Melissococcus plutonius: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
==Description and Significance== | ==Description and Significance== | ||
Melissococcus plutonius is | |||
Melissococcus plutonius is a European foul brood that is an important disease of honey bees. It is found on conctinents where Apis mellifera is kept. In 1980, Bailey and Collins had reclassification of the European foul brood disease. It state that the plutonius infect the honeybee larvae in broadly separate parts. In 1982, they introduce the new reclassified name as Melissococcus pluton. Then 1998, Truper and Clari change the name to Melissococcus plutonius to meet the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. | |||
==Genome== | ==Genome== |
Revision as of 21:43, 11 March 2020
Classification
Melissococcus plutonius
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobaillales
Family: Enterococcaceae
Genus: Melissococcus
Species: Melissococcus plutonius
Description and Significance
Melissococcus plutonius is a European foul brood that is an important disease of honey bees. It is found on conctinents where Apis mellifera is kept. In 1980, Bailey and Collins had reclassification of the European foul brood disease. It state that the plutonius infect the honeybee larvae in broadly separate parts. In 1982, they introduce the new reclassified name as Melissococcus pluton. Then 1998, Truper and Clari change the name to Melissococcus plutonius to meet the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
Genome
The genome sequence is pictured by this link: The M. plutonius DAT561 genome is a single circular chromosome of 1,847,807 bp, with an average GC content of 31.5%. The chromosome contained a total of 1,531 CDSs, 18 pseudogenes, 55 tRNA genes for all amino acids, and four rRNA operons. In addition, the chromosome harbored four incomplete prophages. The genome contained two plasmids, pMP1 and pMP19, comprising 200,057 and 19,967 bp, respectively, with average GC contents of 29.2% and 30.3%, respectively, and pMP19 was partially sequenced. pMP1 and pMP19 contained 162 and 28 CDSs, respectively, and three pseudogenes were found in the pMP1 plasmid
Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle
These strains belong to clonal complex (CC) 12, as determined by multilocus sequence typing analysis, and show atypical cultural and biochemical characteristics in vitro compared with strains of other CCs tested. Although EFB is considered to be a purely intestinal infection according to early studies, it is unknown whether the recently found CC12 strains cause EFB by the same pathomechanism.
Ecology and Known Roles in Symbiosis
Honey bees are important to agriculture and horticulture as pollinators, and European foul brood is a very serious and infectious disease (FERA, 2013). The value of pollination is estimated to exceed the value of products from beehives many-fold. Any disease that causes a significant decrease in honeybee population is likely to have an adverse effect on the beekeeping industry and agricultural production. Impact on Habitats. Bee decline will have a significantly negative affect on pollination in habitats that rely on these insects for development. The value of pollination is estimated to exceed the value of products from beehives many-fold. A decline in native bees, such as A. mellifera, due to the spread of European foul brood, will have a negative effect on bee biodiversity. The effect of European foul brood outbreaks on honeybee health will also have a significant impact on honey products and thus the livelihood of beekeepers.
Fun Facts
IMPACT OUTCOMES
Damaged ecosystem services
Host damage
Negatively impacts animal health
Negatively impacts livelihoods
Reduced native biodiversity
Threat to/ loss of native species
Damages animal/plant products
IMPACTS MECHANISMS
Pathogenic
LIKELIHOOD OF ENTRY/CONTROL
Highly likely to be transported internationally accidentally
Difficult to identify/detect in the field
References
Forsgren, E., Lundhagen, A.C., Imdorf, A. et al. Distribution of Melissococcus plutonius in Honeybee Colonies with and without Symptoms of European Foulbrood. Microb Ecol 50, 369–374 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0188-2
Jyothis P. Joseph, Amritha V. S.. (2019) Survey and etiology of bacterial brood disease infecting Indian honey bees (Apis cerana indica F.) in Southern Kerala. Journal of Apicultural Research 0:0, pages 1-9.
Kayo Okumura, Rie Arai, Masatoshi Okura, Teruo Kirikae, Daisuke Takamatsu, Makoto Osaki, Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama. Journal of Bacteriology Jul 2011, 193 (15) 4029-4030; DOI: 10.1128/JB.05151-11
K. Mohan Rao, Sapna Katna, Bachittar Singh Rana, Rakesh Rana. (2015) Thai sacbrood and sacbrood viruses versus European foulbrood of hive bees in India – a review. Journal of Apicultural Research 54:3, pages 192-199.
Oleg Lewkowski and Silvio Erler, Virulence of Melissococcus plutonius and secondary invaders associated with European foulbrood disease of the honey bee, MicrobiologyOpen, 8, 3, (2018).
Author
This page was authored by Hakias Davis as part of the 2020 UM Study USA led by Dr. Erik Hom at the University of Mississippi.