https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&feed=atom&action=historyMycobacterium smegmatis - Revision history2024-03-29T08:41:16ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=61380&oldid=prevBarichD at 18:58, 22 April 20112011-04-22T18:58:38Z<p></p>
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</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=54832&oldid=prevBarichD at 18:53, 19 August 20102010-08-19T18:53:43Z<p></p>
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</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=43524&oldid=prevMglogow: /* Description and significance */2009-04-24T20:13:50Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:13, 24 April 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' was first discovered and isolated in 1884 by Lustgarten. The name ''smegmatis'' was first given to ''Bacillus smegmatis'' by Trevisan in 1889. Lehmann and Neumann gave the species name ''smegmatis'' to ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in 1899. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' was first discovered and isolated in 1884 by Lustgarten. The name ''smegmatis'' was first given to ''Bacillus smegmatis'' by Trevisan in 1889. Lehmann and Neumann gave the species name ''smegmatis'' to ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in 1899. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' lives in aggregate layers of cells attached to each other in a community called a biofilm. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' are mostly found in the soil, water, and plants. They tend mostly to exist near large bodies of water. Isolates have been discovered in 16 States, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Switzerland (1). ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is classified as a saprophytic species that rarely causes disease and isn't dependent on living in an animal, unlike some pathogenic Mycobacterium. The bacteria will be finely wrinkled and creamy white while it is growing on accessible nutrients. When ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has been growing for quite some time and is abundant, the color will turn from white to a nonpigmented creamy yellow. It will also be waxy because of the high amount of unique Gram-positive cell wall coated with mycolic acids. The bacteria also ranges in textures, being seen as smooth, flat and glistening or coarsely folded or finely wrinkled (12).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' lives in aggregate layers of cells attached to each other in a community called a biofilm. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' are mostly found in the soil, water, and plants. They tend mostly to exist near large bodies of water. Isolates have been discovered in 16 States, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Switzerland (1). ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is classified as a saprophytic species that rarely causes disease and isn't dependent on living in an animal, unlike some pathogenic Mycobacterium. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The bacteria will be finely wrinkled and creamy white while it is growing on accessible nutrients. When ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has been growing for quite some time <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(generally after 48 hr growth) </ins>and is abundant, the color will turn from white to a nonpigmented creamy yellow. It will also be waxy because of the high amount of unique Gram-positive cell wall coated with mycolic acids. The bacteria also ranges in textures, being seen as smooth, flat and glistening or coarsely folded or finely wrinkled (12).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is very useful for the research analysis of other species in the genus ''Mycobacteria'' in cell culture laboratories. There are several Mycobacterial species that are common, harmful diseases, like ''Mycobacterium leprea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis''. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is so important because it is fast growing and non-pathogenic compared to these species. There are many similarities between ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are ''Mycobacteria''. The most significant is the complementary uses of mycothiol biosynthesis of ''Mycobacterium'' for making an essential thiol that is responsible for life. If it is knocked out, the species will be terminated and a treatment will be found (10). There is also research involved in finding drug therapies that will inhibit the myolic acid biosynthesis which is essential for creating the unique bacterial cell wall (11). Currently, there are many laboratories that are culturing and isolating this species to determine the pathological course of deleterious ''Mycobacteria''.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is very useful for the research analysis of other species in the genus ''Mycobacteria'' in cell culture laboratories. There are several Mycobacterial species that are common, harmful diseases, like ''Mycobacterium leprea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis''. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is so important because it is fast growing and non-pathogenic compared to these species. There are many similarities between ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are ''Mycobacteria''. The most significant is the complementary uses of mycothiol biosynthesis of ''Mycobacterium'' for making an essential thiol that is responsible for life. If it is knocked out, the species will be terminated and a treatment will be found (10). There is also research involved in finding drug therapies that will inhibit the myolic acid biosynthesis which is essential for creating the unique bacterial cell wall (11). Currently, there are many laboratories that are culturing and isolating this species to determine the pathological course of deleterious ''Mycobacteria''.</div></td></tr>
