https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&feed=atom&action=historyPlasmodium malariae - Revision history2024-03-29T08:43:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=73828&oldid=prevSlonczewski: /* Description and significance */2012-05-09T16:30:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is a malaria-causing <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bacterium </del>that colonizes the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gut </del>of a human host. Malaria is a disease that is both preventable and curable, but still continues to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. A recent inquiry conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that in 2009, 781,000 deaths could be attributed to malaria, and a majority of the victims were African children. This is one of the reasons that studying the species of the genus <i>Plasmodium</i> is so important. Although <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is one of the less virulent strains of the genus, it is still one of the few species that use a human as a host. It is the study of the group of organisms that infect humans that could lead to new drugs that may be more readily available, easier to produce, cheaper, or that can combat drug-resistant strains (WHO).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is a malaria-causing <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parasite </ins>that colonizes the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">blood </ins>of a human host. Malaria is a disease that is both preventable and curable, but still continues to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. A recent inquiry conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that in 2009, 781,000 deaths could be attributed to malaria, and a majority of the victims were African children. This is one of the reasons that studying the species of the genus <i>Plasmodium</i> is so important. Although <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is one of the less virulent strains of the genus, it is still one of the few species that use a human as a host. It is the study of the group of organisms that infect humans that could lead to new drugs that may be more readily available, easier to produce, cheaper, or that can combat drug-resistant strains (WHO).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Slonczewskihttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67436&oldid=prevZiegler.s at 14:48, 2 November 20112011-11-02T14:48:14Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:12563_lores.jpg|frameless|400px|alt=Plasmodium malariae|Mature Plasmodium malariae schizont]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:12563_lores.jpg|frameless<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|right</ins>|400px|alt=Plasmodium malariae|Mature Plasmodium malariae schizont]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67364&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Cool Factor */2011-11-02T04:13:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cool Factor</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cool Factor==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cool Factor==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Describe something you find "cool" about this microbe.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>-<i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in South America often coincides with infections of <i>Plasmodium brasilianum</i>, a parasite found in New World monkeys. It is apparently the same species as <i>P. malariae</i>, but has adapted to grow in monkeys following human colonization of South America in the last 500 years (Collins and Jeffrey).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>-<i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in South America often coincides with infections of <i>Plasmodium brasilianum</i>, a parasite found in New World monkeys. It is apparently the same species as <i>P. malariae</i>, but has adapted to grow in monkeys following human colonization of South America in the last 500 years (Collins and Jeffrey).</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67363&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Description and significance */2011-11-02T04:13:20Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Describe the appearance, habitat, etc. of the organism, and why you think it is important.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is a malaria-causing bacterium that colonizes the gut of a human host. Malaria is a disease that is both preventable and curable, but still continues to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. A recent inquiry conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that in 2009, 781,000 deaths could be attributed to malaria, and a majority of the victims were African children. This is one of the reasons that studying the species of the genus <i>Plasmodium</i> is so important. Although <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is one of the less virulent strains of the genus, it is still one of the few species that use a human as a host. It is the study of the group of organisms that infect humans that could lead to new drugs that may be more readily available, easier to produce, cheaper, or that can combat drug-resistant strains (WHO).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is a malaria-causing bacterium that colonizes the gut of a human host. Malaria is a disease that is both preventable and curable, but still continues to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. A recent inquiry conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that in 2009, 781,000 deaths could be attributed to malaria, and a majority of the victims were African children. This is one of the reasons that studying the species of the genus <i>Plasmodium</i> is so important. Although <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> is one of the less virulent strains of the genus, it is still one of the few species that use a human as a host. It is the study of the group of organisms that infect humans that could lead to new drugs that may be more readily available, easier to produce, cheaper, or that can combat drug-resistant strains (WHO).