Pasteurella caballi: Difference between revisions

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{{Uncurated}}
==Classification==
==Classification==


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'''NCBI: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Pasteurella+caballi Taxonomy] '''
'''NCBI: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Pasteurella+caballi Taxonomy] '''
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[[Image:Pasturella Culture.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Blood agar plate with <i>P. canis</i> colonies to illustrate the colony growth patterns of <i>P. caballi</i>. From: [http://www.vetbook.org/wiki/dog/index.php/Pasteurella_spp. Pasturella canis]]]


==Description and significance==
==Description and significance==


a. Give an introduction to the organism. Indicate the full name of the organism, what the name means, when and where it was first isolated/described, and by whom. Correctly write the binomial species name and the taxonomic designation (enter information above, including the link to the correct NCBI page(s). Abbreviate the genus name after the first usage.
<i>Pasteurella caballi</i>, from Latin, <i>caballinus</i> ("horse") is a group of bacterial strains which were first isolated from the respiratory systems of horses. L. K. Schlater and his associates, working from the university of Iowa and the USDA, first isolated 29 different strains of the organism in 1989. They proposed that the collection of strains be placed in the genus <i>Pasturella</i> due to several shared traits, such as DNA relatedness and cellular fatty acids.<sup>(1)</sup> All of the currently reported <i>P. caballi</i> strains are gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonmotile, fermentative rods.<sup>(1,2)</sup> <i>P. caballi</i> differs from other <i>Pasteurella</i> species in that all are aerogenic and catalase negative.<sup>(1)</sup> For laboratory observation and culture, it has been noted that colonies of <i>P. caballi</i> are non-acid-fast and bipolar stained. In addition, observable colonies are 1.0-1.5mm in diameter, non-hemolytic, smooth, slightly raised, and grayish-yellow after 24 hours of incubation. Colonies grow at room temperature and at 37°, but not at 4°.<sup>(3)</sup>
b. Give the morphological characteristics (cells, colonies), Gram stain (or cell wall equivalent), cellular appendages and any extracellular matrix that it secretes as well as whether or not it is motile.
 
Include a link if there is an existing microbewiki page for this genus (Ex. Salmonella).
 


<i>Pasteurella caballi</i>, from Latin, <i>caballinus</i> ("horse") is a group of bacterial strains which have been isolated from the respiratory systems of horses. Schlater and his associates, working from the university of Iowa and the USDA, first isolated 29 different strains of the organism in 1989. They proposed that the collection of strains be placed in the genus <i>Pasturella</i> due to several shared traits, such as DNA relatedness and cellular fatty acids.<sup>(1)</sup> All of the currently reported <i>P. caballi</i> strains are gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonmotile, fermentative rods.<sup>(1,2)</sup> <i>P. caballi</i> differs from other <i>Pasteurella</i> species in that all are aerogenic and catalase negative.<sup>(1)</sup> For laboratory observation and culture, it has been noted that colonies of <i>P. caballi</i> are non-acid-fast and bipolar stained. In addition, observable colonies are 1.0-1.5mm in diameter, non-hemolytic, smooth, slightly raised, and grayish-yellow after 24 hours of incubation. Colonies grow at room temperature and at 37°, but not at 4°.<sup>(3)</sup>
[[Image:pasteurella-multocida.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Gram stain of <i>P. multocida</i> to illustrate the staining patterns of <i>P. caballi</i>. From: [http://www.microbiologyinpictures.com/bacteria-micrographs/gram-stain/gram-negative/pasteurella-multocida.html. Pasturella multocida]]]


==Genome and genetics==
==Genome and genetics==
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Example: The sequence of Haemophilus influenzae was determined using whole genome shotgun sequencing (Fleischmann et al. 1995).
Example: The sequence of Haemophilus influenzae was determined using whole genome shotgun sequencing (Fleischmann et al. 1995).
==Nutrition and metabolism==
==Nutrition and metabolism==


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For an example, see this entry: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Bacillus_anthracis
For an example, see this entry: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Bacillus_anthracis


Authored by [student name], a student of CJ Funk at John Brown University
==References==
(1) Schlater, Linda Kelley, et al. "Pasteurella caballi, a new species from equine clinical specimens." <i> Journal of clinical microbiology </i> 27.10 (1989): 2169-2174.
 
