Granulibacter bethesdensis
A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Granulibacter bethesdensis
Classification
Higher order taxa
Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rhodospirillales; Acetobacteracease; Granulibacter
Species
Granulibacter Bethesdensis
Description and significance
Granulibacter bethesdensis is a new speices. It has distinctive phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics. Phylogentic analysis on 16S rRNA indicated that Granulibacter bethesdensis shared most similarities with organisms in Acetobacteraceae family, but no species or strains of Acetobacteraceae are similar to Granulibacter bethesdensis: it has similarity ranges from 95.4% with Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens to 86.0% with Stella humosa; analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that Granulibacter bethesdensis has similarity range from 55.3% with Gluconobacter albidus to 42.9% with Rhodospirillium rubum; analysis of recA gene sequence showed that Granulibacter bethesdensis has similarity ranges from 80.6% with Acetobacter estunensis to 71.4% with Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and 90.8% with Acetobacter orleanensis to 75.0% with Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1). Moreover, Granulibacter bethesdensis has four distinguished phenotypic characteristics. Unlike other acetic acid bacteria, Granulibacter bethesdensis is able to use methanol as a sole carbon source, produce weak acid from glucose, and has yellow pigmentation and a higher optimal growth temperature (1). It is a rod-shaped, thermophilic, aerobic, gram-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative pathogenic bactrium, which causes chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)(2). CGD is a rare inherited disease caused by abnormal phagocytic cells in immune system; CGD causes repeated bacterial infections and development of tissue granulomas.
Genome structure
Granulibacter bethesdensis has 2708355 nucleotides, 2498 genes,0 pseudogene, 2437 proteins, 61 structural RNAs, and circular DNA. Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Does it have any plasmids? Are they important to the organism's lifestyle?
Cell structure and metabolism
Granulibacter bethesdensis is usually found in soil and plants, and rarely in human. It breaks down ethanol and weakly produces acetic acid; it may be industrialized in producing vinegar. It oxidezes lactate and acetate to carbon dioxide and water, and uses methanol as a sole carbon source. There are two major fatty acids: 1) a straight-chain unsaturated acid, 2)C16:0.
Ecology
Describe any interactions with other organisms (included eukaryotes), contributions to the environment, effect on environment, etc.
Pathology
How does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.
Application to Biotechnology
Does this organism produce any useful compounds or enzymes? What are they and how are they used?
Current Research
One of the current main researches is to study the epidemiology and pathogenicity of granulibacter bethesdensis.
Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required
References
David E. Greenberg1,, Stephen F. Porcella2,, Frida Stock3, Alexandra Wong3, Patricia S. Conville3, Patrick R. Murray3, Steven M. Holland1 and Adrian M. Zelazny3 . "Granulibacter bethesdensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a distinctive pathogenic acetic acid bacterium in the family Acetobacteraceae".International Journal of Systematic and Evolution Microbiology 56 (November 2006), 2609-2616.
David E Greenberg,1 Li Ding,1 Adrian M Zelazny,2 Frida Stock,2 Alexandra Wong,2 Victoria L Anderson,1 Georgina Miller,3 David E Kleiner,4 Allan R Tenorio,5 Lauren Brinster,3 David W Dorward,6 Patrick R Murray,2 and Steven M Holland1. "A Novel Bacterium Associated with Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease". PLoS Pathog. 2006 April; 2(4): e28. Published online 2006 April 14. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020028
KEGG, April 2007, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, http://www.genome.jp/kegg
David Fredricks and Lalita Ramakrishnan. "The Acetobacteraceae: Extending the Spectrum of Human Pathogens". PLoS Pathog. 2006 April; 2(4): e36. Published online 2006 April 28. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020036
Edited by student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano