Photobacterium profundum: Difference between revisions
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==Genome structure== | ==Genome structure== | ||
The genome of ‘’Photobacterium profundum’’ shows a tripartite structure consisting of a 4.1-Mbp major circular chromosome, a 2.2-Mbp minor circular chromosome, and a 80-kbp circular plasmid. SS9 has 14 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operons on chromosome 1, and 1 on chromosome 2; it has the maximal number of rRNA so far identified in a bacterial genome. This may implies its characteristic as an extremophile, with the ability to respond rapidly to favorable changes in growth conditions. Various operons could have evolved to operate under particular physiological conditions. | |||
SS9 has an unexpectedly high number of unique open reading frames (ORFs) in comparison to other several Vibrionaceae genomes sequenced. 38.6% of the ORFs are unique for chromosome 2, where 18.7% are unique for chromosome 1. Transposons are also found at a higher frequency on chromosome 2, suggesting the idea that chromosome 1 is more stable and containing the majority of the “established” genes, whereas chromosome 2 acts as a “genetic melting pot.” | |||
==Cell structure and metabolism== | ==Cell structure and metabolism== |
Revision as of 08:37, 3 May 2007
Classification
Higher order taxonomy:
Bacteria; Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria; Vibrionales; Vibrionaceae; Photobacterium
Properties:
Presence of flagella: Yes
Interaction: No
Number of membranes: 2
Number of inteins: 0
Genetic code: Translation table 11 (Bacterial and Plant Plastid)
Taxonomy ID: 298386
Rank: no rank
Other names:
deep-sea eubacterium SS9; Photobacterium sp. (strain SS9); Photobacterium sp. SS9; Photobacterium SS9; Photobacterium profundum strain SS9; Photobacterium profundum str. SS9
Description and significance
Members of the genus Photobacterium are common bacteria in marine environments. Photobacterium profundum is a newly discovered species that was isolated from sediment of the Ryukya trench off of Japan. It is barophillic and can survive under high pressures. It is a Gram-negative rod capable of growth between 4oC and 18oC (optimal at 10oC) under atmospheric pressure.
Genome structure
The genome of ‘’Photobacterium profundum’’ shows a tripartite structure consisting of a 4.1-Mbp major circular chromosome, a 2.2-Mbp minor circular chromosome, and a 80-kbp circular plasmid. SS9 has 14 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operons on chromosome 1, and 1 on chromosome 2; it has the maximal number of rRNA so far identified in a bacterial genome. This may implies its characteristic as an extremophile, with the ability to respond rapidly to favorable changes in growth conditions. Various operons could have evolved to operate under particular physiological conditions.
SS9 has an unexpectedly high number of unique open reading frames (ORFs) in comparison to other several Vibrionaceae genomes sequenced. 38.6% of the ORFs are unique for chromosome 2, where 18.7% are unique for chromosome 1. Transposons are also found at a higher frequency on chromosome 2, suggesting the idea that chromosome 1 is more stable and containing the majority of the “established” genes, whereas chromosome 2 acts as a “genetic melting pot.”
Cell structure and metabolism
Ecology
Pathology
Application to Biotechnology
Current Research
Eric Allen, Assistant Professor of Marine Biology from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego is conducting a research on Photobacterium profundum. Allen’s recent publications are listed below:
• 1999. "Monounsaturated but not polyunsaturated fatty acids are required for growth of the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum SS9 at high pressure and low temperature" Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 1710-1720.
• 2000. "FabF is required for piezoregulation of cis-vaccenic acid levels and piezophilic growth of the deep-sea bacterium, Photobacterium profundum strain SS9" J. Bacteriol. 182, 1264-1271.
• 2002. "Structure and regulation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase genes from the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9" Microbiology 148, 1903-1914.
References
Yuichi Nogi, Noriaki Masui and Chiaki Kato. 1998. “Photobacterium profundum sp. nov., a new, moderately barophilic bacterial species isolated from a deep-sea sediment.” Extremophiles, 2: 1-7.
A. Vezzi, S. Campanaro, M. D'Angelo, F. Simonato, N. Vitulo, F.M. Lauro, A. Cestaro, G. Malacrida, B. Simionati, N. Cannata, C. Romualdi, D.H. Bartlett, G. Valle. 2005. "Life at Depth: Photobacterium profundum Genome Sequence and Expression Analysis." Science, 307: 1459-1461.
Edited by Karen Lai, student of Rachel Larsen at UCSD.