https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&feed=atom&action=historyConexibacter - Revision history2024-03-28T10:30:30ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114275&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Metabolism */2015-05-10T00:25:58Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Metabolism=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Metabolism=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Conexibacter'' species are characterized as strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophs. They are saccharolytic, utilizing the hydrolysis of carbohydrates as their primary source of energy and carbon. They are known to be very slow growing, with ''C. arvalis'' taking 14 days to sufficiently cultivate in pure culture. This may be indicative of their type of metabolism and could suggest that they may be dependent on symbiotic organisms for the degradation of more complex materials to increase carbohydrate availability. One interesting feature present in both species is the ability to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This ability, coupled with the lack of cytochrome c oxidase in ''C. arvalis'' may suggest the possibility of anaerobic respiration occurring in oxygen limiting conditions using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. More research on the genus must be preformed to verify the activity of potential pathways described in the ''C. woesei'' genome.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Conexibacter'' species are characterized as strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophs. They are saccharolytic, utilizing the hydrolysis of carbohydrates as their primary source of energy and carbon.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> </ins>They are known to be very slow growing, with ''C. arvalis'' taking 14 days to sufficiently cultivate in pure culture.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup> </ins>This may be indicative of their type of metabolism and could suggest that they may be dependent on symbiotic organisms for the degradation of more complex materials to increase carbohydrate availability. One interesting feature present in both species is the ability to reduce nitrate into nitrite.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup> </ins>This ability, coupled with the lack of cytochrome c oxidase in ''C. arvalis'' may suggest the possibility of anaerobic respiration occurring in oxygen limiting conditions using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. More research on the genus must be preformed to verify the activity of potential pathways described in the ''C. woesei'' genome.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114274&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Description */2015-05-10T00:24:19Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Description= </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Description= </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter flagella.jpeg|thumb|right|300px|Entangled ''C. woesei'' flagella. Individual bacteria exhibit peritrichous long flagella (a). After a longer period of growth, bacteria form aggregates (b) and, due to self-aggregation of flagella, they exhibit an undulating networklike structure with entangled bacteria (c–e). Bars, 5 &micro;m (a), 3 &micro;m (c, d) and 1 &micro;m (b, e). <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> (2F)]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter flagella.jpeg|thumb|right|300px|Entangled ''C. woesei'' flagella. Individual bacteria exhibit peritrichous long flagella (a). After a longer period of growth, bacteria form aggregates (b) and, due to self-aggregation of flagella, they exhibit an undulating networklike structure with entangled bacteria (c–e). Bars, 5 &micro;m (a), 3 &micro;m (c, d) and 1 &micro;m (b, e). <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> (2F)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bacteria of the genus ''Conexibacter'' are characterized as small rods with width of 0.6-0.7 &micro;m and length of 0.9-1.2 &micro;m. They are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating and are motile by characteristic long peritrichous flagella. The type strain of this genus is ''Conexibacter woesei'' named in honor of Carl R. Woese, a pioneer with his work on the use of 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analysis. ''C. woesei'' was isolated from forest soil in Gerenzano, Italy and grows optimally at pH 7-7.5 and at 28-37&ordm;C. <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bacteria of the genus ''Conexibacter'' are characterized as small rods with width of 0.6-0.7 &micro;m and length of 0.9-1.2 &micro;m. They are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating and are motile by characteristic long peritrichous flagella. The type strain of this genus is ''Conexibacter woesei'' named in honor of Carl R. Woese, a pioneer with his work on the use of 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analysis. ''C. woesei'' was isolated from forest soil in Gerenzano, Italy and grows optimally at pH 7-7.5 and at 28-37&ordm;C. <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114273&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Description */2015-05-10T00:23:59Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Description= </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Description= </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter flagella.jpeg|thumb|right|300px|Entangled ''C. woesei'' flagella. Individual bacteria exhibit peritrichous long flagella (a). After a longer period of growth, bacteria form aggregates (b) and, due to self-aggregation of flagella, they exhibit an undulating networklike structure with entangled bacteria (c–e). Bars, 5 &micro;m (a), 3 &micro;m (c, d) and 1 &micro;m (b, e). <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>2F<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</del>]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter flagella.jpeg|thumb|right|300px|Entangled ''C. woesei'' flagella. Individual bacteria exhibit peritrichous long flagella (a). After a longer period of growth, bacteria form aggregates (b) and, due to self-aggregation of flagella, they exhibit an undulating networklike structure with entangled bacteria (c–e). Bars, 5 &micro;m (a), 3 &micro;m (c, d) and 1 &micro;m (b, e). <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>2F<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bacteria of the genus ''Conexibacter'' are characterized as small rods with width of 0.6-0.7 &micro;m and length of 0.9-1.2 &micro;m. They are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating and are motile by characteristic long peritrichous flagella. The type strain of this genus is ''Conexibacter woesei'' named in honor of Carl R. Woese, a pioneer with his work on the use of 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analysis. ''C. woesei'' was isolated from forest soil in Gerenzano, Italy and grows optimally at pH 7-7.5 and at 28-37&ordm;C. <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bacteria of the genus ''Conexibacter'' are characterized as small rods with width of 0.6-0.7 &micro;m and length of 0.9-1.2 &micro;m. They are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating and are motile by characteristic long peritrichous flagella. The type strain of this genus is ''Conexibacter woesei'' named in honor of Carl R. Woese, a pioneer with his work on the use of 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analysis. ''C. woesei'' was isolated from forest soil in Gerenzano, Italy and grows optimally at pH 7-7.5 and at 28-37&ordm;C. <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114272&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Genome Structure */2015-05-10T00:23:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Genome Structure</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Genome Structure=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Genome Structure=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter Genome.png|thumb|200px|''C. woesei'' complete genome <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>3F<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter Genome.png|thumb|200px|''C. woesei'' complete genome <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>3F<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The complete genome of ''Conexibacter woesei'' was published in 2010. The genome size is 6,359,369 bp with a DNA G+C content of 72.73%. There are 5,998 genes with 5,950 of them being protein coding genes. A few protein coding genes to note are multiple nitrate reductases, nitrate transporters, and multiple antibiotic and antibiotic-resistance genes in addition to general carbohydrate degradation pathway genes. This supports the literature claim that this isolate is capable of nitrate reduction. Another interesting thing about this genome is the presence of genes coding for cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase, in addition to the standard aerobic cytochrome c oxidase coding genes. The cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase coding genes may be conserved in ''C. arvalis'', providing a potential explanation to its negative oxidase test result. The genome additionally describes potential gene products having the capacity of drug resistance, symbiosis, and opportunistic pathogenicity.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The complete genome of ''Conexibacter woesei'' was published in 2010. The genome size is 6,359,369 bp with a DNA G+C content of 72.73%. There are 5,998 genes with 5,950 of them being protein coding genes. A few protein coding genes to note are multiple nitrate reductases, nitrate transporters, and multiple antibiotic and antibiotic-resistance genes in addition to general carbohydrate degradation pathway genes. This supports the literature claim that this isolate is capable of nitrate reduction. Another interesting thing about this genome is the presence of genes coding for cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase, in addition to the standard aerobic cytochrome c oxidase coding genes. The cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase coding genes may be conserved in ''C. arvalis'', providing a potential explanation to its negative oxidase test result. The genome additionally describes potential gene products having the capacity of drug resistance, symbiosis, and opportunistic pathogenicity.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114271&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Classification */2015-05-10T00:23:11Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Classification</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Classification=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Classification=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter phylogeny.png|thumb|400px|16S rRNA neighbour-joining tree of ''Conexibacter'' species and related species <sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>1F<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Conexibacter phylogeny.png|thumb|400px|16S rRNA neighbour-joining tree of ''Conexibacter'' species and related species <sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>1F<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Domain''': ''Bacteria''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Domain''': ''Bacteria''</div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114270&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Ecology and Significance */2015-05-10T00:22:00Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ecology and Significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-content" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:22, 10 May 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l39">Line 39:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Though ''Conexibacter'' species have not been extensively studied, there are a few studies that have provided hints to its significance in both its environment and for human utilization. ''Conexibacter'' are strictly aerobic and can reduce nitrate to nitrite which suggests they may play a role in the nitrification process, especially in oxygen limiting states. Their ability to reduce nitrate is also what makes them most intriguing for industrial applications such as bio-remediation. However due to their slow growth rate there are likely better suited organisms available. In addition potentially aiding in the nitrogen cycling of soil they are also characterized as saccharolytic, meaning they get their carbon and energy primarily from carbohydrate hydrolysis. This ability indicates that they likely contribute to carbon cycling in soil ecosystems.