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Foaming in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) - Revision history
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Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Wu80: /* References */
2012-04-20T19:42:42Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[5] Nielsen, PH, Roslev, P, Dueholm, T, Nielsen, JL. 2002. “Microthrix parvicella, a specialized lipid consumer in anaerobic –aerobic activated sludge plants”. Water Sci. Technol. 46: 73–80.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[5] Nielsen, PH, Roslev, P, Dueholm, T, Nielsen, JL. 2002. “Microthrix parvicella, a specialized lipid consumer in anaerobic –aerobic activated sludge plants”. Water Sci. Technol. 46: 73–80.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[6] Kragelund C, Remesova Z, Nielsen JL, Thomsen TR, Eales K, Seviour R, Wanner J, Nielsen PH. 2007. “Ecophysiology of mycolic acid-containing Actinobacteria (Mycolata) in activated sludge foams”. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 61(1):174-84.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[6] Kragelund C, Remesova Z, Nielsen JL, Thomsen TR, Eales K, Seviour R, Wanner J, Nielsen PH. 2007. “Ecophysiology of mycolic acid-containing Actinobacteria (Mycolata) in activated sludge foams”. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 61(1):174-84.</div></td></tr>
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Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71754&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Gordonia amarae */
2012-04-20T19:41:15Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Gordonia amarae</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<i>Gordonia amarae </i>===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<i>Gordonia amarae </i>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Gordonia amarae </i> belongs to right-angled branching <i>mycolata </i>, is one of the most common filamentous bacterium found in foaming process. <i>Gordonia amarae </i> can utilize large number of organic substrates, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. <i>Gordonia amarae </i> </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also </del>found capable in taking up some substrates under aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions[7]. <i>Gordonia amarae </i>cell has very hydrophobic surface, and they can produce biosurfactants from a wide range of substrates. Production of biosurfactants were believed beneficial for <i>Gordonia amarae </i> to solubilize insoluble substrates which help <i>Gordonia amarae </i> survive in foam. It is generally accepted that the high cell surface hydrophobicity and ability of biosurfactants production are the two main reasons for <i>Gordonia amarae </i> to cause foaming[8]. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Gordonia amarae </i> belongs to right-angled branching <i>mycolata </i>, is one of the most common filamentous bacterium found in foaming process. <i>Gordonia amarae </i> can utilize large number of organic substrates, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, and it </ins>was found capable in taking up some substrates under aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions[7]. <i>Gordonia amarae </i>cell has very hydrophobic surface, and they can produce biosurfactants from a wide range of substrates. Production of biosurfactants were believed beneficial for <i>Gordonia amarae </i> to solubilize insoluble substrates which help <i>Gordonia amarae </i> survive in foam. It is generally accepted that the high cell surface hydrophobicity and ability of biosurfactants production are the two main reasons for <i>Gordonia amarae </i> to cause foaming[8].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td></tr>
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Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71753&oldid=prev
Wu80 at 19:39, 20 April 2012
2012-04-20T19:39:58Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i>, often referred to as "nocardia", are a group of filamentous bacteria that contain mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i>, often referred to as "nocardia", are a group of filamentous bacteria that contain mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===<i>Gordonia amarae </i>===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><i>Gordonia amarae </i> belongs to right-angled branching <i>mycolata </i>, is one of the most common filamentous bacterium found in foaming process. <i>Gordonia amarae </i> can utilize large number of organic substrates, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. <i>Gordonia amarae </i> was also found capable in taking up some substrates under aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions[7]. <i>Gordonia amarae </i>cell has very hydrophobic surface, and they can produce biosurfactants from a wide range of substrates. Production of biosurfactants were believed beneficial for <i>Gordonia amarae </i> to solubilize insoluble substrates which help <i>Gordonia amarae </i> survive in foam. It is generally accepted that the high cell surface hydrophobicity and ability of biosurfactants production are the two main reasons for <i>Gordonia amarae </i> to cause foaming[8]. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Identification of Filamentous Bacteria===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Identification of Filamentous Bacteria===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Traditional identification of filamentous bacteria relies on their morphology under microscopy. However, many filamentous bacteria may not have distinguishable morphology, therefore, identification based on 16S or 23S rRNA genes are preferred. Nielsen group from Denmark developed more effective permeabilization protocol for fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) that could enhance the hybridization and produce stronger signal. They performed a various ecophysiology studies on different filamentous bacteria from foam and activated sludge sample using MAR-FISH[6]. Other 16S-based techniques like PCR-DGGE were also employed in detection of filamentous bacteria[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7</del>]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Traditional identification of filamentous bacteria relies on their morphology under microscopy. However, many filamentous bacteria may not have distinguishable morphology, therefore, identification based on 16S or 23S rRNA genes are preferred. Nielsen group from Denmark developed more effective permeabilization protocol for fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) that could enhance the hybridization and produce stronger signal. They performed a various ecophysiology studies on different filamentous bacteria from foam