Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I: Difference between revisions

From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource
Line 1: Line 1:
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Human T- Lymphotropic Virus Type I, also known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, or human T-cell-leukemia-lymphoma virus, or HTLV-1 is an oncogenic retrovirus from a family of HTLV that can be sexually transmitted and has been associated with various diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, as well as HTLV-associated myelopathy (also known as spastic paraparesis or HAM/TSP)
Human T- Lymphotropic Virus Type I, also known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, or human T-cell-leukemia-lymphoma virus, or HTLV-1 is an oncogenic retrovirus from a family of HTLV that can be sexually transmitted and has been associated with various diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, as well as HTLV-associated myelopathy (also known as spastic paraparesis or HAM/TSP)
<ref>[Marcus Tulius T. Silva, Ramza Cabral Harab, Ana Cláudia Leite, Doris Schor, Abelardo Araújo, Maria José Andrada-Serpa, Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load in Asymptomatic Carriers, HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis, and Other Neurological Abnormalities Associated with HTLV-1 Infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 44, Issue 5, 1 March 2007, Pages 689–692,]</ref>
<ref>https://doi.org/10.1086/510679 Marcus Tulius T. Silva, Ramza Cabral Harab, Ana Cláudia Leite, Doris Schor, Abelardo Araújo, Maria José Andrada-Serpa, Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load in Asymptomatic Carriers, HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis, and Other Neurological Abnormalities Associated with HTLV-1 Infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 44, Issue 5, 1 March 2007, Pages 689–692,</ref>
. Reported independently by Robert C. Gallo in 1980 and Yorio Hinuma in 1981  
. Reported independently by Robert C. Gallo in 1980 and Yorio Hinuma in 1981  
(8), it is the first human retrovirus discovered, preceding HIV 1 and 2 (21). The HTLV family is categorized into a larger group known as primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs) that include HTLVs, which infect humans, and Simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs), which infects Old World monkeys. The HTLVs is also closely related to the bovine leukemia virus, responsible for a zoonotic infection that is widespread in domesticated cattle. There are currently 4 known types of HTLVs: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3, and HTLV-4. Strains HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been the most prevalent worldwide, while the effects of the latter two strains on human populations still remain unclear. The HTLVs most likely originated from cross-species transmission of the STLVs.  
(8), it is the first human retrovirus discovered, preceding HIV 1 and 2 (21). The HTLV family is categorized into a larger group known as primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs) that include HTLVs, which infect humans, and Simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs), which infects Old World monkeys. The HTLVs is also closely related to the bovine leukemia virus, responsible for a zoonotic infection that is widespread in domesticated cattle. There are currently 4 known types of HTLVs: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3, and HTLV-4. Strains HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been the most prevalent worldwide, while the effects of the latter two strains on human populations still remain unclear. The HTLVs most likely originated from cross-species transmission of the STLVs.  

Revision as of 02:08, 10 December 2020

Introduction

Human T- Lymphotropic Virus Type I, also known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, or human T-cell-leukemia-lymphoma virus, or HTLV-1 is an oncogenic retrovirus from a family of HTLV that can be sexually transmitted and has been associated with various diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, as well as HTLV-associated myelopathy (also known as spastic paraparesis or HAM/TSP) [1] . Reported independently by Robert C. Gallo in 1980 and Yorio Hinuma in 1981 (8), it is the first human retrovirus discovered, preceding HIV 1 and 2 (21). The HTLV family is categorized into a larger group known as primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs) that include HTLVs, which infect humans, and Simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs), which infects Old World monkeys. The HTLVs is also closely related to the bovine leukemia virus, responsible for a zoonotic infection that is widespread in domesticated cattle. There are currently 4 known types of HTLVs: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3, and HTLV-4. Strains HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been the most prevalent worldwide, while the effects of the latter two strains on human populations still remain unclear. The HTLVs most likely originated from cross-species transmission of the STLVs.

HTLVs target particularly T-cells, a lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in the human immune system. The HTLV-1 genome is diploidal, consisting of two copies of single-stranded RNA virus which are both turned into a double-stranded DNA form that is integrated into the genome of the host cell. After integration, HTLV uses components of the host cell to create more viral particles.

The majority of HTLV-infected individuals live asymptomatically and never face complications. It is not fully understood yet the progression of HTLV from asymptomatic to symptomatic state (2). Japan, as well as the Caribbean islands, Central Africa, the Middle East, Central and South America, and Melanesia, are known endemic areas of HTLV (3).

References

  1. https://doi.org/10.1086/510679 Marcus Tulius T. Silva, Ramza Cabral Harab, Ana Cláudia Leite, Doris Schor, Abelardo Araújo, Maria José Andrada-Serpa, Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load in Asymptomatic Carriers, HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis, and Other Neurological Abnormalities Associated with HTLV-1 Infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 44, Issue 5, 1 March 2007, Pages 689–692,


Edited by Rachel Chen, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2020, Kenyon College.