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Though ''Conexibacter'' species have not been extensively studied, there are a few studies that have provided hints to its significance in both its environment and for human utilization. ''Conexibacter'' are strictly aerobic and can reduce nitrate to nitrite which suggests they may play a role in the nitrification process, especially in oxygen limiting states. Their ability to reduce nitrate is also what makes them most intriguing for industrial applications such as bio-remediation. However due to their slow growth rate there are likely better suited organisms available. In addition potentially aiding in the nitrogen cycling of soil they are also characterized as saccharolytic, meaning they get their carbon and energy primarily from carbohydrate hydrolysis. This ability indicates that they likely contribute to carbon cycling in soil ecosystems.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Conexibacter'' have been identified by isolation from Italian forest soil and Japanese field soil.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup> In addition to isolation, there have been a number of metagenomic studies that have identified the presence of ''Conexibater'' species in many various environments. These environments include soil, soil crusts, sediment, rhizosphere, acidic ''Sphagnum'' peat bog, and permafrost from Russia and Alaska.<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3</del>]]]</sup> Though their ideal temperature ranges were reported to be 28-37&ordm;C both ''C. woesei'' and ''C. arvalis'' were reported to grow at temperatures as low was 4&ordm;C. In the Alaskan permafrost metagenomic study it was found that a ''Conexibacter'' was, with ''Spartobacteria'', the most dominant genera in a long-thawed sample of tundra located in the frozen portion of the soil organic horizon. Their role in this environment is unknown however it is believed that their slow growth and high G+C content may factor into their survival at such harsh conditions. It is predicted that they are contributing to carbon cycling in soil. Interestingly, the layer of the soil that ''Conexibacter'' was found to be dominant was also the most nitrogen rich as well, suggesting that its ability to reduce soil nitrates may provide a competitive edge in certain environmental conditions.<sup>[[#References|[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4</del>]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Conexibacter'' have been identified by isolation from Italian forest soil and Japanese field soil.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup> In addition to isolation, there have been a number of metagenomic studies that have identified the presence of ''Conexibater'' species in many various environments. These environments include soil, soil crusts, sediment, rhizosphere, acidic ''Sphagnum'' peat bog, and permafrost from Russia and Alaska.<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4</ins>]]]</sup> Though their ideal temperature ranges were reported to be 28-37&ordm;C both ''C. woesei'' and ''C. arvalis'' were reported to grow at temperatures as low was 4&ordm;C. In the Alaskan permafrost metagenomic study it was found that a ''Conexibacter'' was, with ''Spartobacteria'', the most dominant genera in a long-thawed sample of tundra located in the frozen portion of the soil organic horizon. Their role in this environment is unknown however it is believed that their slow growth and high G+C content may factor into their survival at such harsh conditions. It is predicted that they are contributing to carbon cycling in soil. Interestingly, the layer of the soil that ''Conexibacter'' was found to be dominant was also the most nitrogen rich as well, suggesting that its ability to reduce soil nitrates may provide a competitive edge in certain environmental conditions.<sup>[[#References|[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3</ins>]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' is a very intriguing genus with organisms that have unique capabilities. They are believed to contribute to carbon cycling in soil environments and have the potential to also be contributing to nitrogen cycling. The nitrate reduction ability combined with their general hardiness makes them unique candidates from nitrate bio-remediation in psychotropic environments once more is understood about their metabolic capabilities. Though they are believed to have little significance at present, with more research they may play a significant role in bio-remediation in the future.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' is a very intriguing genus with organisms that have unique capabilities. They are believed to contribute to carbon cycling in soil environments and have the potential to also be contributing to nitrogen cycling. The nitrate reduction ability combined with their general hardiness makes them unique candidates from nitrate bio-remediation in psychotropic environments once more is understood about their metabolic capabilities. Though they are believed to have little significance at present, with more research they may play a significant role in bio-remediation in the future.</div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114269&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Ecology and Significance */2015-05-10T00:21:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ecology and Significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:21, 10 May 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l39">Line 39:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Though ''Conexibacter'' species have not been extensively studied, there are a few studies that have provided hints to its significance in both its environment and for human utilization. ''Conexibacter'' are strictly aerobic and can reduce nitrate to nitrite which suggests they may play a role in the nitrification process, especially in oxygen limiting states. Their ability to reduce nitrate is also what makes them most intriguing for industrial applications such as bio-remediation. However due to their slow growth rate there are likely better suited organisms available. In addition potentially aiding in the nitrogen cycling of soil they are also characterized as saccharolytic, meaning they get their carbon and energy primarily from carbohydrate hydrolysis. This ability indicates that they likely contribute to carbon cycling in soil ecosystems.