Natural Killer Cell: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Natural killer cells (NCKs) are a set of granular cytotoxic lymphocytes that are non-adherent and non-phagocytic [1]. They provide important rapid response to viral, and, sometimes, microbial, infections and tumor onsets. [1,2] NCKs share many features with leukocytes of the innate immune system, such as granular cytoplasm, spontaneous activity, and susceptibility to positive regulation by immune stimuli. [1] However, research has shown that NKCs activities are specific to a certain level against different types of pathogens to promote a certain level of efficiency and allow self-tolerance, and can be regulated by complex intercellular signals, characteristics common to the adaptive immune system. [1,5] Thus, NKCs are now considered to be a conjunction point of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the innate immune system, NCKs are detectors for infected, especially virally infected, cells and tumorous cells, which can evade phagocytosis by macrophages and other lymphocytes of the first-line immune response. This immune surveillance function [1] follows the “missing self hypothesis” [5] that is associated with major histone-compatibility (MHC) protein class I receptors. NKCs can also be stimulated by dendritic cells via cytokine secretion. [5] | |||
[[Image:marburgvirus.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Colony of Marburg virus. Transmission electron microscope image taken by Dr. Tom Geisbert]] | [[Image:marburgvirus.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Colony of Marburg virus. Transmission electron microscope image taken by Dr. Tom Geisbert]] | ||
Revision as of 04:01, 8 November 2019
Introduction
Natural killer cells (NCKs) are a set of granular cytotoxic lymphocytes that are non-adherent and non-phagocytic [1]. They provide important rapid response to viral, and, sometimes, microbial, infections and tumor onsets. [1,2] NCKs share many features with leukocytes of the innate immune system, such as granular cytoplasm, spontaneous activity, and susceptibility to positive regulation by immune stimuli. [1] However, research has shown that NKCs activities are specific to a certain level against different types of pathogens to promote a certain level of efficiency and allow self-tolerance, and can be regulated by complex intercellular signals, characteristics common to the adaptive immune system. [1,5] Thus, NKCs are now considered to be a conjunction point of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the innate immune system, NCKs are detectors for infected, especially virally infected, cells and tumorous cells, which can evade phagocytosis by macrophages and other lymphocytes of the first-line immune response. This immune surveillance function [1] follows the “missing self hypothesis” [5] that is associated with major histone-compatibility (MHC) protein class I receptors. NKCs can also be stimulated by dendritic cells via cytokine secretion. [5]
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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Edited by [Minh Pham], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2019, Kenyon College.
