Ehrlichia canis: Difference between revisions

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==Ecology==
Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc.
==Pathology==
How does this organism cause disease?  Human, animal, plant hosts?  Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
==Application to Biotechnology==
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes?  What are they and how are they used?
==Current Research==
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
==References==
Edited by Sue Kim, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano
Edited by Sue Kim, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano

Revision as of 20:25, 29 April 2007

Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Ricketsiales; Anaplasmataceae; Ehrlichia


Genus

Ehrlichia Canis

NCBI: Taxonomy

Description and significance

Ehrlichia Canis is a rod shaped, "small obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted, gram-negative, {alpha}-proteobacterium" transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. It resides as a microcolony inside a "membrane-lined intracellular vacuole, primarily within monocytes and macrophages of mammalian hosts". E. canis was first discovered in Algeria in 1935 and has now been known to have spread all over the United States, Europe, South America, and Asia. Infected dogs that are not treated can become asymptomatic carriers of the disease for years and eventually die from massive hemhorrage. Little is understood about the pathogenesis of canine and human ehrlichioses so the E. canis genome has been sequenced for more information critical for the development of effective vaccines. The complete genome was sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute by using a combination of 3-kb, 8-kb, and fosmid (40-kb) libraries.


Genome Structure

The genome of E. canis consists of a single, circular chromosome. Its genome is smaller than other ehrlichiae.


Cell structure and metabolism

E. canis is an aerobic organism that is unable to use glucose or fructose as a carbon or energy source. The main energy and carbon source is amino acids. Because it is a persistent infection, E. canis "has mechanisms that allow it to evade host defenses". It lacks peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides, which are "major pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in the cell walls of other gram-negative bacteria". These fundamental structural and composition differences in cell walls may be not be "recognized by innate pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4".


Ecology

Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc.

Pathology

How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

Application to Biotechnology

Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?

Current Research

Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required

References

Edited by Sue Kim, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano