mitochondrial genomes: Concordance with fossil and nuclear DNA evidence. J Hum Evol. 2005;48(3):237–57.]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982207003673 Stewart CB, Disotell TR. Primate evolution - In and out of Africa. Curr Biol. 1998;8(16):582–8.]</ref><ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/31927/Kumar S, Hedges SB. A molecular timescale for vertebrate development. Nature [Internet]. 1998;392:917–20.]</ref>



Revision as of 18:04, 8 December 2020

Introduction and Early Evolution

Pan troglodytes, better known as chimpanzees, are a species of great ape widely regarded as the closest living relatives to bonobos (Pan paniscus) and one of the closest living relatives to humans (Homo sapiens; Fig. 1).[1][2]

Fig. 1: Adult male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes); photo taken 26 October 2006 in Shanghai Wildlife Park, Shanghai, China. Photographer: David Blank[1].

The evolution of chimpanzees is thought to have begun, like that of many other primates, with the divergence of platyrrhines (also known as New World monkeys) and catarrhines (a group containing Old World monkeys and apes) 25-40 million years ago [3]

This was followed by a divergence in the catarrhines, forming the Hominoidea (ape) and Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkey) groups 23 million years ago. [4] It is estimated that the genera Homo and Pan diverged 5-6 million years ago, followed by a split in the genus Pan roughly 2.4 million years ago, eventually culminating into the chimpanzees and bonobos present today (Fig. 2). [5][6] [7][8]

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Fig. 2: Phylogenetic relationships and classification of primates. This figure was included in H. W. Greene's "Evolutionary Scenarios and Primate Natural History," published in 2017. [2].


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Edited by [Author Name], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2020, Kenyon College.