https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&feed=atom&action=historyPasteurella - Revision history2024-03-28T13:45:57ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=123118&oldid=prevZperez: /* Cell Structure and Metabolism */2016-05-07T05:03:29Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell Structure and Metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short, gram negative rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab). Pasteurella are also non-motile and often produce bipolar staining patterns. It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those without a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short, gram negative rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab). Pasteurella are also non-motile and often produce bipolar staining patterns<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. A bipolar stain is a particular staining pattern that colors only the two opposite poles of the microorganism in question. This leaves the rest of the bacterium unstained or of a lighter color. Staining tends to be described in relation to Gram-negative staining, which differentiates between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and can also provide information for diagnosis, culture media selection and initial antimicrobial treatment</ins>. It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those without a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td></tr>
</table>Zperezhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=121028&oldid=prevZperez: /* References */2016-04-08T18:06:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Charles River Laboratories: "[http://www.criver.com/techdocs/past-1.html A review of ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'']."</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Charles River Laboratories: "[http://www.criver.com/techdocs/past-1.html A review of ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'']."</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Christensen, Henrik and Magne Bisgaard. "The Genus ''Pasteurella''." Release 3.14. The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological Community</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Christensen, Henrik and Magne Bisgaard. "The Genus ''Pasteurella''." Release 3.14. The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological Community</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*Collins FM. Pasteurella, Yersinia, and Francisella. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 29. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7798/</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Pathology:===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Pathology:===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Long Beach Animal Hospital: ''[http://www.lbah.com/Rabbits/pasteurella.htm Pasteurellosis.]''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Long Beach Animal Hospital: ''[http://www.lbah.com/Rabbits/pasteurella.htm Pasteurellosis.]''</div></td></tr>
</table>Zperezhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=121027&oldid=prevZperez: /* Cell Structure and Metabolism */2016-04-08T18:05:58Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell Structure and Metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab). It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those without a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, gram negative </ins>rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Pasteurella are also non-motile and often produce bipolar staining patterns</ins>. It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those without a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td></tr>
</table>Zperezhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=65088&oldid=prevSlonczewski: /* Cell Structure and Metabolism */2011-08-09T02:54:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell Structure and Metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab). It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with </del>a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab). It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">without </ins>a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Slonczewskihttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=54430&oldid=prevBarichD at 20:35, 6 August 20102010-08-06T20:35:12Z<p></p>
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</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=5480&oldid=prevBarichD at 14:42, 16 August 20062006-08-16T14:42:16Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">| width="87" height="69" bgcolor="#FFDF95" align="center" |</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''NCBI:<br />[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=745&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy]<br />[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=170 Genome]'''</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:pasteurella.jpg|thumb|400px|right|''Pasteurella multocida''. From [http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3504/gallery.htm Neal Chamberlain.]]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:pasteurella.jpg|thumb|400px|right|''Pasteurella multocida''. From [http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3504/gallery.htm Neal Chamberlain.]]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella aerogenes; P. avium; P. bettyae; P. caballi; P. canis; P. dagmatis; P. gallinarum; P. langaaensis; P. mairii; P. multocida; P. pneumotropica; P. skyensis; P. stomatis; P. testudinis; P. trehalosi; P. volantium; P. sp.''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella aerogenes; P. avium; P. bettyae; P. caballi; P. canis; P. dagmatis; P. gallinarum; P. langaaensis; P. mairii; P. multocida; P. pneumotropica; P. skyensis; P. stomatis; P. testudinis; P. trehalosi; P. volantium; P. sp.''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">| height="10" bgcolor="#FFDF95" align="center" |</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''NCBI: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=745&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=170 Genome]'''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and Significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and Significance==</div></td></tr>
