Cryptomonas: Difference between revisions

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==Description and Significance==
==Description and Significance==
''Cryptomonas'' is a genus of phytoplankton that inhabit freshwater aquatic systems. The genus belongs to a larger collective of organisms called "cryptomonads", which consists of of biflagellate organisms. Cryptomonads can be either protozoans (order Cryptomonadida) or alga (class Cryptophyceae). Cryptomonas phytoplankton function as primary producers in freshwater ecosystems and contribute to the foraging base of many heterotrophs, including macroinvertibrates and fishes. While species coexist in the same habitats, they follow sequential blooms and occupy different spatial niches within the water column, which lends evidence to solve the "paradox of the plankton".
''Cryptomonas'' is a genus of phytoplankton that inhabit freshwater aquatic systems. The genus belongs to a larger collective of organisms called "cryptomonads", which consists of of biflagellate organisms. Cells tend to be rather large, varying in shape between ovoid and elliptical, averaging 40 um in size. Cryptomonads can be either protozoans (order Cryptomonadida) or alga (class Cryptophyceae). Cryptomonas phytoplankton function as primary producers in freshwater ecosystems and contribute to the foraging base of many heterotrophs, including macroinvertibrates and fishes. While species coexist in the same habitats, they follow sequential blooms and occupy different spatial niches within the water column, which lends evidence to solve the "paradox of the plankton".


==Genome Structure==
==Genome Structure==

Revision as of 21:22, 24 April 2010

A Cryptomonas ovata phytoplankter from a sample collected at Lake Toolik (Alaska, USA). From micro*scope

Classification

Eukaryota; Cryptophyta; Cryptomonadales; Cryptomonadaceae; Cryptomonas

Species

Cryptomonas borealis [1]

Cryptomonas commutata [2]

Cryptomonas curvata [3]

Cryptomonas erosa [4]

Cryptomonas gyropyrenoidosa [5]

Cryptomonas lundii [6]

Cryptomonas loricata [7]

Cryptomonas marssonii [8]

Cryptomonas obovoidea [9]

Cryptomonas ovata [10]

Cryptomonas paramaecium [11]

Cryptomonas phaseolus [12]

Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera [13]

Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa [14]

Description and Significance

Cryptomonas is a genus of phytoplankton that inhabit freshwater aquatic systems. The genus belongs to a larger collective of organisms called "cryptomonads", which consists of of biflagellate organisms. Cells tend to be rather large, varying in shape between ovoid and elliptical, averaging 40 um in size. Cryptomonads can be either protozoans (order Cryptomonadida) or alga (class Cryptophyceae). Cryptomonas phytoplankton function as primary producers in freshwater ecosystems and contribute to the foraging base of many heterotrophs, including macroinvertibrates and fishes. While species coexist in the same habitats, they follow sequential blooms and occupy different spatial niches within the water column, which lends evidence to solve the "paradox of the plankton".

Genome Structure

The phylogenetic tree for the genus Cryptomonas. From Tree of Life Web Project

Originally this genus existed as three seperate genuses: Cryptomonas, Campylomonas, and Chilomonas. However, after the analysis of two nuclear ribosomal DNA regions and and a nucleomorph ribosomal gene, Campylomonas and Chilomonas were found to be the result of life history-dependent dimorphism in the Cryptomonas genus, and where therefore reclassified. [1]

Species within the genus Cryptomonas have 4 genomes within the cell: the nucleus, the nucleomorph, the plastid, and the mitochondrial genomes. The plastid genome is circular and contains 118 kilobase pairs. This genome is the direct result of secondary endosymbiosis via a viral phage from a red alga, which accounts for the presence of red pigments within Cryptomonas species while other related genuses lack these pigments.[2]

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.


Ecology and Pathogenesis

Habitat; symbiosis; biogeochemical significance; contributions to environment.
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

References

[1] Hoef-Emden, K., Melkonian, M. "Revision of the Genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae): a Combination of Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Provides Insights into a Long-Hidden Dimorphism". Protist. 2008. Volume 159:3, p. 507

[2] Hoef-Emden, K., Tran, H., Melkonian, M. "Lineage-specific variations of congruent evolution among DNA sequences from three genomes, and relaxed selective constraints on rbcL in Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2005. Volume 5. p. 103-112.

Author

Page authored by Alison Cutter and Alexandra David, students of Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University.