https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&feed=atom&action=history
Papillomaviridae - Revision history
2024-03-29T05:58:30Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.39.6
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=54624&oldid=prev
BarichD at 00:31, 8 August 2010
2010-08-08T00:31:29Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:31, 8 August 2010</td>
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=5555&oldid=prev
BarichD at 16:22, 16 August 2006
2006-08-16T16:22:54Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:22, 16 August 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Baltimore Classification==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Baltimore Classification==</div></td></tr>
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=5226&oldid=prev
BarichD at 15:59, 14 August 2006
2006-08-14T15:59:08Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:59, 14 August 2006</td>
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BarichD
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4763&oldid=prev
Chochu444 at 14:51, 7 July 2006
2006-07-07T14:51:47Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:51, 7 July 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Reproductive Cycle of a Papillomavirus in a Host Cell==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Reproductive Cycle of a Papillomavirus in a Host Cell==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The individual isolates for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Papillomavirus </del>are very species-specific. All of these isolates are tropic for squamous epithelial cells but the receptors are unknown. The virus infects the basal cells of the dermal layer, and early gene expression can be detected in these cells (in situ hybridization). However, late gene expression, expression of structural proteins and vegetative DNA synthesis is restricted to terminally differentiated cells of the epidermis which implies a link between cellular differentiation and viral gene expression.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The individual isolates for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">papillomavirus </ins>are very species-specific. All of these isolates are tropic for squamous epithelial cells but the receptors are unknown. The virus infects the basal cells of the dermal layer, and early gene expression can be detected in these cells (in situ hybridization). However, late gene expression, expression of structural proteins and vegetative DNA synthesis is restricted to terminally differentiated cells of the epidermis which implies a link between cellular differentiation and viral gene expression.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The functions of each Gene are given below: </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The functions of each Gene are given below: </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The expression of the Papillomavirus genome is complex because there are multiple promoters, alternative splicing patterns, and a link between differentiation and gene expression. Only one strand of the genome is transcribed, producing two classes of proteins: the non-structural regulatory proteins, known as early proteins, and the structural proteins L1 and L2, known as late proteins.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The expression of the Papillomavirus genome is complex because there are multiple promoters, alternative splicing patterns, and a link between differentiation and gene expression. Only one strand of the genome is transcribed, producing two classes of proteins: the non-structural regulatory proteins, known as early proteins, and the structural proteins L1 and L2, known as late proteins.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The transformation process is very complex and depends largely on the early gene products. The transferring proteins appear to vary from one virus type to another and the function and mechanism of these transforming proteins are still not clear. The general principle appears to be that two or more early proteins co-operate to give a transforming phenotype.The most confusing thing is that in most cases, all or part of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Papilloma </del>genome including the putative "transforming genes" is maintained in the tumour cells, whereas in other cases, the virus DNA may be lost after transformation. BPV-4 is an example of one such "hit-and-run" mechanism.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The transformation process is very complex and depends largely on the early gene products. The transferring proteins appear to vary from one virus type to another and the function and mechanism of these transforming proteins are still not clear. The general principle appears to be that two or more early proteins co-operate to give a transforming phenotype.The most confusing thing is that in most cases, all or part of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">papilloma </ins>genome including the putative "transforming genes" is maintained in the tumour cells, whereas in other cases, the virus DNA may be lost after transformation. BPV-4 is an example of one such "hit-and-run" mechanism.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In case of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs), E2 binds to the early promoter and decreases expression of E6/E7. The loss of E2 is thus the first stage of transformation. E6 then binds to p53 via a cellular protein, p100, and targets it for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. E7 binds pRB and prevents phosphorylation. This would normally result in apoptosis but both E6 ad E7 interact with a number of cellular proteins which influence the outcome of infection.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In case of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs), E2 binds to the early promoter and decreases expression of E6/E7. The loss of E2 is thus the first stage of transformation. E6 then binds to p53 via a cellular protein, p100, and targets it for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. E7 binds pRB and prevents phosphorylation. This would normally result in apoptosis but both E6 ad E7 interact with a number of cellular proteins which influence the outcome of infection.</div></td></tr>
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Chochu444
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4668&oldid=prev
Mschlemm: Papillomavirus moved to Papillomaviridae: There is no ''papillomavirus'' genus; moving page up to the family level.