and activated sludge sample using MAR-FISH[6]. Other 16S-based techniques like PCR-DGGE were also employed in detection of filamentous bacteria[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">9</ins>]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Development of Effective Foaming-Control Chemicals ===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Development of Effective Foaming-Control Chemicals ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Conventional oxidizing chemicals like chlorine that used to destroy filamentous bacteria also affect the growth of other bacteria in activated sludge. More selective chemicals for controlling filamentous bacteria are desired. Polyaluminium chloride (PAX-14) was found effective in controlling the foaming caused by <i>M. parvicella</i>. Addition of PAX-14 did not affect the nitrification and COD removal performance. However, the mechanism PAX-14 in controlling <i>M. parvicella</i> is still not clear[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8</del>]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Conventional oxidizing chemicals like chlorine that used to destroy filamentous bacteria also affect the growth of other bacteria in activated sludge. More selective chemicals for controlling filamentous bacteria are desired. Polyaluminium chloride (PAX-14) was found effective in controlling the foaming caused by <i>M. parvicella</i>. Addition of PAX-14 did not affect the nitrification and COD removal performance. However, the mechanism PAX-14 in controlling <i>M. parvicella</i> is still not clear[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</ins>]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanism of Foaming===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mechanism of Foaming===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Petrovski et. al closely examined the role of surfactant in foaming based on the data from 65 foaming Mycolata. They found the floatation theory can be applied in explaining the role of surfactant in activated sludge foaming. <i>Mycolata </i>without surfactant could produce scum, while presence of surfactant without hydrophobic particle created unstable foam. They also found Bacillus subtilis, commonly culturable from foam could play important role in foaming with its production of surface surfactant[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">9</del>]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Petrovski et. al closely examined the role of surfactant in foaming based on the data from 65 foaming Mycolata. They found the floatation theory can be applied in explaining the role of surfactant in activated sludge foaming. <i>Mycolata </i>without surfactant could produce scum, while presence of surfactant without hydrophobic particle created unstable foam. They also found Bacillus subtilis, commonly culturable from foam could play important role in foaming with its production of surface surfactant[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11</ins>]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17466023</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17466023</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[7] Shen FT, Huang HR, Arun AB, Lu HL, Lin TC, Rekha PD, Young CC. 2007. “Detection of filamentous genus Gordonia in foam samples using genus-specific primers combined with PCR--denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis”. Can J Microbiol. 53(6):768-74.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[7<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]Carr EL, Eales KL, Seviour RJ. 2006. "Substrate uptake by Gordonia amarae in activated sludge foams by FISH-MAR".Water Sci. Technol. 54(1): 39–45.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16898135</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[8]Pagilla KR, Sood A, Kim H.2002. "Gordonia (nocardia) amarae foaming due to biosurfactant production". Water Sci Technol. 46(1-2):519-24.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12216680</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[9</ins>] Shen FT, Huang HR, Arun AB, Lu HL, Lin TC, Rekha PD, Young CC. 2007. “Detection of filamentous genus Gordonia in foam samples using genus-specific primers combined with PCR--denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis”. Can J Microbiol. 53(6):768-74.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17668037</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17668037</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8</del>]Roels, T, Dauwe, F, Van Damme, S, De Wilde, K,Roelandt, F. 2002. “ The influence of PAX-14 on activated sludge systems and in particular on Microthrix parvicella”. Water Sci.Technol. 46(1-2), 487–490.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</ins>]Roels, T, Dauwe, F, Van Damme, S, De Wilde, K,Roelandt, F. 2002. “ The influence of PAX-14 on activated sludge systems and in particular on Microthrix parvicella”. Water Sci.Technol. 46(1-2), 487–490.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12216672</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12216672</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">9</del>]Petrovski S, Dyson ZA, Quill ES, McIlroy SJ, Tillett D, Seviour RJ. 2011. “An examination of the mechanisms for stable foam formation in activatedsludge systems”. Water Research. 45 (5): 2146–2154. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541000881X</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11</ins>]Petrovski S, Dyson ZA, Quill ES, McIlroy SJ, Tillett D, Seviour RJ. 2011. “An examination of the mechanisms for stable foam formation in activatedsludge systems”. Water Research. 45 (5): 2146–2154. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541000881X</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>
Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71745&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Substrate Storage */
2012-04-20T18:57:48Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Substrate Storage</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:57, 20 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l45">Line 45:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Substrate Storage===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Substrate Storage===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i>were reported to be able to utilize various organic compounds as carbon and energy source. The compounds contain organic acids, complex substrates and fatty acids under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The substrates can then be storaged intracellularlly in filamentous bacterium. Intracellular storage of poly β-hydroxyalkanoates(PHA) like inclusions were observed in aerobically-grown <i> M. parvicella </i> under anoxic or anaerobic conditions[3]. Lipid storage granules were also observed in some <i> M. parvicella </i> from activated sludge in nutrient removal WWTP [5]. <i>Mycolata </i> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were </del>also <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found capable in forming </del>intracellular PHA storage [6]. The storage capability of filamentous bacteria allows them survive in harsh conditions during operation(e.g. substrates-limiting in foam, alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment), and out-compete floc-forming and other bacteria in activated sludge, most of which can not uptake and storage substrates anaerobically.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i>were reported to be able to utilize various organic compounds as carbon and energy source. The compounds contain organic acids, complex substrates and fatty acids under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The substrates can then be storaged intracellularlly in filamentous bacterium. Intracellular storage of poly β-hydroxyalkanoates(PHA) like inclusions were observed in aerobically-grown <i> M. parvicella </i> under anoxic or anaerobic conditions[3]. Lipid storage granules were also observed in some <i> M. parvicella </i> from activated sludge in nutrient removal WWTP [5]. <i>Mycolata </i> also <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can form </ins>intracellular PHA <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inclusions for substrates </ins>storage[6]. The storage capability of filamentous bacteria allows them survive in harsh conditions during operation(e.g. substrates-limiting in foam, alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment), and out-compete floc-forming and other bacteria in activated sludge, most of which can not uptake and storage substrates anaerobically.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Exoenzyme Activities===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Exoenzyme Activities===</div></td></tr>
</table>
Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71744&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Substrate Storage */
2012-04-20T18:56:40Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Substrate Storage</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:56, 20 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l45">Line 45:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Substrate Storage===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Substrate Storage===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i>were reported to be able to utilize various organic compounds as carbon and energy source. The compounds contain organic acids, complex substrates and fatty acids under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The substrates can then be storaged intracellularlly in filamentous bacterium. Intracellular storage of poly β-hydroxyalkanoates(PHA)like inclusions were observed in aerobically-grown <i> M. parvicella </i> under anoxic or anaerobic conditions[3]. Lipid storage granules were also observed in some <i> M. parvicella </i> from activated sludge in nutrient removal WWTP [5]. <i>Mycolata </i> were also found capable in forming intracellular PHA storage [6]. The storage capability of filamentous bacteria allows them survive in harsh conditions during operation(e.g. substrates-limiting in foam, alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment), and out-compete floc-forming and other bacteria in activated sludge, most of which can not uptake and storage substrates anaerobically. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i>were reported to be able to utilize various organic compounds as carbon and energy source. The compounds contain organic acids, complex substrates and fatty acids under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The substrates can then be storaged intracellularlly in filamentous bacterium. Intracellular storage of poly β-hydroxyalkanoates(PHA) like inclusions were observed in aerobically-grown <i> M. parvicella </i> under anoxic or anaerobic conditions[3]. Lipid storage granules were also observed in some <i> M. parvicella </i> from activated sludge in nutrient removal WWTP [5]. <i>Mycolata </i> were also found capable in forming intracellular PHA storage [6]. The storage capability of filamentous bacteria allows them survive in harsh conditions during operation(e.g. substrates-limiting in foam, alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment), and out-compete floc-forming and other bacteria in activated sludge, most of which can not uptake and storage substrates anaerobically.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Exoenzyme Activities===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Exoenzyme Activities===</div></td></tr>
</table>
Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71742&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Mycolata */
2012-04-20T18:52:03Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mycolata</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:52, 20 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l39">Line 39:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i>, often referred to as "nocardia", are a group of filamentous bacteria that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contains </del>mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i>, often referred to as "nocardia", are a group of filamentous bacteria that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contain </ins>mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71740&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Mycolata */
2012-04-20T18:51:45Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mycolata</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:51, 20 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l39">Line 39:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i>, often referred to as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</del>nocardia<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</del>, are a group of filamentous bacteria that contains mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i>, often referred to as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>nocardia<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>, are a group of filamentous bacteria that contains mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71739&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Mycolata */
2012-04-20T18:51:19Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mycolata</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:51, 20 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l39">Line 39:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i> often referred to as 'nocardia', are a group of filamentous bacteria that contains mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>often referred to as 'nocardia', are a group of filamentous bacteria that contains mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Wu80
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71738&oldid=prev
Wu80: /* Mycolata */
2012-04-20T18:50:56Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mycolata</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:50, 20 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l39">Line 39:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:PTLO.jpg |thumb|300px|right| <i>Mycolata</i> with acute-angled branching pattern. http://www.environmentalleverage.com/what_is_in_a_name.htm]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i> are a group of filamentous bacteria that contains mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Mycolata</i> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often referred to as 'nocardia', </ins>are a group of filamentous bacteria that contains mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are under the order <i>Actinomycetales </i>in phylum <i>Actinobacteria</i>, isolates were identified as member in families <i>Corynebacteriaceae, Dieziaceae, Gordoniaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Nocardiaceae, Tsukamurellaceae </i>and <i>Williamsiaceae</i>. They have two major morphotypes: one with right-angled branching pattern and the other acute-angled branching pattern. <i>Mycolata </i>were found to uptake a wide range of organic compounds, and can use nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. Many <i>mycolata </i> can store polyhydroxyalkanoate in cell and present high cell surface hydrophobicity[6].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial Processes==</div></td></tr>
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https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Foaming_in_wastewater_treatment_plant_(WWTP)&diff=71735&oldid=prev
Wu80 at 18:34, 20 April 2012
2012-04-20T18:34:13Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:34, 20 April 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Stable foaming in WWTP is the product from interaction among gas bubble, surfactant and hydrophobic particles. The hydrophobic particles congregate at the air-water interface and strengthen the water film between air bubbles. Meanwhile, the particles also serve as collector for surfactant which stabilizes the foam. Gas bubbles in WWTP are generated by aeration, mechanic mixing and biological process like denitrification and anaerobic digestion; Surfactants in WWTP come from the wastewater streams that contain slowly biodegradable surfactants; hydrophobic particles are normally referred to the filamentous bacteria with a long-chain structure and hydrophobic surface [1]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Stable foaming in WWTP is the product from interaction among gas bubble, surfactant and hydrophobic particles. The hydrophobic particles congregate at the air-water interface and strengthen the water film between air bubbles. Meanwhile, the particles also serve as collector for surfactant which stabilizes the foam. Gas bubbles in WWTP are generated by aeration, mechanic mixing and biological process like denitrification and anaerobic digestion; Surfactants in WWTP come from the wastewater streams that contain slowly biodegradable surfactants; hydrophobic particles are normally referred to the filamentous bacteria with a long-chain structure and hydrophobic surface [1]. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i>were reported to be able to utilize various organic compounds as carbon and energy source. The compounds contain organic acids, complex substrates and fatty acids under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The substrates can then be storaged intracellularlly in filamentous bacterium. Intracellular storage of poly β-hydroxyalkanoates(PHA)like inclusions were observed in aerobically-grown <i> M. parvicella </i> under anoxic or anaerobic conditions[3]. Lipid storage granules were also observed in some <i> M. parvicella </i> from activated sludge in nutrient removal WWTP [5]. <i>Mycolata </i> were also found capable in forming intracellular PHA storage [6]. The storage capability of filamentous bacteria allows them survive in harsh conditions during operation(e.g. substrates-limiting in foam, alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment), and out-compete floc-forming and other bacteria in activated sludge, most of which can not uptake and storage substrates anaerobically. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i>were reported to be able to utilize various organic compounds as carbon and energy source. The compounds contain organic acids, complex substrates and fatty acids under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The substrates can then be storaged intracellularlly in filamentous bacterium. Intracellular storage of poly β-hydroxyalkanoates(PHA)like inclusions were observed in aerobically-grown <i> M. parvicella </i> under anoxic or anaerobic conditions[3]. Lipid storage granules were also observed in some <i> M. parvicella </i> from activated sludge in nutrient removal WWTP [5]. <i>Mycolata </i> were also found capable in forming intracellular PHA storage [6]. The storage capability of filamentous bacteria allows them survive in harsh conditions during operation(e.g. substrates-limiting in foam, alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment), and out-compete floc-forming and other bacteria in activated sludge, most of which can not uptake and storage substrates anaerobically. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">exoenzyme activities</del>===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Exoenzyme Activities</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Higher cell surface hydrophobicity were found in cells of <i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i> than other bacteria in activated sludge. The more hydrophobic cell surface enable filamentous bacteria better attraction to hydrophobic substrates like lipids, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). Additionally, filametnous bacteria produce many exoenzymes such as lipases, which enhance the degradation and utilization of substrates [3,6]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Higher cell surface hydrophobicity were found in cells of <i>M. parvicella</i> and <i>Mycolata </i> than other bacteria in activated sludge. The more hydrophobic cell surface enable filamentous bacteria better attraction to hydrophobic substrates like lipids, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). Additionally, filametnous bacteria produce many exoenzymes such as lipases, which enhance the degradation and utilization of substrates [3,6]. </div></td></tr>
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Wu80