https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&feed=atom&action=historyEcosystem and Microbial Populations in Pangong Lake, Himalaya - Revision history2024-03-28T12:39:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=79101&oldid=prevWilhelmR at 05:34, 27 December 20122012-12-27T05:34:14Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:34, 27 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:pangong.jpg|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</del>|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011. [[#References|[1]]] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:pangong.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">500px</ins>|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011. [[#References|[1]]] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Thelebolus microspores strain L-22==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Thelebolus microspores strain L-22==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:microspores.jpg|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</del>|thumb|left|Figure 2. Light microscopic observation of T. microspores L-22. A. Mature ascomata B. Each ascomata contains 10-80 asci (arrows) C. Reduced receptacles and naked shooting asci with Ascomata D. Oval ascospores. [[#References|[17]]] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:microspores.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">500px</ins>|thumb|left|Figure 2. Light microscopic observation of T. microspores L-22. A. Mature ascomata B. Each ascomata contains 10-80 asci (arrows) C. Reduced receptacles and naked shooting asci with Ascomata D. Oval ascospores. [[#References|[17]]] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thelebolus microspores L-22 is a strain of psychrophilic fungi isolated from water samples of Pangong Lake. This strain grows optimally at 4°C and can tolerate up to 6% salinity[[#References|[12]]]. Genetically close strains were also isolated from the Ross Sea and Dry Valleys regions in Antarctica[[#References|[13]]][[#References|[14]]]. Similar to Pangong Lake, these areas are subjected to long periods of subzero temperature. T. microspores L-22 synthesizes cold-adapted melanine, mycosporine, antifreeze proteins, antioxidants, glycogens, exopolyaccharides, trehalose, sterols and fatty acids to protect itself from the extreme environment[[#References|[15]]]. These proteins and metabolites are also important for biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries as they can withstand low or moderate temperatures[[#References|[16]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thelebolus microspores L-22 is a strain of psychrophilic fungi isolated from water samples of Pangong Lake. This strain grows optimally at 4°C and can tolerate up to 6% salinity[[#References|[12]]]. Genetically close strains were also isolated from the Ross Sea and Dry Valleys regions in Antarctica[[#References|[13]]][[#References|[14]]]. Similar to Pangong Lake, these areas are subjected to long periods of subzero temperature. T. microspores L-22 synthesizes cold-adapted melanine, mycosporine, antifreeze proteins, antioxidants, glycogens, exopolyaccharides, trehalose, sterols and fatty acids to protect itself from the extreme environment[[#References|[15]]]. These proteins and metabolites are also important for biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries as they can withstand low or moderate temperatures[[#References|[16]]].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:summary1.jpg|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</del>|thumb|right|Table 1. Summary and comparison of recently discovered microorganisms in Pangong Lake.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:summary1.jpg|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">600px</ins>|thumb|right|Table 1. Summary and comparison of recently discovered microorganisms in Pangong Lake.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans sp. nov. strain JS1 was isolated from mud and water samples from Pangong Lake. It is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum that mediates motion[[#References|[17]]]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is psychrotolerant (10°C - 50°C), and can tolerate up to 2% salinity[[#References|[17]]]. The bacterium is also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile alkaliphilic] and grows optimally at pH 8.9 – 9.0. The growth occurs in an anaerobic environment but the bacterium itself is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant aerotolerant]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is a chemo-organoheterotroph that utilizes various carbon sources. However it uses sulfate as its only electron acceptor[[#References|[17]]]. Several key enzymes have been identified from D. psychrotolerans JS1, including amylase, catalase, bisulfite reductase, and acid phosphatase[[#References|[17]]]. The psychrotolerant feature of these enzymes makes them valuable and useful for various biotechnological processes in the future.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans sp. nov. strain JS1 was isolated from mud and water samples from Pangong Lake. It is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum that mediates motion[[#References|[17]]]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is psychrotolerant (10°C - 50°C), and can tolerate up to 2% salinity[[#References|[17]]]. The bacterium is also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile alkaliphilic] and grows optimally at pH 8.9 – 9.0. The growth occurs in an anaerobic environment but the bacterium itself is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant aerotolerant]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is a chemo-organoheterotroph that utilizes various carbon sources. However it uses sulfate as its only electron acceptor[[#References|[17]]]. Several key enzymes have been identified from D. psychrotolerans JS1, including amylase, catalase, bisulfite reductase, and acid phosphatase[[#References|[17]]]. The psychrotolerant feature of these enzymes makes them valuable and useful for various biotechnological processes in the future.</div></td></tr>