</table>Mglogowhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=43522&oldid=prevMglogow: /* Description and significance */2009-04-24T20:10:15Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' was first discovered and isolated in 1884 by Lustgarten. The name ''smegmatis'' was first given to ''Bacillus smegmatis'' by Trevisan in 1889. Lehmann and Neumann gave the species name ''smegmatis'' to ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in 1899. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' was first discovered and isolated in 1884 by Lustgarten. The name ''smegmatis'' was first given to ''Bacillus smegmatis'' by Trevisan in 1889. Lehmann and Neumann gave the species name ''smegmatis'' to ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in 1899. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' lives in aggregate layers of cells attached to each other in a community called a biofilm. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' are mostly found in the soil, water, and plants. They tend mostly to exist near large bodies of water. Isolates have been discovered in 16 States, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Switzerland (1). ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is classified as a saprophytic species that rarely causes disease and isn't dependent on living in an animal, unlike some pathogenic Mycobacterium. The bacteria will be finely wrinkled and creamy white while it is growing on accessible nutrients. When ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has been growing for quite some time and is abundant, the color will turn from white to a creamy yellow <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to pale orange</del>. It will also be waxy because of the high amount of unique Gram-positive cell wall coated with mycolic acids. The bacteria also ranges in textures, being seen as smooth, flat and glistening or coarsely folded or finely wrinkled (12).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' lives in aggregate layers of cells attached to each other in a community called a biofilm. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' are mostly found in the soil, water, and plants. They tend mostly to exist near large bodies of water. Isolates have been discovered in 16 States, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Switzerland (1). ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is classified as a saprophytic species that rarely causes disease and isn't dependent on living in an animal, unlike some pathogenic Mycobacterium. The bacteria will be finely wrinkled and creamy white while it is growing on accessible nutrients. When ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has been growing for quite some time and is abundant, the color will turn from white to a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nonpigmented </ins>creamy yellow. It will also be waxy because of the high amount of unique Gram-positive cell wall coated with mycolic acids. The bacteria also ranges in textures, being seen as smooth, flat and glistening or coarsely folded or finely wrinkled (12).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is very useful for the research analysis of other species in the genus ''Mycobacteria'' in cell culture laboratories. There are several Mycobacterial species that are common, harmful diseases, like ''Mycobacterium leprea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis''. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is so important because it is fast growing and non-pathogenic compared to these species. There are many similarities between ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are ''Mycobacteria''. The most significant is the complementary uses of mycothiol biosynthesis of ''Mycobacterium'' for making an essential thiol that is responsible for life. If it is knocked out, the species will be terminated and a treatment will be found (10). There is also research involved in finding drug therapies that will inhibit the myolic acid biosynthesis which is essential for creating the unique bacterial cell wall (11). Currently, there are many laboratories that are culturing and isolating this species to determine the pathological course of deleterious ''Mycobacteria''.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is very useful for the research analysis of other species in the genus ''Mycobacteria'' in cell culture laboratories. There are several Mycobacterial species that are common, harmful diseases, like ''Mycobacterium leprea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis''. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is so important because it is fast growing and non-pathogenic compared to these species. There are many similarities between ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are ''Mycobacteria''. The most significant is the complementary uses of mycothiol biosynthesis of ''Mycobacterium'' for making an essential thiol that is responsible for life. If it is knocked out, the species will be terminated and a treatment will be found (10). There is also research involved in finding drug therapies that will inhibit the myolic acid biosynthesis which is essential for creating the unique bacterial cell wall (11). Currently, there are many laboratories that are culturing and isolating this species to determine the pathological course of deleterious ''Mycobacteria''.</div></td></tr>
</table>Mglogowhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=19576&oldid=prevGillenk at 14:33, 22 July 20072007-07-22T14:33:10Z<p></p>
<a href="https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=19576&oldid=18978">Show changes</a>Gillenkhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=18978&oldid=prevByip: /* Genome structure */2007-06-05T19:42:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Genome structure</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome structure==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome structure==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Ncgraph.png|thumb|500px|right| A cartoon of the ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' gene. From [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=genome&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=20087 NCBI Entrez Genome Website.]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genome of ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is 6,988,209 nucleotides long. It has a 67% guanine cytosine content and a 33% adenosine thymine content, and is therefore classified as a high GC content gram positive bacteria (discussed below). 90% of the genome (6716/6938 genes) represents coding regions that encode for 6716 proteins. The 6938 genes are composed circularly with an absence of any plasmids. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is a slow growing bacteria which contains one copy of the ribosomal RNA genes unlike fast growing bacteria (Eg. ''Escherichia coli'') which has two copies of the rRNA genes. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' doesn't need so many copies of the genes because it doesn't require the high production of proteins when it is growing slow, while ''Escherichia coli'' does. The genome was sequenced in November 29, 2006 by the J. Craig Venter Institute. 9.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The genome of ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is 6,988,209 nucleotides long. It has a 67% guanine cytosine content and a 33% adenosine thymine content, and is therefore classified as a high GC content gram positive bacteria (discussed below). 90% of the genome (6716/6938 genes) represents coding regions that encode for 6716 proteins. The 6938 genes are composed circularly with an absence of any plasmids. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is a slow growing bacteria which contains one copy of the ribosomal RNA genes unlike fast growing bacteria (Eg. ''Escherichia coli'') which has two copies of the rRNA genes. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' doesn't need so many copies of the genes because it doesn't require the high production of proteins when it is growing slow, while ''Escherichia coli'' does. The genome was sequenced in November 29, 2006 by the J. Craig Venter Institute. 9.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Ncgraph2.png|thumb|350px|left| A map of the genes from the first 10,000 bp in the genome. From [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=genome&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=20087 NCBI Entrez Genome Website.]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell structure and metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell structure and metabolism==</div></td></tr>
</table>Byiphttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=18977&oldid=prevByip: /* Description and significance */2007-06-05T19:42:15Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' was first discovered and isolated in 1884 by Lustgarten. The name ''smegmatis'' was first given to ''Bacillus smegmatis'' by Trevisan in 1889. Lehmann and Neumann gave the species name ''smegmatis'' to ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in 1899. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' was first discovered and isolated in 1884 by Lustgarten. The name ''smegmatis'' was first given to ''Bacillus smegmatis'' by Trevisan in 1889. Lehmann and Neumann gave the species name ''smegmatis'' to ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in 1899. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:1scipic3biofilms.jpg|thumb|left|''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' in a biofilm that forms folds in a liquid environment. From [http://www.umc.pitt.edu/media/pcc051205/sci3_biofilms_2005DEC05.html PittChronicle article by Donovan and Hoffmann]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' lives in aggregate layers of cells attached to each other in a community called a biofilm. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' are mostly found in the soil, water, and plants. They tend mostly to exist near large bodies of water. Isolates have been discovered in 16 States, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Switzerland. 1. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is classified as a saprophytic species that rarely causes disease and isn't dependent on living in an animal, unlike some pathogenic Mycobacterium. The bacteria will be finely wrinkled and creamy white while it is growing on accessible nutrients. When ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has been growing for quite some time and is abundant, the color will turn from white to a creamy yellow to pale orange. It will also be waxy because of the high amount of unique Gram-positive cell wall coated with mycolic acids. The bacteria also ranges in textures, being seen as smooth, flat and glistening or coarsely folded or finely wrinkled. 12.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' lives in aggregate layers of cells attached to each other in a community called a biofilm. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' are mostly found in the soil, water, and plants. They tend mostly to exist near large bodies of water. Isolates have been discovered in 16 States, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Switzerland. 1. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is classified as a saprophytic species that rarely causes disease and isn't dependent on living in an animal, unlike some pathogenic Mycobacterium. The bacteria will be finely wrinkled and creamy white while it is growing on accessible nutrients. When ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has been growing for quite some time and is abundant, the color will turn from white to a creamy yellow to pale orange. It will also be waxy because of the high amount of unique Gram-positive cell wall coated with mycolic acids. The bacteria also ranges in textures, being seen as smooth, flat and glistening or coarsely folded or finely wrinkled. 12.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Myco.GIF|thumb|''Mycobacterium smegmatis on agar medium from [http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/SCIENCE/molmicro/Myco.html Department of Molecular Biology by Dr. Kiesser.]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is very useful for the research analysis of other species in the genus ''Mycobacteria'' in cell culture laboratories. There are several Mycobacterium species that are common, harmful diseases, like ''Mycobacterium leprea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis''. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is so important because it is fast growing and non-pathogenic compared to these species. There are many similarities between ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are ''Mycobacteria''. The most significant is the complementary uses of mycothiol biosynthesis of ''Mycobacterium'' for making an essential thiol that is responsible for life. If it is knocked out, the species will be terminated and a treatment will be found. 10. There is also research involved in finding drug therapies that will treat inhibit the myolic acid biosynthesis which is essential for creating the unique bacterial cell wall. 11. Currently, there are many laboratories that are culturing and isolating this species to determine the pathological course of deleterious ''Mycobacteria''.