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Though ''Conexibacter'' species have not been extensively studied, there are a few studies that have provided hints to its significance in both its environment and for human utilization. ''Conexibacter'' are strictly aerobic and can reduce nitrate to nitrite which suggests they may play a role in the nitrification process, especially in oxygen limiting states. Their ability to reduce nitrate is also what makes them most intriguing for industrial applications such as bio-remediation. However due to their slow growth rate there are likely better suited organisms available. In addition potentially aiding in the nitrogen cycling of soil they are also characterized as saccharolytic, meaning they get their carbon and energy primarily from carbohydrate hydrolysis. This ability indicates that they likely contribute to carbon cycling in soil ecosystems.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Conexibacter'' have been identified by isolation from Italian forest soil and Japanese field soil. In addition to isolation, there have been a number of metagenomic studies that have identified the presence of ''Conexibater'' species in many various environments. These environments include soil, soil crusts, sediment, rhizosphere, acidic ''Sphagnum'' peat bog, and permafrost from Russia and Alaska. Though their ideal temperature ranges were reported to be 28-37&ordm;C both ''C. woesei'' and ''C. arvalis'' were reported to grow at temperatures as low was 4&ordm;C. In the Alaskan permafrost metagenomic study it was found that a ''Conexibacter'' was, with ''Spartobacteria'', the most dominant genera in a long-thawed sample of tundra located in the frozen portion of the soil organic horizon. Their role in this environment is unknown however it is believed that their slow growth and high G+C content may factor into their survival at such harsh conditions. It is predicted that they are contributing to carbon cycling in soil. Interestingly, the layer of the soil that ''Conexibacter'' was found to be dominant was also the most nitrogen rich as well, suggesting that its ability to reduce soil nitrates may provide a competitive edge in certain environmental conditions.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup></del><sup>[[#References|[4<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5</del>]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Conexibacter'' have been identified by isolation from Italian forest soil and Japanese field soil.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup> </ins>In addition to isolation, there have been a number of metagenomic studies that have identified the presence of ''Conexibater'' species in many various environments. These environments include soil, soil crusts, sediment, rhizosphere, acidic ''Sphagnum'' peat bog, and permafrost from Russia and Alaska.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup> </ins>Though their ideal temperature ranges were reported to be 28-37&ordm;C both ''C. woesei'' and ''C. arvalis'' were reported to grow at temperatures as low was 4&ordm;C. In the Alaskan permafrost metagenomic study it was found that a ''Conexibacter'' was, with ''Spartobacteria'', the most dominant genera in a long-thawed sample of tundra located in the frozen portion of the soil organic horizon. Their role in this environment is unknown however it is believed that their slow growth and high G+C content may factor into their survival at such harsh conditions. It is predicted that they are contributing to carbon cycling in soil. Interestingly, the layer of the soil that ''Conexibacter'' was found to be dominant was also the most nitrogen rich as well, suggesting that its ability to reduce soil nitrates may provide a competitive edge in certain environmental conditions.<sup>[[#References|[4]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' is a very intriguing genus with organisms that have unique capabilities. They are believed to contribute to carbon cycling in soil environments and have the potential to also be contributing to nitrogen cycling. The nitrate reduction ability combined with their general hardiness makes them unique candidates from nitrate bio-remediation in psychotropic environments once more is understood about their metabolic capabilities. Though they are believed to have little significance at present, with more research they may play a significant role in bio-remediation in the future.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' is a very intriguing genus with organisms that have unique capabilities. They are believed to contribute to carbon cycling in soil environments and have the potential to also be contributing to nitrogen cycling. The nitrate reduction ability combined with their general hardiness makes them unique candidates from nitrate bio-remediation in psychotropic environments once more is understood about their metabolic capabilities. Though they are believed to have little significance at present, with more research they may play a significant role in bio-remediation in the future.</div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114268&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Description */2015-05-10T00:19:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:19, 10 May 2015</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bacteria of the genus ''Conexibacter'' are characterized as small rods with width of 0.6-0.7 &micro;m and length of 0.9-1.2 &micro;m. They are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating and are motile by characteristic long peritrichous flagella. The type strain of this genus is ''Conexibacter woesei'' named in honor of Carl R. Woese, a pioneer with his work on the use of 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analysis. ''C. woesei'' was isolated from forest soil in Gerenzano, Italy and grows optimally at pH 7-7.5 and at 28-37&ordm;C. <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bacteria of the genus ''Conexibacter'' are characterized as small rods with width of 0.6-0.7 &micro;m and length of 0.9-1.2 &micro;m. They are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating and are motile by characteristic long peritrichous flagella. The type strain of this genus is ''Conexibacter woesei'' named in honor of Carl R. Woese, a pioneer with his work on the use of 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analysis. ''C. woesei'' was isolated from forest soil in Gerenzano, Italy and grows optimally at pH 7-7.5 and at 28-37&ordm;C. <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' was first developed in 2003 with the discovery of the type strain ''C. woesei''. In 2012 a second species, ''Conexibacter arvalis'', was isolated from Japanese field soil. Both isolates are available in pure culture. The genus is known as a very deep branch of the phylum ''Actinobacteria'' having only a 90% similarity to the genus ''Thermoleiphilum'', and being only 83.8% similar to the well known genus ''Rubrobacter'', which contains species known to be the only thermophiles that are radiation resistant.