</table>WilhelmRhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78983&oldid=prevArella.wjn at 18:04, 15 December 20122012-12-15T18:04:27Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:04, 15 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Physical Environment=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Physical Environment=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although melt water from catchment and rainwater keep feeding into Pangong Lake, the lack of an outlet and continuous evaporation of surface water raise the salinity to an average of 2-4% [[#References|[1]]]. In addition, the lake water has a basic pH ranging from 8.74 to 9.11. Water temperature of Pangong Lake also varies greatly throughout the year due to its geographic location in the Ladakh cold desert. The surface water temperature reaches up to 19°C while the bottom water temperature only reaches 8°C in summer months. During winter, Pangong Lake remains frozen from late December to early April[[#References|[1]]]. Therefore, Pangong Lake is categorized as a cold [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic monomictic lake][[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although melt water from catchment and rainwater keep feeding into Pangong Lake, the lack of an outlet and continuous evaporation of surface water raise the salinity to an average of 2-4% [[#References|[1]]]. In addition, the lake water has a basic pH ranging from 8.74 to 9.11. Water temperature of Pangong Lake also varies greatly throughout the year due to its geographic location in the Ladakh cold desert. The surface water temperature reaches up to 19°C while the bottom water temperature only reaches 8°C in summer months. During winter, Pangong Lake remains frozen from late December to early April[[#References|[1]]]. Therefore, Pangong Lake is categorized as a cold [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic monomictic lake][[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Ecosystem Members in Pangong Lake Body=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Ecosystem Members in Pangong Lake Body=</div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 23:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>No fish has been recorded in Pangong Lake body[[#References|[1]]]. However, in its inlet Cheshul stream, three fish species have been identified: Schizopygopsis stoliczkae, Triplophysa stoliczkae and Triplophysa gracilis[[#References|[1]]]. These species are also identified from Kashmir Valley[[#References|[6]]], equatorial high mountain lake Lago San Pablo[[#References|[7]]] and Antarctica saline lakes[[#References|[8]]]. These findings suggest that these fish species are eurytopic and can tolerate wide ranges of environmental fluctuations to survive in extreme conditions.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>No fish has been recorded in Pangong Lake body[[#References|[1]]]. However, in its inlet Cheshul stream, three fish species have been identified: Schizopygopsis stoliczkae, Triplophysa stoliczkae and Triplophysa gracilis[[#References|[1]]]. These species are also identified from Kashmir Valley[[#References|[6]]], equatorial high mountain lake Lago San Pablo[[#References|[7]]] and Antarctica saline lakes[[#References|[8]]]. These findings suggest that these fish species are eurytopic and can tolerate wide ranges of environmental fluctuations to survive in extreme conditions.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Recently Discovered Microbial Populations=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Recently Discovered Microbial Populations=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l40">Line 40:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 43:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans sp. nov. strain JS1 was isolated from mud and water samples from Pangong Lake. It is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum that mediates motion[[#References|[17]]]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is psychrotolerant (10°C - 50°C), and can tolerate up to 2% salinity[[#References|[17]]]. The bacterium is also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile alkaliphilic] and grows optimally at pH 8.9 – 9.0. The growth occurs in an anaerobic environment but the bacterium itself is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant aerotolerant]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is a chemo-organoheterotroph that utilizes various carbon sources. However it uses sulfate as its only electron acceptor[[#References|[17]]]. Several key enzymes have been identified from D. psychrotolerans JS1, including amylase, catalase, bisulfite reductase, and acid phosphatase[[#References|[17]]]. The psychrotolerant feature of these enzymes makes them valuable and useful for various biotechnological processes in the future.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans sp. nov. strain JS1 was isolated from mud and water samples from Pangong Lake. It is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum that mediates motion[[#References|[17]]]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is psychrotolerant (10°C - 50°C), and can tolerate up to 2% salinity[[#References|[17]]]. The bacterium is also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile alkaliphilic] and grows optimally at pH 8.9 – 9.0. The growth occurs in an anaerobic environment but the bacterium itself is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant aerotolerant]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is a chemo-organoheterotroph that utilizes various carbon sources. However it uses sulfate as its only electron acceptor[[#References|[17]]]. Several key enzymes have been identified from D. psychrotolerans JS1, including amylase, catalase, bisulfite reductase, and acid phosphatase[[#References|[17]]]. The psychrotolerant feature of these enzymes makes them valuable and useful for various biotechnological processes in the future.