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is very useful for the research analysis of other species in the genus ''Mycobacteria'' in cell culture laboratories. There are several Mycobacterium species that are common, harmful diseases, like ''Mycobacterium leprea, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis''. ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' is so important because it is fast growing and non-pathogenic compared to these species. There are many similarities between ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are ''Mycobacteria''. The most significant is the complementary uses of mycothiol biosynthesis of ''Mycobacterium'' for making an essential thiol that is responsible for life. If it is knocked out, the species will be terminated and a treatment will be found. 10. There is also research involved in finding drug therapies that will treat inhibit the myolic acid biosynthesis which is essential for creating the unique bacterial cell wall. 11. Currently, there are many laboratories that are culturing and isolating this species to determine the pathological course of deleterious ''Mycobacteria''.</div></td></tr>
</table>Byiphttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=16617&oldid=prevByip: /* References */2007-06-05T07:06:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>5. Branca, A., Baglioni, C. "Evidence that types I and II interferons have different receptors." Nature. 1981. Volume 294: p. 768-770. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=107470</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>5. Branca, A., Baglioni, C. "Evidence that types I and II interferons have different receptors." Nature. 1981. Volume 294: p. 768-770. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=107470</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>6. Ahmed, Z. "Production of natural and rare pentoses using microorganisms and their enzymes." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 2001. Volume 4. Number 2.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>6. Ahmed, Z. "Production of natural and rare pentoses using microorganisms and their enzymes." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 2001. Volume 4. Number 2. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol4/issue2/full/7/bip/index.html</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1772&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1772&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock</div></td></tr>
</table>Byiphttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=16580&oldid=prevByip: /* Current Research */2007-06-05T07:01:20Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Current Research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Fahey's lab at UCSD studies the methods of mycothiol biosynthesis that produces thiols necessary for ''Mycobacterium'' to live and grow. The lab is trying to determine the missing and unknown enzymes and substrates that are present in the biosynthesis and if they are essential. There are currently three steps that have been determined by this lab. They are trying to determine the unknown substrate that is converted to GlcNAc-Ins from the enzyme MshA. From 3 more known steps using MshB, MshC, and MshD, the necessary mycothiol is produced. The Fahey lab aims to determine the unknown substrate to determine the full mycothiol biosynthesis pathway, and to determine some inhibitors of this pathway to prevent ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' growth. Since ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has the same mechanism by which it creates its cell wall as ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this can translate into treatments Tuberculosis. 2</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Fahey's lab at UCSD studies the methods of mycothiol biosynthesis that produces thiols necessary for ''Mycobacterium'' to live and grow. The lab is trying to determine the missing and unknown enzymes and substrates that are present in the biosynthesis and if they are essential. There are currently three steps that have been determined by this lab. They are trying to determine the unknown substrate that is converted to GlcNAc-Ins from the enzyme MshA. From 3 more known steps using MshB, MshC, and MshD, the necessary mycothiol is produced. The Fahey lab aims to determine the unknown substrate to determine the full mycothiol biosynthesis pathway, and to determine some inhibitors of this pathway to prevent ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' growth. Since ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has the same mechanism by which it creates its cell wall as ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this can translate into treatments Tuberculosis. 2</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' uses a terminal oxidase to donate electrons to the final electron acceptor oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration. These terminal oxidases have been identified as using both a cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase and a quinol bd type oxidase. When bd type oxidase gene is knocked out so cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase is the only functional oxidase, the latter didn't attain normal levels of expression of the oxidase. In addition, the oxidase concentration for the knockout didn't reduce during log phase, while the wild type(without the knockout) had decreased oxidase concentration. 3</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' uses a terminal oxidase to donate electrons to the final electron acceptor oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration. These terminal oxidases have been identified as using both a cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase and a quinol bd type oxidase. When bd type oxidase gene is knocked out so cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase is the only functional oxidase, the latter didn't attain normal levels of expression of the oxidase. In addition, the oxidase concentration for the knockout didn't reduce during log phase, while the wild type (without the knockout) had decreased oxidase concentration. 3</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacteria smegmatis'' is also dependent on the import of free inorganic phosphate molecules. Genes that regulate this import are often two component regulatory systems that are composed of histidine kinase and a DNA-binding response regulator. One of these regulators discovered by Dr. Glover is senX3-regX3 2CR. SenX3 acts as a phosphotase and a phosphate donor for regX3. A phosphorylated regX3 will activate phosphate acquisition. RegX3-P is bound to the promoter regions and activates the transcription of senX3, phoA, pstS genes that activate inorganic phosphate import. Therefore this group has determined that the senX3-regX3 2CR system is responsible for regulating this pathway. 