https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&feed=atom&action=historyPseudoalteromonas - Revision history2024-03-28T22:13:09ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85101&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Advantages of a Symbiotic Relationship with Anti-Fouling Microbes */2013-04-27T02:44:58Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Advantages of a Symbiotic Relationship with Anti-Fouling Microbes</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Advantages </del>of a Symbiotic Relationship with Anti-Fouling Microbes===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The Advantage </ins>of a Symbiotic Relationship with Anti-Fouling Microbes===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br>Barnacles, mollusks, seaweed and tube worms are the common organisms associated with biofouling activities, but in fact, there is a huge diversity of biofouling organisms. Over 1700 species have been identified to be responsible for biofouling. Many organisms have developed anti-fouling strategies to combat biofouling activities of other organisms. The drawback of having an anti-fouling system is that it is energetically costly for the organism. It has been hypothesized that some eukaryotes do not use chemical or physical anti-fouling systems due to their energy cost, and rely instead on a microbial defense. They do this by allowing microbes, capable of producing anti-fouling compounds, to grow on their surfaces and form biofilms.<b></b><sup>[5]</sup><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br>Barnacles, mollusks, seaweed and tube worms are the common organisms associated with biofouling activities, but in fact, there is a huge diversity of biofouling organisms. Over 1700 species have been identified to be responsible for biofouling. Many organisms have developed anti-fouling strategies to combat biofouling activities of other organisms. The drawback of having an anti-fouling system is that it is energetically costly for the organism. It has been hypothesized that some eukaryotes do not use chemical or physical anti-fouling systems due to their energy cost, and rely instead on a microbial defense. They do this by allowing microbes, capable of producing anti-fouling compounds, to grow on their surfaces and form biofilms.<b></b><sup>[5]</sup><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85100&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Eukaryote Anti-Fouling Strategies */2013-04-27T02:43:45Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Eukaryote Anti-Fouling Strategies</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Eukaryote </del>Anti-Fouling <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Strategies</del>===</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Advantages of a Symbiotic Relationship with </ins>Anti-Fouling <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Microbes</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br>Barnacles, mollusks, seaweed and tube worms are the common organisms associated with biofouling activities, but in fact, there is a huge diversity of biofouling organisms. Over 1700 species have been identified to be responsible for biofouling. Many organisms have developed anti-fouling strategies to combat biofouling activities of other organisms. The drawback of having an anti-fouling system is that it is energetically costly for the organism. It has been hypothesized that some eukaryotes do not use chemical or physical anti-fouling systems due to their energy cost, and rely instead on a microbial defense. They do this by allowing microbes, capable of producing anti-fouling compounds, to grow on their surfaces and form biofilms.<b></b><sup>[5]</sup><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br>Barnacles, mollusks, seaweed and tube worms are the common organisms associated with biofouling activities, but in fact, there is a huge diversity of biofouling organisms. Over 1700 species have been identified to be responsible for biofouling. Many organisms have developed anti-fouling strategies to combat biofouling activities of other organisms. The drawback of having an anti-fouling system is that it is energetically costly for the organism. It has been hypothesized that some eukaryotes do not use chemical or physical anti-fouling systems due to their energy cost, and rely instead on a microbial defense. They do this by allowing microbes, capable of producing anti-fouling compounds, to grow on their surfaces and form biofilms.<b></b><sup>[5]</sup><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85097&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Anti-Bacterial Activity */2013-04-27T02:40:02Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anti-Bacterial Activity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Bromination.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gif</del>|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Bromination.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jpg</ins>|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85096&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Anti-Bacterial Activity */2013-04-27T02:39:20Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anti-Bacterial Activity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Brominated</del>.gif|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bromination</ins>.gif|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85094&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Anti-Bacterial Activity */2013-04-27T02:38:01Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anti-Bacterial Activity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Brominated.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jpg</del>|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Brominated.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gif</ins>|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85092&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Anti-Bacterial Activity */2013-04-27T02:36:28Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anti-Bacterial Activity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> produce a broad range of anti-bacterial products which have been found to aid them in the colonization of surfaces including their hosts and to assist the bacterial cells in their competition for nutrients and space as well as in their protection against predators grazing at surfaces.<b></b><sup>[3]</sup></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> produce a broad range of anti-bacterial products which have been found to aid them in the colonization of surfaces including their hosts and to assist the bacterial cells in their competition for nutrients and space as well as in their protection against predators grazing at surfaces.<b></b><sup>[3]</sup></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of the<i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strains that form antibiotic substances are pigmented, but there are some exceptions.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Brominated.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Brominated compounds formed by Pseudoalteromonas species.