Desulfomonile tiedjei

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Classification

Domain (Bacteria); Phylum (Proteobacteria); Class (Deltaproteobacteria); Order (Syntrophobacterales); family (Syntrophaceae); Genus (Desulfomonile) [Others may be used. Use NCBI link to find]

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Genus species: Desulfomonile tiedjei

Description and Significance

Desulfomonile teidjei cells are non motile, lack spore formation and rod shape approximately 0.8- 1 by 5-10 μm in size. These cells have round ends and form a collar due to invagination of the cell wall. The function of the collar is for binary fission. This bacteria, is gram negative and esculin negative. In addition, Desulfomonile teidjei is strictly anaerobic autotroph or chemoorganotroph, dehalogenating, sulfate reducing bacterium [1].

Desulfomonile tiedjei was isolated from municipal digester sludge from Adrian, Michigan. [3] Digester sludge refers to the semisolid waste from the treatment of municipal sewage. The chemical composition of sewer sludge varies, but the sludge can be quite rich in organic matter, with the dry mass of organic compounds reaching up to 50% in some urban treatment systems. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, and other essential elements are present in smaller amounts as well. [2] Another important aspect of the environment that D. tiedjei was isolated from is that the municipal digester sludge is an anoxic environment. When cultured, D. tiedjei grows at a temperature range of 20-38 ℃ and a pH range of 6.5 – 7.8. Desulfomonile tiedjei requires a distinct mineral medium in order to grow. The growth factors are thiamine, nicotinamide and 1,4-napthoquinone [1].

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Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence?

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.


Ecology and Pathogenesis

D. tiedjei is involved in syntrophic relationships with other microbes isolated from the digester sludge it was obtained from. A benzoate-oxidizing bacterium (strain BZ-2) oxidizes the benzoate produced from the dehalogenation 3-cholorobenzoic acid by D. tiedjei to produce acetate, elemental hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. In turn, two methanogenic bacteria isolated from the sludge, Methanobacterium sp. Strain PM-2 and Methanospirillum hungatei PM-1 utilize acetate. The former metabolizes the acetate into methane and carbon dioxide; the latter metabolizes the acetate into methane, carbon dioxide, and elemental hydrogen. D. tiedjei then utilizes the hydrogen produced as an electron donor for further dehalogenation reactions. [2,3]

Because of the microbe’s dehalogenation ability, it may be able to be utilized in bioremediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents. In 1999 a pilot scale test was conducted to test the feasibility of soil bioaugmentation by D. tiedjei. A bioreactor containing 500 L of soil was seeded with the bacterium and growth factors. Next 3-chlorobenzoic acid was introduced to the soil, which was sampled periodically for the presence of 3-chlorobenzoic acid and its metabolite, benzoate, for a period of sixteen weeks. The pilot scale test was successful in that the microbe population was maintained and a greatly reduced concentration of chlorinated compounds. (Bioaugmentation of a soil bioreactor designed for pilot-scale anaerobic bioremediation studies El Fantroussi, M Belkacemi)

The microbe is not known to be pathogenic.

References

[1] DeWeerd K., Mandelco L., Tanner R., Woese C., Suflita J. Desulfomonile tiedjei gen. nov. and sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, dehalogenating, sulfate-reducing bacterium. Archives of Microbiology. 1990. Volume 154. p. 23-30.

[2] European Commission. Disposal and recycling routes for Sewage Sludge Part Three. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2001

[3] Shelton, D., Tiedje, J. “Isolation and Partial Characterization of Bacteria in an Anaerobic Consortium that Mineralizes 3-Chlorobenzoic Acid” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1984. Volume 48, No. 4 p. 840-848.



[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

Author

Page authored by Zachary Ferguson, Jamie Gamby, Ryan Gardner, Joshua Goldston, student of Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University.

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