4</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacteria smegmatis'' is also dependent on the import of free inorganic phosphate molecules. Genes that regulate this import are often two component regulatory systems that are composed of histidine kinase and a DNA-binding response regulator. One of these regulators discovered by Dr. Glover is senX3-regX3 2CR. SenX3 acts as a phosphotase and a phosphate donor for regX3. A phosphorylated regX3 will activate phosphate acquisition. RegX3-P is bound to the promoter regions and activates the transcription of senX3, phoA, pstS genes that activate inorganic phosphate import. Therefore this group has determined that the senX3-regX3 2CR system is responsible for regulating this pathway. 4</div></td></tr>
</table>Byiphttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_smegmatis&diff=16577&oldid=prevByip: /* Current Research */2007-06-05T07:01:00Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Current Research</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:01, 5 June 2007</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Fahey's lab at UCSD studies the methods of mycothiol biosynthesis that produces thiols necessary for ''Mycobacterium'' to live and grow. The lab is trying to determine the missing and unknown enzymes and substrates that are present in the biosynthesis and if they are essential. There are currently three steps that have been determined by this lab. They are trying to determine the unknown substrate that is converted to GlcNAc-Ins from the enzyme MshA. From 3 more known steps using MshB, MshC, and MshD, the necessary mycothiol is produced. The Fahey lab aims to determine the unknown substrate to determine the full mycothiol biosynthesis pathway, and to determine some inhibitors of this pathway to prevent ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' growth. Since ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has the same mechanism by which it creates its cell wall as ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this can translate into treatments Tuberculosis. 2</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Fahey's lab at UCSD studies the methods of mycothiol biosynthesis that produces thiols necessary for ''Mycobacterium'' to live and grow. The lab is trying to determine the missing and unknown enzymes and substrates that are present in the biosynthesis and if they are essential. There are currently three steps that have been determined by this lab. They are trying to determine the unknown substrate that is converted to GlcNAc-Ins from the enzyme MshA. From 3 more known steps using MshB, MshC, and MshD, the necessary mycothiol is produced. The Fahey lab aims to determine the unknown substrate to determine the full mycothiol biosynthesis pathway, and to determine some inhibitors of this pathway to prevent ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' growth. Since ''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' has the same mechanism by which it creates its cell wall as ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this can translate into treatments Tuberculosis. 2</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' uses a terminal oxidase to donate electrons to the final electron acceptor oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration. These terminal oxidases have been identified as using both a cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase and a quinol bd type oxidase. When bd type oxidase gene is knocked out <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to only allow for the </del>cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to function</del>, the latter didn't attain normal levels of expression of the oxidase. In addition, the oxidase concentration for the knockout didn't reduce during log phase, while the wild type(without the knockout) had decreased oxidase concentration. 3</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacterium smegmatis'' uses a terminal oxidase to donate electrons to the final electron acceptor oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration. These terminal oxidases have been identified as using both a cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase and a quinol bd type oxidase. When bd type oxidase gene is knocked out <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">so </ins>cytochrome c aa3 type oxidase <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is the only functional oxidase</ins>, the latter didn't attain normal levels of expression of the oxidase. In addition, the oxidase concentration for the knockout didn't reduce during log phase, while the wild type(without the knockout) had decreased oxidase concentration. 3</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacteria smegmatis'' is also dependent on the import of free inorganic phosphate molecules. Genes that regulate this import are often two component regulatory systems that are composed of histidine kinase and a DNA-binding response regulator. One of these regulators discovered by Dr. Glover is senX3-regX3 2CR. SenX3 acts as a phosphotase and a phosphate donor for regX3. A phosphorylated regX3 will activate phosphate acquisition. RegX3-P is bound to the promoter regions and activates the transcription of senX3, phoA, pstS genes that activate inorganic phosphate import. Therefore this group has determined that the senX3-regX3 2CR system is responsible for regulating this pathway. 4</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Mycobacteria smegmatis'' is also dependent on the import of free inorganic phosphate molecules. Genes that regulate this import are often two component regulatory systems that are composed of histidine kinase and a DNA-binding response regulator. One of these regulators discovered by Dr. Glover is senX3-regX3 2CR. SenX3 acts as a phosphotase and a phosphate donor for regX3. A phosphorylated regX3 will activate phosphate acquisition. RegX3-P is bound to the promoter regions and activates the transcription of senX3, phoA, pstS genes that activate inorganic phosphate import. Therefore this group has determined that the senX3-regX3 2CR system is responsible for regulating this pathway. 4</div></td></tr>
</table>Byip