Prosthecobacter: Difference between revisions

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'''NCBI:<br />[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=48463&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy]<br /> Genome '''
 
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[[Image:23364C.jpg|thumb|400px|right|''Prosthecobacter fusiformis''. [http://www.denniskunkel.com/index.php Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.]]]
[[Image:23364C.jpg|thumb|400px|right|''Prosthecobacter fusiformis''. [http://www.denniskunkel.com/index.php Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.]]]


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''Prosthecobacter debontii, P. dejongeii, P. fusiformis''
''Prosthecobacter debontii, P. dejongeii, P. fusiformis''
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'''NCBI: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=48463&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Taxonomy] Genome '''
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==Description and Significance==
==Description and Significance==
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==Ecology==
==Ecology==
 
[[Image:hedlund_photo.jpg|thumb|150px|right|''[http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/4/960 Prosthecobacter sp. strain FC2''. The arrow indicates the prostheca tip. Hedlund, Gosink, and Staley. "Phylogeny of Prosthecobacter, the Fusiform Caulobacters: Members of a Recently Discovered Division of the Bacteria."]]]
''Prosthecobacter'' are freshwater organisms. They have also been reported in antarctic sea ice.
''Prosthecobacter'' are freshwater organisms. They have also been reported in antarctic sea ice.
[[Image:hedlund_photo.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''[http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/4/960 Prosthecobacter sp. strain FC2''. The arrow indicates the prostheca tip. Hedlund, Gosink, and Staley. "Phylogeny of Prosthecobacter, the Fusiform Caulobacters: Members of a Recently Discovered Division of the Bacteria."]]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:37, 6 August 2010

This is a curated page. Report corrections to Microbewiki.

A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Prosthecobacter

Prosthecobacter fusiformis. Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.

Classification

Higher order taxa:

Bacteria; Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia group; Verrucomicrobia; Verrucomicrobiae; Verrucomicrobiales; Verrucomicrobiaceae

Species:

Prosthecobacter debontii, P. dejongeii, P. fusiformis

NCBI: Taxonomy Genome

Description and Significance

Prosthecobacter were originally described as fusiform caulobacter. They are Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacteria. Although usually independent organisms, sometimes individual Prosthecobacter will aggregate.

Genome Structure

A distinctive characteristic of Prosthecobacter is the presence of tubulin-like genes. Tubulins, which are compoents of the microtubule cytoskeleten, have never been observed in bacteria. Most bacteria have a homologous structure, FtsZ. Prosthecobacter are the exception to this, containing genes that have higher sequence-homology to eukaryotic tubulin than FtsZ. These genes are called bacterial tubulin a (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin b (BtubB). The properties are not exactly same. For example, dimerization is weak and chaperone folding is independent. However, surface loops and protofilaments are extremely similar. It has been hypothesized that BtubA and BtubB were transferred to Prosthecobacter from eukaryotic cells through horizontal gene transfer.

Cell Structure and Metabolism

A distinguishing factor of Prosthecobacter is the presence of prosthecae. Prosthecae are narrow extensions of the cell wall. They contain cytoplasm. Prosthecobacter have a single polar prosthecae. Prosthecobacter have cell walls made out of peptidoglycan. These cells are coccoid, rod, or fusiform-shaped and nonmotile.

Prosthecobacter are heterotrophic organisms. They are often refereed to as oligotrophic bacteria, meaning that they thrive in low-nutrient environments. In fact, diluted nutrients are required for growth.

Prosthecobacter fusiformis lacks a dimorphic life cycle. Instead, members of this organism divide symmetrically. The new cells that result have prostheca at the time of division.

Ecology

Prosthecobacter are freshwater organisms. They have also been reported in antarctic sea ice.

References

Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.

Hedlund, Brian P., John J. Gosink, and James T. Staley. "Phylogeny of Prosthecobacter, the Fusiform Caulobacters: Members of a Recently Discovered Division of the Bacteria." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. October 1996;46(4):960-966.

Jenkins, Cheryl, Ram Samudrala, Iain Anderson, Brian P. Hedlund, Giulio Petroni, Natasha Michailova, Nicoals Pinel, Ross Overbeek, Giovanna Rosati, and James T. Staley. "Genes for the cytoskeletal protein tubulin in the bacterial genus Prosthecobacter." PNAS. December 2004;99(26):17049–17054.

Schlesner, Heinz, Cheryl Jenkins, and James T. Staley. "The Phylum Verrucomicrobia: A Phylogenetically Heterogeneous Bacterial Group." The Prokaryotes. 18 March 2005. Accessed 8 July 2005.

2005.pdf Schlieper, Daniel, Mari´a A. Oliva, Jose´ M. Andreu, and Jan Lowe. "Structure of bacterial tubulin BtubA/B:Evidence for horizontal gene transfer." PNAS. 28 June 2005;102(26):9170–9175.

Staley, James T. "The Genera Prosthecomicrobium, Ancalomicrobium, and Prosthecobacter." The Prokaryotes. 18 March 2005. Accessed 8 July 2005.

Staley, JT, JA Bont, and K Jonge. "Prosthecobacter fusiformis nov. gen. et sp., the fusiform caulobacter." Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1976;42(3):333-42.