https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&feed=atom&action=historyLeptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii - Revision history2024-03-28T21:51:35ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=119633&oldid=prevBarichD at 15:04, 11 February 20162016-02-11T15:04:01Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Leptospira borgpetersenii.gif|400px|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i>. [http://bacmap.wishartlab.com/system/images/394/medium/Leptospira_borgpetersenii.jpg?1319706309]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Leptospira borgpetersenii.gif|400px|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i>. [http://bacmap.wishartlab.com/system/images/394/medium/Leptospira_borgpetersenii.jpg?1319706309]]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116303&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1 at 23:19, 29 July 20152015-07-29T23:19:48Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Damage Response Framework===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Damage Response Framework===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, there is not enough research for microbiologists to develop a damage response framework. However, the incubation period has been estimated between 2--20 days. There is a broad range of symptoms, and none have been correlated with a particular causative agent or infectious dose amount.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Currently, there is not enough research for microbiologists to develop a damage response framework. However, the incubation period has been estimated between 2--20 days. There is a broad range of symptoms, and none have been correlated with a particular causative agent or infectious dose amount.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116302&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1 at 23:19, 29 July 20152015-07-29T23:19:23Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Damage Response Framework===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Currently, there is not enough research for microbiologists to develop a damage response framework. However, the incubation period has been estimated between 2--20 days. There is a broad range of symptoms, and none have been correlated with a particular causative agent or infectious dose amount.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===References===</div></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116301&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1 at 23:15, 29 July 20152015-07-29T23:15:55Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Epidemiology===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Epidemiology===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Leptospirosis was reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease in January 2013. There were approximately 100-200 cases identified in the U.S. annually, and 50% of these cases are found to be in Hawaii. 775 people were exposed to the disease in 1998, the largest recorded U.S. outbreak [[#References|[6]]], but only 110 were infected. More cases have been reported in Peru and Ecuador after a flood in 1998. Thailand also reported more cases between 1995—2000. There were two cases found in Thailand by travelers who had walked in flood water prior to hospitalization that were diagnosed with Leptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii. The mortality rate for this disease has been reported to be between a range of 5—10%. Large outbreaks seem to occur in the tropics where flooding commonly occurs.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Leptospirosis was reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease in January 2013. There were approximately 100-200 cases identified in the U.S. annually, and 50% of these cases are found to be in Hawaii. 775 people were exposed to the disease in 1998, the largest recorded U.S. outbreak [[#References|[6]]], but only 110 were infected. More cases have been reported in Peru and Ecuador after a flood in 1998. Thailand also reported more cases between 1995—2000. There were two cases found in Thailand by travelers who had walked in flood water prior to hospitalization that were diagnosed with Leptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii. The mortality rate for this disease has been reported to be between a range of 5—10%. Large outbreaks seem to occur in the tropics where flooding commonly occurs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:rainfall.jpg|300px|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> correlation with rain.]] <br></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:rainfall.jpg|300px|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> correlation with rain.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2870520/</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </ins><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Potential Virulence Factors===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Potential Virulence Factors===</div></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116299&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1: /* Epidemiology */2015-07-29T23:14:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Epidemiology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Epidemiology===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Epidemiology===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Leptospirosis was reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease in January 2013. There were approximately 100-200 cases identified in the U.S. annually, and 50% of these cases are found to be in Hawaii. 775 people were exposed to the disease in 1998, the largest recorded U.S. outbreak [[#References|[6]]], but only 110 were infected. More cases have been reported in Peru and Ecuador after a flood in 1998. Thailand also reported more cases between 1995—2000. There were two cases found in Thailand by travelers who had walked in flood water prior to hospitalization that were diagnosed with Leptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii. The mortality rate for this disease has been reported to be between a range of 5—10%. Large outbreaks seem to occur in the tropics where flooding commonly occurs.