</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67361&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Ecology */2011-11-02T04:13:03Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ecology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Malaria is a disease that is commonly found throughout most tropical and subtropical areas in the world. There are four malarial parasites from the <i>Plasmodium</i> genus that infect humans and cause symptoms indicative of the disease (Hayakawa T).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Malaria is a disease that is commonly found throughout most tropical and subtropical areas in the world. There are four malarial parasites from the <i>Plasmodium</i> genus that infect humans and cause symptoms indicative of the disease (Hayakawa T).</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67359&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Current Research */2011-11-02T04:12:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Current Research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Current Research==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Current Research==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are using genetic studies of <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>, isolated from wild African rodents to understand pathogenicity of malaria parasites. <i>P. yoelii</i> exhibits traits similar to human malaria viruses such as <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium malariae</i>. The article is a methods video and article describing how to obtain a genetic cross of rodent malaria parasites. Published in January of 2011, http://www.jove.com/details.php?id=2365 .</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are using genetic studies of <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>, isolated from wild African rodents to understand pathogenicity of malaria parasites. <i>P. yoelii</i> exhibits traits similar to human malaria viruses such as <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium malariae</i>. The article is a methods video and article describing how to obtain a genetic cross of rodent malaria parasites. Published in January of 2011, http://www.jove.com/details.php?id=2365 .</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67320&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* References */2011-11-02T03:47:25Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:47, 2 November 2011</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>-Li A, Russell B, Renia L, Lek-Uthai U, Nosten F, Lim C. High density of ‘spiky’ excrescences covering the surface of an erythrocyte infected with Plasmodium malariae. British Journal of Haematology</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>-Li A, Russell B, Renia L, Lek-Uthai U, Nosten F, Lim C. High density of ‘spiky’ excrescences covering the surface of an erythrocyte infected with Plasmodium malariae. British Journal of Haematology</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Coppi A, Natarajan R, Sinnis P, et al. The malaria circumsporozoite protein has two functional domains, each with distinct roles as sporozoites journey from mosquito to mammalian host. The Journal Of Experimental Medicine</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Coppi A, Natarajan R, Sinnis P, et al. The malaria circumsporozoite protein has two functional domains, each with distinct roles as sporozoites journey from mosquito to mammalian host. The Journal Of Experimental Medicine</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-Vinetz, Joseph M. M.D., Li, Jun M.D., Ph.D., McCutchan,Thomas F. Ph.D., and Kaslow, David C. "Plasmodium malariae Infection in an Asymptomatic 74-Year-Old Greek Woman with Splenomegaly" M.D.N Engl J Med 1998; 338:367-371February 5, 1998</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67315&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Current Research */2011-11-02T03:45:37Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Current Research</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:45, 2 November 2011</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In summary, a rare case of a PCR-confirmed monoinfection with Plasmodium malariae was present and rosetting occured in the peripheral blood film. The patient made a quick recovery with intravenous quinine.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In summary, a rare case of a PCR-confirmed monoinfection with Plasmodium malariae was present and rosetting occured in the peripheral blood film. The patient made a quick recovery with intravenous quinine.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Plasmodium malariae Infection in an Asymptomatic 74-Year-Old Greek Woman with Splenomegaly</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Malaria most commonly presents as an acute systemic, febrile illness may manifest due to Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, or P. malariae. The major malaria parasites of humans cause acute illness that may be accompanied by P. malariae is the only one recognized to cause asymptomatic infections that can last decades. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In May 1997, one year after chloroquine treatment, the infected patient was revaluated. She felt clinically well and had gained 10 kg. No abnormalities were found on physical examination. The spleen was no longer palpable, and ultrasonography confirmed that the spleen was of normal size. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that antibodies against P. malariae had declined by a factor of 4, and serum IgG and hemoglobin levels had returned to normal. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The presence of P. malariae was evaluated by determining the species-specific sequence of an 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in blood samples from the patient. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified DNA fragments from the patient's specimens confirmed the presence of an infection with P. malariae.(Vinetz)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cool Factor==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cool Factor==</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=67226&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Species */2011-11-02T02:50:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Species</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Plasmodium malariae</i><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><i>Plasmodium malariae</i><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i><br></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><i>Plasmodium vivax</i><br></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><i>Plasmodium ovale</i><br></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Description and significance==</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.shttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Plasmodium_malariae&diff=65842&oldid=prevZiegler.s: /* Cell structure and metabolism */2011-10-19T15:00:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Cell structure and metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell structure and metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Cell structure and metabolism==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The parasite Plasmodium malariae, takes on several structures during its 78 hour life cycle. We shall begin observing it starting with the structure it has in the salivary glands of the anopheles mosquito before it infects its mammalian host. It starts its cycle at this point as a Sporozoite, with Sporo meaning seed and zoite coming from the greek word zoo which means animal. A sporozoite (which can also be known as a falciform body), is an elongated nucleated cell. Its ability to glide on solid substrates, thus invading host cells is based on the help it receives from the trans membrane protein TRAP ((thrombospondin-related anonymous protein). Another protein that assists the Sporozoite with its attachement to its hosts cells and the sporozoite development is a multifunctional protein named circumsporozoite protein (CSP). This protein has been observed on the immature oocysts capsule (found in the mosquito host), but rarely in its cytoplasm. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The parasite Plasmodium malariae, takes on several structures during its 78 hour life cycle. We shall begin observing it starting with the structure it has in the salivary glands of the anopheles mosquito before it infects its mammalian host. It starts its cycle at this point as a Sporozoite, with Sporo meaning seed and zoite coming from the greek word zoo which means animal. A sporozoite (which can also be known as a falciform body), is an elongated nucleated cell. Its ability to glide on solid substrates, thus invading host cells is based on the help it receives from the trans membrane protein TRAP ((thrombospondin-related anonymous protein). Another protein that assists the Sporozoite with its attachement to its hosts cells and the sporozoite development is a multifunctional protein named circumsporozoite protein (CSP). This protein has been observed on the immature oocysts capsule (found in the mosquito host), but rarely in its cytoplasm. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Coppi </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Natarajan)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Once sporozoites enter the mammalian hosts body, they quickly travel to the liver. At the liver they differentiate into merozoites, which is the cell stage that binds via ligands to the host’s red blood cells. The P. malariae characteristically causes “spikes” in its host’s cell, with dimensions of a mean hight of 7·59 nm </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a mean diameter: 52·95 nm. This is a different morphology than that that other Plasmodium infections cause Red Blood Cells to undertake, and can be used to differentiate amongst the different infections. </del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Once sporozoites enter the mammalian hosts body, they quickly travel to the liver. At the liver they differentiate into merozoites, which is the cell stage that binds via ligands to the host’s red blood cells. The P. malariae characteristically causes “spikes” in its host’s cell, with dimensions of a mean hight of 7·59 nm and a mean diameter: 52·95 nm. This is a different morphology than that that other Plasmodium infections cause Red Blood Cells to undertake, and can be used to differentiate amongst the different infections. (Matuschewski and Nunes), (Li. A) </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another characteristic of P. malariae is that it does not appear to enlarge its host’s cell. Infection is observed by the fact that upon entrance to the cell, the merozoites appear to quickly take over, up to one third of the cell. As the invasion progresses, the cell begins to become segmented, with the merozoites filling up the cell, and the cells pigment darkening. The merozoites symmetrically arrange themselves in the cell wall, with the nucleus and cytoplasm separating. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another characteristic of P. malariae is that it does not appear to enlarge its host’s cell. Infection is observed by the fact that upon entrance to the cell, the merozoites appear to quickly take over, up to one third of the cell. As the invasion progresses, the cell begins to become segmented, with the merozoites filling up the cell, and the cells pigment darkening. The merozoites symmetrically arrange themselves in the cell wall, with the nucleus and cytoplasm separating. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At some point, the cell bursts, and the merozoites enter the blood stream. They then take on the developmental stage where they are called trophozoites. The next stage is a schizont, and following the burst of the schizont in the mammalian host, we have merozoites again. In the mosquito host, the developmental stages vary slightly, with the uptake of gametocytes, which later develop into ookinetes, and then oocysts, which then rupture to release sporozoites. The sporozoites can be then injected into a mammalian host.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At some point, the cell bursts, and the merozoites enter the blood stream. They then take on the developmental stage where they are called trophozoites. The next stage is a schizont, and following the burst of the schizont in the mammalian host, we have merozoites again. In the mosquito host, the developmental stages vary slightly, with the uptake of gametocytes, which later develop into ookinetes, and then oocysts, which then rupture to release sporozoites. The sporozoites can be then injected into a mammalian host<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.(Collins and Jeffrey)</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td></tr>
</table>Ziegler.s