Hopanoid lipid

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By Haofan Li

Introduction

The selectively permeable bacterial membrane plays a significantly important role in bacterial growth. Among major components of a biomembrane, lipids, though with less variable structure compared to the membrane protein, contributes to bacterial growth, fluidity as well as permeability, resistance towards stressful environments, nitrogen fixation, etc. However, until recent rapid improvement in lipid modification and measurement, many different lipid research becomes quickly evolving microbiology fields.

Hopanoid lipids are one class of well-studied modern lipid model. They are widely found on a large scale of organisms, such as bacteria, plants, and some lichens. However, no hopanoid lipids were found in archaea. Among bacteria, both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria contains hopanoid lipids, potentially indicating the important role they play in bacterial growth and reproduction. Hopanoid lipids are pentacyclic lipids, which connected by four six-carbon rings and a five-carbon ring. With a similar structure as the four-ring eukaryotic sterols, hopanoid lipids also connect rings via sharing a carbon-carbon single bond between two ring structure, forming a stable and constant structure. Additionally, hopanoid lipids contain different hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains, increasing the hopanoid lipid diversity and thus expanding their multiple purposes of bacteria. [1].

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By Haofan Li

Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.


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Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2017, Kenyon College.