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Leptospirosis was reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease in January 2013. There were approximately 100-200 cases identified in the U.S. annually, and 50% of these cases are found to be in Hawaii. 775 people were exposed to the disease in 1998, the largest recorded U.S. outbreak [[#References|[6]]], but only 110 were infected. More cases have been reported in Peru and Ecuador after a flood in 1998. Thailand also reported more cases between 1995—2000. There were two cases found in Thailand by travelers who had walked in flood water prior to hospitalization that were diagnosed with Leptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii. The mortality rate for this disease has been reported to be between a range of 5—10%. Large outbreaks seem to occur in the tropics where flooding commonly occurs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:rainfall|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">400px</del>|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> correlation with rain.] <br></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:rainfall<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.jpg</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</ins>|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> correlation with rain.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>] <br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Potential Virulence Factors===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Potential Virulence Factors===</div></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116298&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1 at 23:13, 29 July 20152015-07-29T23:13:43Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Epidemiology===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Epidemiology===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Leptospirosis was reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease in January 2013. There were approximately 100-200 cases identified in the U.S. annually, and 50% of these cases are found to be in Hawaii. 775 people were exposed to the disease in 1998, the largest recorded U.S. outbreak [[#References|[6]]], but only 110 were infected. More cases have been reported in Peru and Ecuador after a flood in 1998. Thailand also reported more cases between 1995—2000. There were two cases found in Thailand by travelers who had walked in flood water prior to hospitalization that were diagnosed with Leptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii. The mortality rate for this disease has been reported to be between a range of 5—10%. Large outbreaks seem to occur in the tropics where flooding commonly occurs.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Leptospirosis was reinstated as a nationally notifiable disease in January 2013. There were approximately 100-200 cases identified in the U.S. annually, and 50% of these cases are found to be in Hawaii. 775 people were exposed to the disease in 1998, the largest recorded U.S. outbreak [[#References|[6]]], but only 110 were infected. More cases have been reported in Peru and Ecuador after a flood in 1998. Thailand also reported more cases between 1995—2000. There were two cases found in Thailand by travelers who had walked in flood water prior to hospitalization that were diagnosed with Leptospirosis induced by L. borgpetersenii. The mortality rate for this disease has been reported to be between a range of 5—10%. Large outbreaks seem to occur in the tropics where flooding commonly occurs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:rainfall|400px|thumb|right| <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> correlation with rain.] </ins><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Potential Virulence Factors===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Potential Virulence Factors===</div></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116296&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1: /* Potential Virulence Factors */2015-07-29T23:06:34Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Potential Virulence Factors</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">possibility </del>is the proteases that <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> is characterized with may facilitate tissue invasion, including 10 trypsin-like serine proteases, four zinc-dependent proteases, and a collagenase. An unusual vitamin K-dependent γ carboxylase, vgc, may affect hemostasis during infection [[#References|[7]]]. The inactivation of C3b may be the result of the attachment of factor H to the surface of <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> by LfhA, interfering with the complement cascade [[#References|[8]]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">possible virulence factor </ins>is the proteases that <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> is characterized with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">because they </ins>may facilitate tissue invasion, including 10 trypsin-like serine proteases, four zinc-dependent proteases, and a collagenase. An unusual vitamin K-dependent γ carboxylase, vgc, may affect hemostasis during infection [[#References|[7]]]. The inactivation of C3b may be the result of the attachment of factor H to the surface of <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> by LfhA, interfering with the complement cascade [[#References|[8]]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>L. borgpetersenii</i> has two unique N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetases that may prevent detection by the host immune system by coating the cell surface with sialic acid. <i>L borgpetersenii</i> disrupts cellular integrity through sphingomyelinases with its three sphingomyelinase genes [[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>L. borgpetersenii</i> has two unique N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetases that may prevent detection by the host immune system by coating the cell surface with sialic acid. <i>L borgpetersenii</i> disrupts cellular integrity through sphingomyelinases with its three sphingomyelinase genes [[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116295&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1 at 23:05, 29 July 