2006-06-29T17:25:26Z
<p><a href="/index.php/Papillomavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Papillomavirus">Papillomavirus</a> moved to <a href="/index.php/Papillomaviridae" title="Papillomaviridae">Papillomaviridae</a>: There is no ''papillomavirus'' genus; moving page up to the family level.</p>
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:25, 29 June 2006</td>
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Mschlemm
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4667&oldid=prev
Mschlemm: edited taxonomy
2006-06-29T17:24:34Z
<p>edited taxonomy</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:24, 29 June 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">root; </del>Viruses; dsDNA viruses, no RNA stage; Papillomaviridae<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">; Papillomavirus</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Viruses; dsDNA viruses, no RNA stage; Papillomaviridae</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Species</del>===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Genera</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Human papillomavirus</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bovin papillomavirus</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fringilla coelebs papillomavirus (examples)</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Alphapapillomavirus''</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Betapapillomavirus''</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''Gammapapillomavirus'', ''Deltapapillomavirus'', ''Epsilonpapillomavirus'', ''Zetapapillomavirus'', ''Etapapillomavirus'', ''Thetapapillomavirus'', ''Iotapapillomavirus'', ''Kappapapillomavirus'', ''Lambdapapillomavirus'', ''Mupapillomavirus'', ''Nupapillomavirus'', ''Xipapillomavirus'', ''Omicronpapillomavirus'', ''Pipapillomavirus''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and Significance:==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and Significance:==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Mschlemm
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4428&oldid=prev
Chochu444: /* References */
2006-06-22T14:25:51Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:25, 22 June 2006</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l78">Line 78:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16720315&query_hl=6&itool=pubmed_docsum Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16720315&query_hl=6&itool=pubmed_docsum Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/Papillomaviruses.html Microbiology@Leicester: Papillomaviruses]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10712884 Human papillomavirus life cycle: active and latent phases]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10712884 Human papillomavirus life cycle: active and latent phases]</div></td></tr>
</table>
Chochu444
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4427&oldid=prev
Chochu444 at 14:07, 22 June 2006
2006-06-22T14:07:28Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:07, 22 June 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Vegetative Replication'' occurs in terminally differentiated cells in the epidermis. Here, the control over the number of copies seems to be lost and the DNA is amplified to hundreds of copies/cell. The virus is shed from epidermal cells when these are sloughed off and is transmitted by both direct and indirect contact.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Vegetative Replication'' occurs in terminally differentiated cells in the epidermis. Here, the control over the number of copies seems to be lost and the DNA is amplified to hundreds of copies/cell. The virus is shed from epidermal cells when these are sloughed off and is transmitted by both direct and indirect contact.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The differentiation of the host cell determines the productive infection by HPV. A low level of gene expression occurs when HPV genomes are established as autonomous replicating extrachromosomal elements following entry into basal epithelial cells. After the differentiation of infected cells, the synthesis of progeny virions is made possible because of the induction of productive replication and expression of caspid genes. Certain HPV types can also exist in a latent state, as exemplified by evidences from immunosupressed patients as well as individuals with recurring laryngeal papillomatis.While HPV DNA may be present, differentiation-dependent synthesis of virions is not possible in latently infected cells. The effectiveness of therapeutic methods for treatment of infections could be determined by the presence of a latent state for HPVs. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(source: [http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/Papillomaviruses.html Microbiology@Leicester: Papillomaviruses])</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The differentiation of the host cell determines the productive infection by HPV. A low level of gene expression occurs when HPV genomes are established as autonomous replicating extrachromosomal elements following entry into basal epithelial cells. After the differentiation of infected cells, the synthesis of progeny virions is made possible because of the induction of productive replication and expression of caspid genes. Certain HPV types can also exist in a latent state, as exemplified by evidences from immunosupressed patients as well as individuals with recurring laryngeal papillomatis.While HPV DNA may be present, differentiation-dependent synthesis of virions is not possible in latently infected cells. The effectiveness of therapeutic methods for treatment of infections could be determined by the presence of a latent state for HPVs. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Viral Ecology & Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Viral Ecology & Pathology==</div></td></tr>
</table>
Chochu444
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4426&oldid=prev
Chochu444: /* Reproductive Cycle of a Papillomavirus in a Host Cell */