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=References=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=References=</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78321&oldid=prevArella.wjn at 06:05, 14 December 20122012-12-14T06:05:09Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:05, 14 December 2012</td>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton zooplankton] population consists of adult Diaptomus species and their Nauplius larva. Besides high salinity and low temperature, zooplankton organisms in Pangong Lake have to protect themselves against high UV radiation. Both adult Diaptomus and their Nauplius larva synthesize special photo-protective compounds to capture harmful UV-induced radicals[[#References|[5]]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotinoid Carotenoids] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin melanin] also form pigmentations on the body surfaces of zooplankton organisms. Together, these mechanisms act to protect the organisms from UV radiation. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton zooplankton] population consists of adult Diaptomus species and their Nauplius larva. Besides high salinity and low temperature, zooplankton organisms in Pangong Lake have to protect themselves against high UV radiation. Both adult Diaptomus and their Nauplius larva synthesize special photo-protective compounds to capture harmful UV-induced radicals[[#References|[5]]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotinoid Carotenoids] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin melanin] also form pigmentations on the body surfaces of zooplankton organisms. Together, these mechanisms act to protect the organisms from UV radiation. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Fish==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Fish==</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78308&oldid=prevArella.wjn at 05:56, 14 December 20122012-12-14T05:56:51Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:56, 14 December 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l38">Line 38:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 38:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">summary</del>.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Table 1. Summary and comparison of recently discovered microorganisms in Pangong Lake.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">summary1</ins>.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Table 1. Summary and comparison of recently discovered microorganisms in Pangong Lake.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans sp. nov. strain JS1 was isolated from mud and water samples from Pangong Lake. It is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum that mediates motion[[#References|[17]]]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is psychrotolerant (10°C - 50°C), and can tolerate up to 2% salinity[[#References|[17]]]. The bacterium is also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile alkaliphilic] and grows optimally at pH 8.9 – 9.0. The growth occurs in an anaerobic environment but the bacterium itself is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant aerotolerant]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is a chemo-organoheterotroph that utilizes various carbon sources. However it uses sulfate as its only electron acceptor[[#References|[17]]]. Several key enzymes have been identified from D. psychrotolerans JS1, including amylase, catalase, bisulfite reductase, and acid phosphatase[[#References|[17]]]. The psychrotolerant feature of these enzymes makes them valuable and useful for various biotechnological processes in the future.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans sp. nov. strain JS1 was isolated from mud and water samples from Pangong Lake. It is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum that mediates motion[[#References|[17]]]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is psychrotolerant (10°C - 50°C), and can tolerate up to 2% salinity[[#References|[17]]]. The bacterium is also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile alkaliphilic] and grows optimally at pH 8.9 – 9.0. The growth occurs in an anaerobic environment but the bacterium itself is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant aerotolerant]. D. psychrotolerans JS1 is a chemo-organoheterotroph that utilizes various carbon sources. However it uses sulfate as its only electron acceptor[[#References|[17]]]. Several key enzymes have been identified from D. psychrotolerans JS1, including amylase, catalase, bisulfite reductase, and acid phosphatase[[#References|[17]]]. The psychrotolerant feature of these enzymes makes them valuable and useful for various biotechnological processes in the future.</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78298&oldid=prevArella.wjn at 05:48, 14 December 20122012-12-14T05:48:54Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:48, 14 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Phytoplankton==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Phytoplankton==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Due to its high salinity and harsh environmental conditions, Pangong Lake body has relatively low biodiversity. No [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophyte macrophyte] has been found, However 23 taxa of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton phytoplankton] have been recorded and together they are grouped into five classes: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae, and Rodophyceae[[#References|[1]]]. Phytoplankton growth in Pangong Lake is controlled by several physio-chemical parameters including light intensity, temperature, nutrient concentration, lake currents, as well as predation by zooplankton [2<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del>3]. Populations of phytoplankton only dominate during warm summer months[[#References|[1]]]. In addition, the diversity and density of phytoplankton are inversely proportional to lake water salinity[[#References|[4]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Due to its high salinity and harsh environmental conditions, Pangong Lake body has relatively low biodiversity. No [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophyte macrophyte] has been found, However 23 taxa of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton phytoplankton] have been recorded and together they are grouped into five classes: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae, and Rodophyceae[[#References|[1]]]. Phytoplankton growth in Pangong Lake is controlled by several physio-chemical parameters including light