20152015-07-29T23:05:34Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Created by KC Poe, student of Dr. Tyrrell Conway, at the University of Oklahoma Italian Center</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Created by KC Poe, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a </ins>student of Dr. Tyrrell Conway, at the University of Oklahoma Italian Center</div></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116294&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1: /* Transmission */2015-07-29T23:01:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Transmission</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:01, 29 July 2015</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Out of all of the causative agents of leptospirosis, <i>L. borgpetersenii </i> has limited transmission potential. <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> uses a host-to-host transmission cycle that it has gradually gained dependence on through its evolution [[#References|[1]]]. Leptospirosis is known to be spread through the contact with water. The disease is caused in humans either through direct contact with infected animals or through contact with urine of an infected animal within the environment.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Out of all of the causative agents of leptospirosis, <i>L. borgpetersenii </i> has limited transmission potential. <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> uses a host-to-host transmission cycle that it has gradually gained dependence on through its evolution [[#References|[1]]]. Leptospirosis is known to be spread through the contact with water. The disease is caused in humans either through direct contact with infected animals or through contact with urine of an infected animal within the environment.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies claim that oral-fecal transmission is the primary mode of host-to-host transmission for <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> due to the consumption of milk by infected dairy cows in one particular study, but there is another hypothesis that states that infected rats were the cause of the transmission to humans[[#References|[4]]]. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rodents </del>seem to be the most common carriers when analyzing results of most studies [[#References|[5]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Studies claim that oral-fecal transmission is the primary mode of host-to-host transmission for <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> due to the consumption of milk by infected dairy cows in one particular study, but there is another hypothesis that states that infected rats were the cause of the transmission to humans[[#References|[4]]]. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In fact, rats </ins>seem to be the most common carriers when analyzing results of most studies [[#References|[5]]].</div></td></tr>
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</table>Kc.S.Poe-1https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Leptospirosis_induced_by_L._borgpetersenii&diff=116293&oldid=prevKc.S.Poe-1: /* Gene Regulation and Environment Adaptation */2015-07-29T23:00:22Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Gene Regulation and Environment Adaptation</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Gene Regulation and Environment Adaptation===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Gene Regulation and Environment Adaptation===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One hypothesis states that <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> is not able to adapt to external environments due to its gene regulation. [[#References|[1]]]. Evidence indicates that the cognate regulatory factors that are encoded by anti- σ factor antagonist and σ factor regulator are dispersed through the genome as opposed to being cotranscribed with the ECF, which is unique compared to other causative agents <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that can cause </del>this deadly zoonosis. Using the comparisons between different causative agents, researchers have developed hypotheses as to why this particular pathogen cannot live outside of its host. <i>L. interrogans</i>, another causative agent of Leptospirosis that can adapt to external environments, has 24 response regulator-histidine kinase pairs, but <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> only has 18 two-component response regulators. <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> also has half of the response regulators of <i>L. interrogans</i> as well. Despite all of this, <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> has been found to have two vital transcriptional regulators for mammalian host survival: Fur the iron response regulator, and HcrA, a regulator of thermal stress. [[#References|[1]]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One hypothesis states that <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> is not able to adapt to external environments due to its gene regulation. [[#References|[1]]]. Evidence indicates that the cognate regulatory factors that are encoded by anti- σ factor antagonist and σ factor regulator are dispersed through the genome as opposed to being cotranscribed with the ECF, which is unique compared to other causative agents <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of </ins>this deadly zoonosis. Using the comparisons between different causative agents, researchers have developed hypotheses as to why this particular pathogen cannot live outside of its host. <i>L. interrogans</i>, another causative agent of Leptospirosis that can adapt to external environments, has 24 response regulator-histidine kinase pairs, but <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> only has 18 two-component response regulators. <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> also has half of the response regulators of <i>L. interrogans</i> as well. Despite all of this, <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> has been found to have two vital transcriptional regulators for mammalian host survival: Fur the iron response regulator, and HcrA, a regulator of thermal stress. [[#References|[1]]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Kc.S.Poe-1