</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=5057&oldid=prevBarichD at 14:18, 14 August 20062006-08-14T14:18:02Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:18, 14 August 2006</td>
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</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=2649&oldid=prevTashiror: /* Pathology */2006-06-07T18:50:10Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Pathology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Pathology==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:lungs.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Lungs with abscesses (white spots) due to a ''Pasteurella'' infection. From [http://www.lbah.com/Rabbits/pasteurella.htm Long Beach Animal Hospital.]]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is an opportunistic pathogen that is not often associated with clinical diseases. However, when infecting a host, it can generally be recovered from the respiratory tract, the urogenital tract, or conjunctiva from the host: common hosts include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and other laboratory animals. In the case of humans, many strains from ''Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida'', ''Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica'', ''Pasteurella canis'', ''Pasteurella stomatis'', and ''Pasteurella dogmatis'' have been isolated from infected humans. Toxins were produced only by one strain of ''P. multocida subsp. multocida'' and ''P. canis''<nowiki>; in addition, other than one severe case of necrotizing cellulitits caused by </nowiki>''P. dagmatis'','' P. multocida subsp. multocida'' or ''P. multocida subsp. septica'' was involved in the more serious cases of infection. Symptoms of a ''Pasteurella'' infection vary on which body organ is involved and how long the disease is present. One of the most common symptoms is during respiratory infection and manifests as a nasal discharge. Others include sneezing, congestion, conjunctivitis, and clogged tear ducts. ''Pasteurella'' infections also can cause abscesses under the skin that can be chronic, requiring surgery to correct. Some abscesses can go as far as causing central nervous symptoms like oscillations of the eyes [nystagmus], circling to one side, and severe tilting of the head ([wry neck or torticollis] (Long Beach Animal Hospital).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is an opportunistic pathogen that is not often associated with clinical diseases. However, when infecting a host, it can generally be recovered from the respiratory tract, the urogenital tract, or conjunctiva from the host: common hosts include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and other laboratory animals. In the case of humans, many strains from ''Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida'', ''Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica'', ''Pasteurella canis'', ''Pasteurella stomatis'', and ''Pasteurella dogmatis'' have been isolated from infected humans. Toxins were produced only by one strain of ''P. multocida subsp. multocida'' and ''P. canis''<nowiki>; in addition, other than one severe case of necrotizing cellulitits caused by </nowiki>''P. dagmatis'','' P. multocida subsp. multocida'' or ''P. multocida subsp. septica'' was involved in the more serious cases of infection. Symptoms of a ''Pasteurella'' infection vary on which body organ is involved and how long the disease is present. One of the most common symptoms is during respiratory infection and manifests as a nasal discharge. Others include sneezing, congestion, conjunctivitis, and clogged tear ducts. ''Pasteurella'' infections also can cause abscesses under the skin that can be chronic, requiring surgery to correct. Some abscesses can go as far as causing central nervous symptoms like oscillations of the eyes [nystagmus], circling to one side, and severe tilting of the head ([wry neck or torticollis] (Long Beach Animal Hospital).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:lungs.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Lungs with abscesses (white spots) due to a ''Pasteurella'' infection. From [http://www.lbah.com/Rabbits/pasteurella.htm Long Beach Animal Hospital.]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
</table>Tashirorhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pasteurella&diff=2646&oldid=prevTashiror at 18:48, 7 June 20062006-06-07T18:48:42Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{|<br />
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'''NCBI:<br />[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=745&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy]<br />[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/framik.cgi?db=Genome&gi=170 Genome]'''<br />
|}<br />
[[Image:pasteurella.jpg|thumb|400px|right|''Pasteurella multocida''. From [http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3504/gallery.htm Neal Chamberlain.]]]<br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
<br />
===Higher order taxa:===<br />
<br />
Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Pasteurellales; Pasteurellaceae<br />
<br />
===Species:===<br />
<br />
''Pasteurella aerogenes; P. avium; P. bettyae; P. caballi; P. canis; P. dagmatis; P. gallinarum; P. langaaensis; P. mairii; P. multocida; P. pneumotropica; P. skyensis; P. stomatis; P. testudinis; P. trehalosi; P. volantium; P. sp.''<br />
<br />
==Description and Significance==<br />
<br />
''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is an opportunistic pathogen that can be often found in many commerical and research colonies of rodents.<br />
<br />
==Genome Structure==<br />
<br />
The genome of ''Pasteurella'' has a GC content of 37.7-45.9 mol % and the genome molecular weights are 1.4-2.1 * 10<sup>9</sup> Da. An avian strain of ''P. multocida'' that was isolated from a fowl cholera-infected chicken was found to be 2,257,487 bp long (1.5* 10<sup>9</sup> Da) with 2,014 predicted coding regions. ''P. multocida'' was studying using microarray analysis in relation to nutrient limitation: about 1/3 of the presumed genes changed expression level when the the nutrients allowed were changed. Genes involved in energy metabolism, protein-, nucleotide- and lipid synthesis, iron transport and cellular binding were upregulated in rich media. Genes dealing with amino acid biosynthesis, protein transport, OMP and heat shock proteins were upregulated in nutrient-deficient media (Prokaryotes).<br />
<br />
==Cell Structure and Metabolism==<br />
<br />
''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is a short rod or coccobacillus with a size of 0.5 by 1.2 micrometers on average. It produces acid but not gas through using dextrose, glycerol, inositol, lactose, maltose, and mannose. It is oxidase- and catalase-positive and is able to reduce nitrate to nitrite (Charles River Lab). It is suggested that the strongly hydrophilic capsule found on ''P. multocida ''aides in the protecting the bacteria against dehydration and improves transmission from host to host and survival in the environment. In addition, it as been observed that encapsulated strains are more resistant to phagocytosis than those with a capsule; they are also much more virulent in mice than their nonencapsulated relatives (Prokaryotes).<br />
<br />
==Ecology==<br />
<br />
''Pasteurella'' bacteria are part of the natural oral, respiratory, genital, and gastrointestinal floras of various wild and domestic animals; for example, ''P. multocida ssp.'' ''gallicida'' is most frequently isolated from birds and occasionally from pigs, and ''P. multocida subsp. septica'' is isolated from cats more than from dogs and infrequently from humans. Some of these bacteria are also considered pathogenic to animals and even humans. Interactions among ''Pasteurella'' and members of the flora of the different mucosal membranes where they can be found naturally as well as interactions between ''Pasteurella'' and its host are not known (Prokaryotes). When grown on blood agar, ''P. pneumotropica'' forms within 24 hours light gray to yellow-colored colonies about 0.5 times 1.2 micrometers in size (Charles River Lab).<br />
<br />
==Pathology==<br />
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''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' is an opportunistic pathogen that is not often associated with clinical diseases. However, when infecting a host, it can generally be recovered from the respiratory tract, the urogenital tract, or conjunctiva from the host: common hosts include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and other laboratory animals. In the case of humans, many strains from ''Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida'', ''Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica'', ''Pasteurella canis'', ''Pasteurella stomatis'', and ''Pasteurella dogmatis'' have been isolated from infected humans. Toxins were produced only by one strain of ''P. multocida subsp. multocida'' and ''P. canis''<nowiki>; in addition, other than one severe case of necrotizing cellulitits caused by </nowiki>''P. dagmatis'','' P. multocida subsp. multocida'' or ''P. multocida subsp. septica'' was involved in the more serious cases of infection. Symptoms of a ''Pasteurella'' infection vary on which body organ is involved and how long the disease is present. One of the most common symptoms is during respiratory infection and manifests as a nasal discharge. Others include sneezing, congestion, conjunctivitis, and clogged tear ducts. ''Pasteurella'' infections also can cause abscesses under the skin that can be chronic, requiring surgery to correct. Some abscesses can go as far as causing central nervous symptoms like oscillations of the eyes [nystagmus], circling to one side, and severe tilting of the head ([wry neck or torticollis] (Long Beach Animal Hospital).<br />
[[Image:lungs.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Lungs with abscesses (white spots) due to a ''Pasteurella'' infection. From [http://www.lbah.com/Rabbits/pasteurella.htm Long Beach Animal Hospital.]]]<br />
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==References==<br />
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===General:===<br />
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* Charles River Laboratories: "[http://www.criver.com/techdocs/past-1.html A review of ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'']."<br />
* Christensen, Henrik and Magne Bisgaard. "The Genus ''Pasteurella''." Release 3.14. The Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological Community<br />
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===Pathology:===<br />
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* Long Beach Animal Hospital: ''[http://www.lbah.com/Rabbits/pasteurella.htm Pasteurellosis.]''</div>Tashiror