intensity, temperature, nutrient concentration, lake currents, as well as predation by zooplankton <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[#References|</ins>[2<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]][[#References|[</ins>3<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>]. Populations of phytoplankton only dominate during warm summer months[[#References|[1]]]. In addition, the diversity and density of phytoplankton are inversely proportional to lake water salinity[[#References|[4]]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Zooplankton==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Zooplankton==</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78296&oldid=prevArella.wjn at 05:46, 14 December 20122012-12-14T05:46:08Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Thelebolus microspores strain L-22==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Thelebolus microspores strain L-22==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:microspores.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Figure 2. Light microscopic observation of T. microspores L-22. A. Mature ascomata B. Each ascomata contains 10-80 asci (arrows) C. Reduced receptacles and naked shooting asci with Ascomata D. Oval ascospores. [[#References|[17]]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:microspores.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Figure 2. Light microscopic observation of T. microspores L-22. A. Mature ascomata B. Each ascomata contains 10-80 asci (arrows) C. Reduced receptacles and naked shooting asci with Ascomata D. Oval ascospores. [[#References|[17<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>]] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thelebolus microspores L-22 is a strain of psychrophilic fungi isolated from water samples of Pangong Lake. This strain grows optimally at 4°C and can tolerate up to 6% salinity[[#References|[12]]]. Genetically close strains were also isolated from the Ross Sea and Dry Valleys regions in Antarctica[[#References|[13]]][[#References|[14]]]. Similar to Pangong Lake, these areas are subjected to long periods of subzero temperature. T. microspores L-22 synthesizes cold-adapted melanine, mycosporine, antifreeze proteins, antioxidants, glycogens, exopolyaccharides, trehalose, sterols and fatty acids to protect itself from the extreme environment[[#References|[15]]]. These proteins and metabolites are also important for biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries as they can withstand low or moderate temperatures[[#References|[16]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thelebolus microspores L-22 is a strain of psychrophilic fungi isolated from water samples of Pangong Lake. This strain grows optimally at 4°C and can tolerate up to 6% salinity[[#References|[12]]]. Genetically close strains were also isolated from the Ross Sea and Dry Valleys regions in Antarctica[[#References|[13]]][[#References|[14]]]. Similar to Pangong Lake, these areas are subjected to long periods of subzero temperature. T. microspores L-22 synthesizes cold-adapted melanine, mycosporine, antifreeze proteins, antioxidants, glycogens, exopolyaccharides, trehalose, sterols and fatty acids to protect itself from the extreme environment[[#References|[15]]]. These proteins and metabolites are also important for biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries as they can withstand low or moderate temperatures[[#References|[16]]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78295&oldid=prevArella.wjn: /* Introduction */2012-12-14T05:45:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:45, 14 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011. [[#References|[1]]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011. [[#References|[1<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>]] ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78294&oldid=prevArella.wjn: /* Introduction */2012-12-14T05:44:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:44, 14 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011.[[#References|[1<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</del>]]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011. [[#References|[1]]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78293&oldid=prevArella.wjn: /* Introduction */2012-12-14T05:44:11Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:44, 14 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011.[[#References|[1]]]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</ins>[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011.[[#References|[1]]]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjnhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_and_Microbial_Populations_in_Pangong_Lake,_Himalaya&diff=78292&oldid=prevArella.wjn: /* Introduction */2012-12-14T05:43:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:43, 14 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Uncurated}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Introduction=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</del>[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011.[[#References|[1]]]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[File:pangong.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Geographic location of Pangong Lake and study sites as described by Bhat et al, 2011.[[#References|[1]]]]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pangong Lake, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangong_Lake Pangong Tso], is a high altitude [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water] lake expanding from India to Tibet[[#References|[1]]]. It is 4350 m above sea level, with a length of 134 km and a catchment area of about 2000 km2[[#References|[1]]]. Lying in the valley of the upper drainage basin of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River Indus River], Pangong Lake is the largest and most brackish wetland in the Trans-Himalayan cold desert ecosystem[[#References|[1]]]. Due to its physical isolation and short summer months, Pangong Lake is less well understood than lowland lakes, and it is characterized by extreme environmental conditions and a relatively simple ecosystem in its lake body[[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Arella.wjn