Natural Killer Cell

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Overview

File:NK.cells.LM.EM.jpg
Natural killer cells (NK cells) under light microscopy (A) and electron microscopy (B). In Characterization of a Novel Human Natural Killer-Cell Line (NK-YS) Established From Natural Killer Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Infection (Tsuchiyama J. et al. 1998). Link:https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/92/4/1374/247309/Characterization-of-a-Novel-Human-Natural-Killer

Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a type of granular cytotoxic lymphocytes that are non-adherent and non-phagocytic. NK cells were originally defined as a subset of lymphocytes that have natural cytotoxic activity against certain types of tumorous cells and endogenous type-C viruses in mice. Natural cytotoxicity refers to the fact that they can rapidly cause tumor cells’ lyses in the absence of any previous stimulation [1],[2]. They were first named in an article in 1976 [3] and later categorized as part of the innate immune system due to their morphology, origin (bone marrow), and lack of antigen-specific receptors (such as those on T and B-cells’ surfaces) and their respective genes.[4],[5]



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Legend/credit: Electron micrograph of the Ebola Zaire virus. This was the first photo ever taken of the virus, on 10/13/1976. By Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, then at the CDC.
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Section 1 Genetics

Include some current research, with at least one image.

Sample citations: [6] [7]

A citation code consists of a hyperlinked reference within "ref" begin and end codes.

Section 2 Microbiome

Include some current research, with a second image.

Conclusion

Overall text length should be at least 1,000 words (before counting references), with at least 2 images. Include at least 5 references under Reference section.


References

  1. Herberman, R. B., Nunn, M. E., Holden, H. T. and Lavrin, D. H. (1975), Natural cytotoxic rectivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. II. Characterization of effector cells. Int. J. Cancer, 16: 230-239. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910160205
  2. Herberman, R. B., Nunn, M. E. and Lavrin, D. H. (1975), Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. I. Distribution of reactivity and specificity. Int. J. Cancer, 16: 216-229. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910160204
  3. WOLFE, S., TRACEY, D. & HENNEY, C. Induction of “natural killer” cells by BCG. Nature 262, 584–586 (1976) doi:10.1038/262584a0
  4. Eidenschenk, C., Dunne, J., Jouanguy, E., Fourlinnie, C., Gineau, L., Bacq, D., … Feighery, C. (2006). A Novel Primary Immunodeficiency with Specific Natural-Killer Cell Deficiency Maps to the Centromeric Region of Chromosome 8. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 78(4), 721–727. doi: 10.1086/503269
  5. Trinchieri, G. Biology of natural keller cells. Adv. Immunology. Volume 47, 187-376 (1989). doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60664-1
  6. Hodgkin, J. and Partridge, F.A. "Caenorhabditis elegans meets microsporidia: the nematode killers from Paris." 2008. PLoS Biology 6:2634-2637.
  7. Bartlett et al.: Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Molecular Cancer 2013 12:103.


Edited by [Minh Pham], student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2019, Kenyon College.