Human digestive evolution: Difference between revisions

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<br><br>A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.
<br><br>A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.


Perhaps one of the highest-impact short-term genetic digestive change has been the evolution of a Lactase-permanence gene (LCT). The separate incidences of LCT mutants that were positively selected for vary by region and ethnicity. These range in age from 8,000-9,000 years ago (European Populations) to 2,700-6,000 years ago (African Populations). Howvever, on average, the lactase mutation is present at much lower frequencies in African populations versus European or Middle Eastern populations. This results in higher average rates of lactose intolerance within said population. <ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163920/ F. Luca et al. "Evolutionary Adaptations to Dietary Changes." 2014. NIHM.] </ref>
Perhaps one of the highest-impact short-term genetic digestive change has been the evolution of a Lactase-permanence mutation (LCT). This Lactase permanence mutation, while resulting in a single phenotype, wide can arise from a range of separate SNP's (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).
 
The separate incidences of LCT mutants that were positively selected for vary by region and ethnicity. These range in age from 8,000-9,000 years ago (European Populations) to 2,700-6,000 years ago (African Populations). Howvever, on average, the lactase mutation is present at much lower frequencies in African populations versus European or Middle Eastern populations. This results in higher average rates of lactose intolerance within said population. <ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163920/ F. Luca et al. "Evolutionary Adaptations to Dietary Changes." 2014. NIHM.] </ref>


==Section 2 Microbiome==
==Section 2 Microbiome==
Include some current research, with a second image.<br><br>
Include some current research, with a second image.<br><br>
Recent research suggests that the composition of a person's microbiome may affect their ability to digest lactose to an extent. Though the sample study is notably small (8), it seems that, in part, transplanting certain beta-galactosidase expressing cultures (Such as L. acidophilus) may, in fact, reduce the severity of symptoms. Because of the incredibly early state of research on the topic, it is too early for any definitive trends or statements to be stated with much confidence <ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12602-018-9507-7 Rachel Gingold-Belfer et al., F.A. "<i>Use of a Novel Probiotic Formulation to Alleviate Lactose Intolerance Symptoms—</i> a Pilot Study." 2019. Springer Link 6:2634-2637.]</ref>


==Conclusion==
==Conclusion==

Latest revision as of 13:34, 8 November 2019

Introduction=

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Section 1 Genetics

Include some current research, with at least one image.

Sample citations: [1] [2]

A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.

Perhaps one of the highest-impact short-term genetic digestive change has been the evolution of a Lactase-permanence mutation (LCT). This Lactase permanence mutation, while resulting in a single phenotype, wide can arise from a range of separate SNP's (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).

The separate incidences of LCT mutants that were positively selected for vary by region and ethnicity. These range in age from 8,000-9,000 years ago (European Populations) to 2,700-6,000 years ago (African Populations). Howvever, on average, the lactase mutation is present at much lower frequencies in African populations versus European or Middle Eastern populations. This results in higher average rates of lactose intolerance within said population. [3]

Section 2 Microbiome

Include some current research, with a second image.

Recent research suggests that the composition of a person's microbiome may affect their ability to digest lactose to an extent. Though the sample study is notably small (8), it seems that, in part, transplanting certain beta-galactosidase expressing cultures (Such as L. acidophilus) may, in fact, reduce the severity of symptoms. Because of the incredibly early state of research on the topic, it is too early for any definitive trends or statements to be stated with much confidence [4]

Conclusion

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References


Edited by [Daniel Frank], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2019, Kenyon College.