(2) Blackall, P. J., M. Bisgaard, and R. A. McKenzie. "Characterisation of Australian isolates of Actinobacillus capsulatus, Actinobacillus equuli, Pasteurella caballi and Bisgaard Taxa 9 and 11." <i> Australian veterinary journal </i> 75.1 (1997): 52-55.
 
Authored by Joshua Place, a student of CJ Funk at John Brown University

Latest revision as of 13:50, 4 October 2017

This student page has not been curated.

Classification

Phylum: Proteobacteria

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Pasteurellales

Genus: Pasteurella

Species: Pasteurella caballi

NCBI: Taxonomy

Blood agar plate with P. canis colonies to illustrate the colony growth patterns of P. caballi. From: Pasturella canis

Description and significance

Pasteurella caballi, from Latin, caballinus ("horse") is a group of bacterial strains which were first isolated from the respiratory systems of horses. L. K. Schlater and his associates, working from the university of Iowa and the USDA, first isolated 29 different strains of the organism in 1989. They proposed that the collection of strains be placed in the genus Pasturella due to several shared traits, such as DNA relatedness and cellular fatty acids.(1) All of the currently reported P. caballi strains are gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonmotile, fermentative rods.(1,2) P. caballi differs from other Pasteurella species in that all are aerogenic and catalase negative.(1) For laboratory observation and culture, it has been noted that colonies of P. caballi are non-acid-fast and bipolar stained. In addition, observable colonies are 1.0-1.5mm in diameter, non-hemolytic, smooth, slightly raised, and grayish-yellow after 24 hours of incubation. Colonies grow at room temperature and at 37°, but not at 4°.(3)

Gram stain of P. multocida to illustrate the staining patterns of P. caballi. From: Pasturella multocida

Genome and genetics

a. To what major branch of the prokaryotes do they belong? (see textbook or Bergey’s). List 2-3 closely related but separate species or genera of bacteria. b. Briefly describe any extra-chromosomal elements or genetic tools that are used to study the bacterium: viruses, plasmids, transposons that allow genetic manipulation and analysis. c. Has the genome or genomes been sequenced? If so, include the website for the database and one or two highlights of the genome. Also indicate genome size (base pairs), %G+C (nucleotide base composition) and number of genes, and specific genes or gene regions that are unique to this organism. If it has not been sequenced, give its closest relative that has been sequenced, its website, and some general information about the related sequence.

Example: The sequence of Haemophilus influenzae was determined using whole genome shotgun sequencing (Fleischmann et al. 1995).

Nutrition and metabolism

a.Describe the growth characteristics of your bacterial species; sources of C, N, electrons; respires/ferments, uses O2, etc. b.What kinds of culture conditions (temp, pH, media) are needed for laboratory study? c.What kinds of waste, by-products, volatile compounds are generated?

Ecology / Pathology

Ecology: How is your microorganism important in the ecosystem where it is found? How does it impact other organisms in the environment (could be positive or negative impact)? Pathology: How does the microbe cause disease as it interacts with the host? Describe any specific toxins or pathways that are used for invading and causing disease in the host. What treatment is used to inhibit or kill the microbe?

Current Research

Describe recent research and findings that have been done with this organism. The research can be clinical, applied or basic research. This section should be based on 2 recent papers (10 years or less) and summarized in your own words. References

The format for citations and for the “References” list will follow the “Citation—Name” Council of Science Editors (CSE) format, as the suggested formatting method listed on the MicrobeWiki Home page. The reference list will be numbered based on an alphabetical list of the first author’s last name. A style guide for the CSE format can be found here: http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocCSE_CitationSystems.html.

For an example, see this entry: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Bacillus_anthracis

References

(1) Schlater, Linda Kelley, et al. "Pasteurella caballi, a new species from equine clinical specimens." Journal of clinical microbiology 27.10 (1989): 2169-2174.

(2) Blackall, P. J., M. Bisgaard, and R. A. McKenzie. "Characterisation of Australian isolates of Actinobacillus capsulatus, Actinobacillus equuli, Pasteurella caballi and Bisgaard Taxa 9 and 11." Australian veterinary journal 75.1 (1997): 52-55.

Authored by Joshua Place, a student of CJ Funk at John Brown University