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>P. denitrificans</i> produces a red pigment which has been identified as a cyclodigiosin hydrochloride. This substance has been shown to suppress T-cell proliferation and had been proposed to be used as an immunosuppressant therapeutic agent.<b></b><sup>[2]</sup> Strains of <i>P. luteoviolacea</i> have been found to produce two classes of antibiotic compounds: polyanionic macromolecules, which are associated with proteins and partly diffusible in culture media, and low-molecular-weight brominated compounds, including pentabromopseudilin, which are cell bound and not diffusible into media. The polyvalent ions have been found to have a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriostatic_agent bateriostatic] effect by inhibiting bacterial respiration, while the brominated compounds have been found to have a strong [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriostatic_agent batericidal] effect, but the mechanism is still unknown. <b></b><sup>[3]</sup> One specific strain of P. luteoviolacea produces a purple pigment classified as violacein. This pigment has shown a strong anti-bacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria, as well as against bacteria that can induce larval settlement of the tubeworm. In addition, violacein shows strong bactericidal, tumoricide, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-protozoan activities.<b></b><sup>[6]</sup> It is thought that the purpose of violacein is to protect the host of <i>P. luteoviolacea</i> from harmful microorganisms that may otherwise colonize it. The bacterium <i>P. citrea</i> have been found to produce two proteinaceous compounds. These compounds induce an increased rate of oxygen consumption in susceptible bacterial species causing them to accumulate oxygen free radicals, which lead to lethal cell damage. <i>P. haloplanktis</i> produces an unusually bioactive iron siderophore, bisucaberin, which had the ability to block DNA synthesis in tumor cells as well as induce microphage mediated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolysis cytolysis]. Siderophore production in <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species gives them the advantage in an iron poor marine environment. <b></b><sup>[2]</sup> <i>P. phenolica</i> form brown-pigmented colonies that produce phenolic anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) substances. MRSA is a gram-positive pathogen that has become multi-drug-resistant. <i>P. phenolica</i> has the potential to have a significant impact in the medical industry because of its anti-MRSA activities.<b></b><sup>[4]</sup> The exact scope and ecological role of antibiotic production by <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> is still under investigation. Many more novel natural products produced by <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> need to be discovered, along with how they may be used for biocontrol or in pharmaceuticals.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>P. denitrificans</i> produces a red pigment which has been identified as a cyclodigiosin hydrochloride. This substance has been shown to suppress T-cell proliferation and had been proposed to be used as an immunosuppressant therapeutic agent.<b></b><sup>[2]</sup> Strains of <i>P. luteoviolacea</i> have been found to produce two classes of antibiotic compounds: polyanionic macromolecules, which are associated with proteins and partly diffusible in culture media, and low-molecular-weight brominated compounds, including pentabromopseudilin, which are cell bound and not diffusible into media. The polyvalent ions have been found to have a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriostatic_agent bateriostatic] effect by inhibiting bacterial respiration, while the brominated compounds have been found to have a strong [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriostatic_agent batericidal] effect, but the mechanism is still unknown. <b></b><sup>[3]</sup> One specific strain of P. luteoviolacea produces a purple pigment classified as violacein. This pigment has shown a strong anti-bacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria, as well as against bacteria that can induce larval settlement of the tubeworm. In addition, violacein shows strong bactericidal, tumoricide, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-protozoan activities.<b></b><sup>[6]</sup> It is thought that the purpose of violacein is to protect the host of <i>P. luteoviolacea</i> from harmful microorganisms that may otherwise colonize it. The bacterium <i>P. citrea</i> have been found to produce two proteinaceous compounds. These compounds induce an increased rate of oxygen consumption in susceptible bacterial species causing them to accumulate oxygen free radicals, which lead to lethal cell damage. <i>P. haloplanktis</i> produces an unusually bioactive iron siderophore, bisucaberin, which had the ability to block DNA synthesis in tumor cells as well as induce microphage mediated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolysis cytolysis]. Siderophore production in <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species gives them the advantage in an iron poor marine environment. <b></b><sup>[2]</sup> <i>P. phenolica</i> form brown-pigmented colonies that produce phenolic anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) substances. MRSA is a gram-positive pathogen that has become multi-drug-resistant. <i>P. phenolica</i> has the potential to have a significant impact in the medical industry because of its anti-MRSA activities.<b></b><sup>[4]</sup> The exact scope and ecological role of antibiotic production by <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> is still under investigation. Many more novel natural products produced by <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> need to be discovered, along with how they may be used for biocontrol or in pharmaceuticals.</div></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85091&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Anti-Fouling Activity */2013-04-27T02:30:19Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anti-Fouling Activity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anti-Fouling Activity==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anti-Fouling Activity==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Boat fouling organisms (4875278100).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Biofouling organisms on the bottom of a boat. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Biofilm_id</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">JPG</del>.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Boat fouling organisms (4875278100).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Biofouling organisms on the bottom of a boat. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Boat_fouling_organisms_(4875278100)</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jpg</ins>.