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==Classification==
==Classification==
 
Morphology of strain ''Desulfobacter'' B54T (A) micrograph of cells.Bar, 10 mm. (B and C) Electron micrographs of one cell. Bars, 2 mm.
===Higher order taxa:===
===Higher order taxa:===


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'''NCBI: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2289&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy] Genome'''
'''NCBI: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2289&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy] Genome'''
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''D. postgatei'', ''D. hydrogenophilus'', ''D.
latus'', and ''D. curvatus''


==Description and Significance==
==Description and Significance==
Desulfobacter is a mesophilic gram-negative genera that is capable of oxidizing organic substrate completely to CO2 in anoxic codition. Desulfobacter is mainly found in brackish and marine environemnt and has a oval or vibrio morphology [1].  
Desulfobacter is a mesophilic gram-negative genera that is capable of oxidizing organic substrate completely to CO2 in anoxic codition. Desulfobacter is mainly found in brackish and marine environemnt and has a oval or vibrio morphology [2].  
The genus desulfobacter includes acetateutelizing sulphate-reducing bacteria. 10 Methyl 16:0 is an unusual bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) characteristic of Desulfobacter-type sulphate-reducing bacteria and could be used as a biomarker for these bacteria [2,3].
The genus desulfobacter includes acetateutelizing sulphate-reducing bacteria. 10 Methyl 16:0 is an unusual bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) characteristic of Desulfobacter-type sulphate-reducing bacteria and could be used as a biomarker for these bacteria [3,4].
 
==Genome Structure==
 


==Cell Structure and Metabolism==
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''D. variabilis'' contains significant quantities of AEG-P (top), and almost 20% of the alkyl-glycerol bond is present as DPG lipids, also known as "cardiolipin" (bottom). Note that the DPGs contain either ether or ester linkages in the core lipids.[http://www.chemistry.montana.edu/chem524/pdf/Julian%20lipids%20RCM%20%202004.pdf Sturt ''et al'']<!-- watch your links any webpage that has a %20 is a space and your converter will change it to a " "(space) which will cancel your links so be careful. Drew T. 6.5.06 -->
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| valign="center"|Sulfate reducers have a wide range of cellular morphologies, including rods, vibrios, ovals, spheres and even tear-dropped or onion shaped cells. Some are motile, others are not. Most sulfate-reducing bacteria are mesophilic, but a few thermophiles are known. ''Desulfosarcina variabilis'' is mesophilic, and contains bacterial core lipids (see images on left). The dominant phospholipid headgroups in ''D. variabilis'' are Phosphoethanolamine PE (48%) and Phosphoglycerol PG (33%). One study has found that ''Desulfosarcina variabilis'' solely contained n-hexadecyl ether side chains. For more information on tetraether lipids found in Archaea, click [http://biology.kenyon.edu/Microbial_Biorealm/archaea/sulfolobus/sulfolobus.html#tetra here].
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==Ecology==
==Ecology==
 
Micobiological and molecular studies have suggested the presence of different sulfate reducing bacteria (SBR)in oxic and anoxic layers of soil profile. Dsulfobater, Desulfobulbus and desulfotomoculum species were detected in restricly anoxic conition while Desulfococcus, Desolfonema, and Desulfovibrio species appear to be perdominantly in oxic layers [5]. The main habitat of Desulfobacter is marine sendiment and brackish water.
 
 
Although sulfate reduction is thought to be an anaerobic process, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are also important in aerobic environments if they can proliferate in anaerobic zones. For example, in marine sediments and in aerobic wastewater treatment systems, sulfate reduction accounts for up to 50% of the mineralization of organic matter. Furthermore, sulfate reduction strongly stimulates microbially enhanced corrosion of metals.
[[Image:plum_island_estuary_aerial.jpg|frame|center|The Plum Island Estuary Microbial Observatory ([http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/pimo/projects.html PIMO]), located at the Plum Island Estuary LTER site in coastal Massachusetts, identifies prokaryotes in salt marsh sediments and plankton and determines their role in controlling major ecosystem processes. Among SRBs identified, relatives of ''Desulfosarcina variabilis'' and D''esulfobacterium anilini'' were found to be persistent in the sediment.]]


==References==
==References==


<div align="left">
[1] Torleiv Lien and Janiche Beeder. 1997.Desulfobacter vibrioformis sp. nov., a Sulfate Reducer from a Water-Oil Separation System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY. Oct., p. 1124–1128
 
[http://www.arches.uga.edu/ Arches], specifically p.10 [http://www.arches.uga.edu/~whitman/coursedocs/mibo4300/natural populations and methods.PDF here].
 
[http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=104&page=1 Microbiology Textbook.<span class="pn-sub"> Copyright, Timothy
Paustian© 1999-2004.</span>]
 
[1] Lary L. Barton Biotechnology handbooks. Vol. 8-Sulfate reducing bacteria. 1995 Plenum Press, New York.
 
