Pseudomonas entomophila

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Classification

Higher order taxa

Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas

Genus

Pseudomonas entomophila


NCBI: Taxonomy

Description and significance

Pseudomonas entomophila is a Gram negative bacteria, found in soil, aquatic, or rhizosphere environments. It was first isolated from the species Drosophila melanogaster. Once ingested, causes lethality in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults. Pseudomonas entomophila's significance is that its the first known Pseudomonas strain to be pathogenic in Drosophila melanogaster, while devoid of a type III secretion system. Pseudomonas entomophila's genome encodes insecticidal toxins, a diffusible haemolytic activity, lipases, extracellular proteases, and potential adhesions which cluster with type I or II secretion system proteins. Being relatively harmless to plant life, Pseudomonas entomophila may be used for future insecticides.

Genome structure

DNA; circular; Length: 5,888,780 nt; Replicon Type: chromosome

Cell structure and metabolism

Gram negative. Flagella present. Three proteins PSEEN0141, PSEEN2177, and PSEEN3946 involved in adhesion to host surfaces and promoting colonization. Its metabolism includes the pentose phosphate pathway, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and an incomplete Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway due to the absence of 6-phophofructokinase. Its genome encodes for hydrolytic activities, lipases, proteases, a set of 19 uncharacterized hydrolases involved in the degradation of polymers found within the soil.

Ecology

Pathogenic interaction with Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster maintains a hostile environment for microbes by secreting antimicrobial factors such as lysozymes and other digestive enzymes. P. entomophila's genome consists four catalases, two superoxide dismutases, three hydroperoxide reductases, and eleven glutathione-S-transferases, which are involved in resistance to oxidative stress produced by D. melanogaster to prevent microbial proliferation within the gut.

Pathology

Pseudomonas entomophila's persistence within the gut initiates a local and systemic immune response in the insect. Virulence factor found to be lethality among Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults, as well as other insects. Its genome is devoid of genes encoding enzymes albe to breakdown plant cell walls, leading to its nonpathogenesis in plants.

Application to Biotechnology

Pseudomonas entomophila produces three TccC-type compounds PSEEN2485, PSEEN2697, and PSEEN2788, all of which are insecticidal toxins. It also secretes a diffusible hemolytic activity which may be involved in pathogenicity in insects. Bacterial hemolysins act as exotoxins that cell rupture by attacking blood cell membranes. It also produces proteases, three serine proteases PSEEN3027, PSEEN3028, PSEEN4433 and an alkaline protease PSEEN1550. Proteases contribute to the virulence among different species.

Current Research

Enter summaries of the most recent research here--at least three required

References

PubMed=16699499; [ NCBI , Israel , Japan ]

Vodovar N., Vallenet D., Cruveiller S., Rouy Z., Barbe V., Acosta C., Cattolico L., Jubin C., Lajus A., Segurens B., Vacherie B., Wincker P., Weissenbach J., Lemaitre B., Medigue C., Boccard F. "Complete genome sequence of the entomopathogenic and metabolically versatile soil bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila." Nat. Biotechnol. 24:673-679(2006).

EBI Proteome Analysis page


Edited by student of Jason Kim