2006-06-22T13:56:54Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Reproductive Cycle of a Papillomavirus in a Host Cell</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:56, 22 June 2006</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The functions of each Gene are given below: </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The functions of each Gene are given below: </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E1-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">DNA-dependent ATPase, ATP dependent helicase: allow unwinding of the viral genome </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act as an elongation factor for DNA </del>replication<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del><br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E1-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Replication </ins>and replication <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">repression</ins><br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E2-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Responsible for recognition and binding of origin of replication. Exists </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">two forms: full length (transcriptional transactivator) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">truncated (transcriptional repressor). The ratio of these found in the heterotrimeric complex formed before complexing with E1 regulates </del>transcription <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of viral genome</del>.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E2-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Activates transcription </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HPV types 6, 11 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16, represses </ins>transcription <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and binds to long control region</ins>.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E3-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Not </del>known <br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E3-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">No </ins>known <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product or function </ins><br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E4-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Late Expression: C terminal binds intermediate filament, allowing release of virus</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">like particles. Also involved in transformation of host cell by deregulation of host cell mitogenic signalling pathway</del>.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E4-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cytoplasmic protein in HPV-1</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">induced warts</ins>.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E5-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Obstruction of growth suppression mechanisms: e.g EGF receptor; activation of mitogenic signalling pathways via transcription factors: c-Jun and c-Fos (important </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ubiquitin pathway degradation of p53 complex by E6). Inactivation of p21 (p53 induced expression halts cell cycle until DNA is proof</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">read for mutations)</del>.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E5-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Transformation </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HPV</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">6</ins>.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E6-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E6 </del>Transformation <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of host cell by binding p53 tumour suppressor protein</del>.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E6-- Transformation <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in cooperation with E7 in HPV-16 and HPV-18</ins>.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E7-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Transforming protein, binds to pRB/p107</del>.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E7-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Transformation in cooperation with E6</ins>.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E8-- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Not </del>known<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>E8-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">No </ins>known <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product or function.</ins><br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>L1-- Major capsid protein<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: can form virus-like particles</del>.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>L1-- Major capsid protein.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>L2-- Minor capsid <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">protein: possible DNA packaging </del>protein.<br /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>L2-- Minor capsid protein.<br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The expression of the Papillomavirus genome is complex because there are multiple promoters, alternative splicing patterns, and a link between differentiation and gene expression. Only one strand of the genome is transcribed, producing two classes of proteins: the non-structural regulatory proteins, known as early proteins, and the structural proteins L1 and L2, known as late proteins.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The expression of the Papillomavirus genome is complex because there are multiple promoters, alternative splicing patterns, and a link between differentiation and gene expression. Only one strand of the genome is transcribed, producing two classes of proteins: the non-structural regulatory proteins, known as early proteins, and the structural proteins L1 and L2, known as late proteins.</div></td></tr>
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Chochu444
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Papillomaviridae&diff=4425&oldid=prev
Chochu444: /* References */
2006-06-22T13:45:39Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:45, 22 June 2006</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Karl R. Beutner, MD, PhD, Stephen Tyring, MD, PhD; "Human Papillomavirus and Human Disease"; <u>The American Journal of Medicine</u>; Vol 102, May 5, 1997</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/index.htm ICTVdB Descriptions]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/index.htm ICTVdB Descriptions]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Karl R. Beutner, MD, PhD, Stephen Tyring, MD, PhD; "Human Papillomavirus and Human Disease"; <u>The American Journal of Medicine</u>; Vol 102, May 5, 1997</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/emimages.html Virus Alpha Structure; Electron Micrograph Images: Papillomavirus]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/emimages.html Virus Alpha Structure; Electron Micrograph Images: Papillomavirus]</div></td></tr>
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Chochu444