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup></del><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[6]]]</sup> Since it is such a deep reaching branch of ''Actinobacteria'' there is not much diversity in the lineage of ''Conexibacter''. This lack of diversity is further amplified by the presence of only two known species. However ''C. wosesi'' and ''C. arvalis'' do represent some diversity between them. Specifically ''C. woesei'' was found to be oxidase positive while ''C. arvalis'' is oxidase negative, suggesting that ''C. arvalis'' may have an alternative electron acceptor to ''C.woesei'' or that it may have use a different cytochrome to transfer terminal electrons to oxygen. ''C. arvalis'' has a higher G+C content than ''C. woesi'' with 74-5% G+C compared to 71% G+C and it is slightly more halotolerant.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' was first developed in 2003 with the discovery of the type strain ''C. woesei''.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> </ins>In 2012 a second species, ''Conexibacter arvalis'', was isolated from Japanese field soil. Both isolates are available in pure culture. The genus is known as a very deep branch of the phylum ''Actinobacteria'' having only a 90% similarity to the genus ''Thermoleiphilum'', and being only 83.8% similar to the well known genus ''Rubrobacter'', which contains species known to be the only thermophiles that are radiation resistant.<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[6]]]</sup> Since it is such a deep reaching branch of ''Actinobacteria'' there is not much diversity in the lineage of ''Conexibacter''. This lack of diversity is further amplified by the presence of only two known species. However ''C. wosesi'' and ''C. arvalis'' do represent some diversity between them. Specifically ''C. woesei'' was found to be oxidase positive while ''C. arvalis'' is oxidase negative, suggesting that ''C. arvalis'' may have an alternative electron acceptor to ''C.woesei'' or that it may have use a different cytochrome to transfer terminal electrons to oxygen. ''C. arvalis'' has a higher G+C content than ''C. woesi'' with 74-5% G+C compared to 71% G+C and it is slightly more halotolerant.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' is a soil bacteria that is not primarily studied. Other than the discovery of two isolates, these species are only reported when they are discovered in metagenomic studies. However, though not much is known about this genus some characteristics of it's species make them very intriguing. Once such example is their chemotaxonomy. Both ''C. wosesi'' and ''C. arvalis'' have the tetrahydrogenated menaquinone MK-7(H4) as the major component of their plasma membrane, a trait that has not yet been reported in bacteria. Another intriguing feature of these species is their long, peritrichous flagella. It was found that if cultures of ''C. woesei'' were allowed to grow for over a week the long flagella tend to become entangled forming long, rigid, non-motile spiral structures.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genus ''Conexibacter'' is a soil bacteria that is not primarily studied. Other than the discovery of two isolates, these species are only reported when they are discovered in metagenomic studies. However, though not much is known about this genus some characteristics of it's species make them very intriguing. Once such example is their chemotaxonomy. Both ''C. wosesi'' and ''C. arvalis'' have the tetrahydrogenated menaquinone MK-7(H4) as the major component of their plasma membrane, a trait that has not yet been reported in bacteria. Another intriguing feature of these species is their long, peritrichous flagella. It was found that if cultures of ''C. woesei'' were allowed to grow for over a week the long flagella tend to become entangled forming long, rigid, non-motile spiral structures.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup></div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114267&oldid=prevAsteinberger: /* Author */2015-05-10T00:16:00Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Author</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Page authored by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">_____</del>, student of Prof. Katherine Mcmahon at University of Wisconsin - Madison.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Page authored by <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Andrew Steinberger</ins>, student of Prof. Katherine Mcmahon at University of Wisconsin - Madison.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Do not remove this line-->[[Category:Pages edited by students of Katherine Mcmahon at University of Wisconsin - Madison]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Do not remove this line-->[[Category:Pages edited by students of Katherine Mcmahon at University of Wisconsin - Madison]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Asteinbergerhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Conexibacter&diff=114266&oldid=prevAsteinberger at 00:15, 10 May 20152015-05-10T00:15:46Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[6] Ferreira Anna, et al. 1999. Characterization and radiation resistance of new isolates of ''Rubrobacter radiotolerans'' and ''Rubrobacter xylanophilus''. Extremophiles. 3:235-238.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[6] Ferreira Anna, et al. 1999. Characterization and radiation resistance of new isolates of ''Rubrobacter radiotolerans'' and ''Rubrobacter xylanophilus''. Extremophiles. 3:235-238.</div></td></tr>
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