[2] Dowling, N.J., Widdel, F. and White, D.C. (1986) Comparison of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid biomarkers of acetate-oxidising sulphate-reducers and other sulphide-forming bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132,1815-1825.


[3] Dowling, N.J., Nichols, P.D. and White, D.C. (1988)Phospholipid fatty acid and infra-red spectroscopic analysis of a sulfate-reducing consortium. FEMS Microbiol.Ecol. 53, 325-334.
[2] Lary L. Barton Biotechnology handbooks. Vol. 8-Sulfate reducing bacteria. 1995 Plenum Press, New York.


[4] Sulphate reducing bacteria-book)
[3] Dowling, N.J., Widdel, F. and White, D.C. (1986) Comparison of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid biomarkers of acetate-oxidising sulphate-reducers and other sulphide-forming bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132,1815-1825.


[4] Dowling, N.J., Nichols, P.D. and White, D.C. (1988)Phospholipid fatty acid and infra-red spectroscopic analysis of a sulfate-reducing consortium. FEMS Microbiol.Ecol. 53, 325-334.


[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11734887&dopt=Abstract Rutters H, Sass H, Cypionka H, Rullkotter J. "Monoalkylether phospholipids in the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfosarcina variabilis and Desulforhabdus amnigenus." <span title="Archives of microbiology.">Arch Microbiol.</span> 2001 Dec;176(6):435-442. Epub 2001 Sep 19.]
[5] [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=VUdeCXm5eHkC&dq=sulphate+reducing+bacteria+larry+barton&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=aiyATgKvz_&sig=st9vJjY6Vy8KpSmc63kXEuAMi3w Barton, Larry L. and W. Allen Hamilton. 2007. Sulphate reducing Bacteria Wnvironmental and Engineering system. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.]


[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=106533 Santegoeds, Cecilia M.; Timothy G. Ferdelman, Gerard Muyzer, and Dirk de Beer. "Structural and Functional Dynamics of Sulfate-Reducing Populations in Bacterial Biofilms." Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 October; 64(10): 3731–3739. Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology.]
Edited by students of [mailto:kmscow@ucdavis.edu Kate Scow]


[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15052572&dopt=Abstract Sturt, Helen F.; Roger E. Summons, Kristin Smith, Marcus Elvert, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Intact polar membrane lipids in prokaryotes and sediments deciphered by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry—new biomarkers for biogeochemistry and microbial ecology." Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2004; 18: 617–628.]
<!-- Do not edit or remove this line --> [[Category:Pages edited by students of Kate Scow at UC Davis]]

Latest revision as of 14:39, 28 September 2015

This student page has not been curated.

A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Desulfobacter

[[Image:.jpg|thumb|350px|right|

Classification

Morphology of strain Desulfobacter B54T (A) micrograph of cells.Bar, 10 mm. (B and C) Electron micrographs of one cell. Bars, 2 mm.

Higher order taxa:

Bacteria; Proteobacteria; delta/epsilon subdivisions; Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfobacterales; Desulfobacteraceae

Species:

NCBI: Taxonomy Genome

D. postgatei, D. hydrogenophilus, D. latus, and D. curvatus

Description and Significance

Desulfobacter is a mesophilic gram-negative genera that is capable of oxidizing organic substrate completely to CO2 in anoxic codition. Desulfobacter is mainly found in brackish and marine environemnt and has a oval or vibrio morphology [2]. The genus desulfobacter includes acetateutelizing sulphate-reducing bacteria. 10 Methyl 16:0 is an unusual bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) characteristic of Desulfobacter-type sulphate-reducing bacteria and could be used as a biomarker for these bacteria [3,4].

Ecology

Micobiological and molecular studies have suggested the presence of different sulfate reducing bacteria (SBR)in oxic and anoxic layers of soil profile. Dsulfobater, Desulfobulbus and desulfotomoculum species were detected in restricly anoxic conition while Desulfococcus, Desolfonema, and Desulfovibrio species appear to be perdominantly in oxic layers [5]. The main habitat of Desulfobacter is marine sendiment and brackish water.

References

[1] Torleiv Lien and Janiche Beeder. 1997.Desulfobacter vibrioformis sp. nov., a Sulfate Reducer from a Water-Oil Separation System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY. Oct., p. 1124–1128

[2] Lary L. Barton Biotechnology handbooks. Vol. 8-Sulfate reducing bacteria. 1995 Plenum Press, New York.

[3] Dowling, N.J., Widdel, F. and White, D.C. (1986) Comparison of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid biomarkers of acetate-oxidising sulphate-reducers and other sulphide-forming bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132,1815-1825.

[4] Dowling, N.J., Nichols, P.D. and White, D.C. (1988)Phospholipid fatty acid and infra-red spectroscopic analysis of a sulfate-reducing consortium. FEMS Microbiol.Ecol. 53, 325-334.

[5] Barton, Larry L. and W. Allen Hamilton. 2007. Sulphate reducing Bacteria Wnvironmental and Engineering system. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.

Edited by students of Kate Scow