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85090&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Extracellular Polysaccharides */2013-04-27T02:29:45Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Extracellular Polysaccharides</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Extracellular Polysaccharides===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Extracellular Polysaccharides===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Biofilm_id.jpg|thumb|300px|left|5 stages of biofilm development. Stage 1, initial attachment; stage 2, irreversible attachment; stage 3, maturation I; stage 4, maturation II; stage 5, dispersion. Each stage of development in the diagram is paired with a photomicrograph of a developing P. aeruginosa biofilm. All photomicrographs are shown to same scale.<sup>[7]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Biofilm_id.jpg|thumb|300px|left|5 stages of biofilm development. Stage 1, initial attachment; stage 2, irreversible attachment; stage 3, maturation I; stage 4, maturation II; stage 5, dispersion. Each stage of development in the diagram is paired with a photomicrograph of a developing P. aeruginosa biofilm. All photomicrographs are shown to same scale. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biofilm_id.JPG</ins><sup>[7]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species can also produce extracellular compounds that promote the survival of other marine organisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been shown to enhance the survival of other organisms in marine habitats. Bacteria, such as <i>P. sp. Strain S9</i> that produce EPS, allow a higher degree of larval settlement and their subsequent metamorphosis and development. The secretion of EPS can benefit the survival of both the host and other organisms in the near vicinity of the producer strain by providing a protective barrier against antibiotics, against predation of protozoa and by enhancing nutrient uptake. EPS provides survival strategies for cells much like a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm biofilm].<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species can also produce extracellular compounds that promote the survival of other marine organisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been shown to enhance the survival of other organisms in marine habitats. Bacteria, such as <i>P. sp. Strain S9</i> that produce EPS, allow a higher degree of larval settlement and their subsequent metamorphosis and development. The secretion of EPS can benefit the survival of both the host and other organisms in the near vicinity of the producer strain by providing a protective barrier against antibiotics, against predation of protozoa and by enhancing nutrient uptake. EPS provides survival strategies for cells much like a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm biofilm].<br></div></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85088&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Anti-Fouling Activity */2013-04-27T02:29:12Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Anti-Fouling Activity</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Boat fouling organisms (4875278100).jpg</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Boat fouling organisms (4875278100).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Biofouling organisms on the bottom of a boat.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Boat fouling organisms (4875278100).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Biofouling organisms on the bottom of a boat<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biofilm_id.JPG</ins>.<sup>[1]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofouling Biofouling] is the accumulation of microorganism, plants, algae or animal on the wetted surface of a host organism or substrate (e.g. the underside of dock, boats, submerged rock etc.). Biofouling is occurring constantly in marine environments. Bacteria are among the first organisms to foul wetted surfaces through the formation of biofilms. The biofilm made by these microorganisms, serves as a structural base for attachment and growth of other organisms such as other microorganisms, plants, algae, sessile plants, invertabrates and animals. When biofouling communities reach maturity, they become highly dynamic and complex ecosystems that are extremely difficult to eradicate.<b></b><sup>[1]</sup><br></div></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Pseudoalteromonas&diff=85085&oldid=prevJsmrecek4959: /* Extracellular Polysaccharides */2013-04-27T02:27:00Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Extracellular Polysaccharides</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Extracellular Polysaccharides===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Extracellular Polysaccharides===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Biofilm_id.jpg|thumb|300px|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">right</del>|5 stages of biofilm development. Stage 1, initial attachment; stage 2, irreversible attachment; stage 3, maturation I; stage 4, maturation II; stage 5, dispersion. Each stage of development in the diagram is paired with a photomicrograph of a developing P. aeruginosa biofilm. All photomicrographs are shown to same scale.<sup>[7]</sup>.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Biofilm_id.jpg|thumb|300px|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">left</ins>|5 stages of biofilm development. Stage 1, initial attachment; stage 2, irreversible attachment; stage 3, maturation I; stage 4, maturation II; stage 5, dispersion. Each stage of development in the diagram is paired with a photomicrograph of a developing P. aeruginosa biofilm. All photomicrographs are shown to same scale.<sup>[7]</sup>.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species can also produce extracellular compounds that promote the survival of other marine organisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been shown to enhance the survival of other organisms in marine habitats. Bacteria, such as <i>P. sp. Strain S9</i> that produce EPS, allow a higher degree of larval settlement and their subsequent metamorphosis and development. The secretion of EPS can benefit the survival of both the host and other organisms in the near vicinity of the producer strain by providing a protective barrier against antibiotics, against predation of protozoa and by enhancing nutrient uptake. EPS provides survival strategies for cells much like a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm biofilm].<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><br><i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> species can also produce extracellular compounds that promote the survival of other marine organisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) has been shown to enhance the survival of other organisms in marine habitats. Bacteria, such as <i>P. sp. Strain S9</i> that produce EPS, allow a higher degree of larval settlement and their subsequent metamorphosis and development. The secretion of EPS can benefit the survival of both the host and other organisms in the near vicinity of the producer strain by providing a protective barrier against antibiotics, against predation of protozoa and by enhancing nutrient uptake. EPS provides survival strategies for cells much like a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm biofilm].<br></div></td></tr>
</table>Jsmrecek4959