Rabies Lyssavirus: Difference between revisions

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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
[[image: DigiRabies.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Figure 1. Digital Illustration of the <i>Rabies Lyssavirus</i>. https://www.thetraveldoctor.com.au/world-rabies-day-2013/]]
[[image: DigiRabies.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Figure 1. Digital Illustration of the <i>Rabies Lyssavirus</i>. https://www.thetraveldoctor.com.au/world-rabies-day-2013/]]
<i>Rabies Lyssavirus</i>, commonly known as the <i>Rabies virus</i>, is a type of neurotropic virus that causes rabies in mammals, insects, reptiles and birds.
<i>Rabies Lyssavirus</i>, commonly known as the <i>Rabies virus</i>, is a type of neurotropic virus that causes rabies in mammals, insects, reptiles and birds.<ref>https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351821</ref>
Rabies virus is preventable for humans through vaccination or fast-acting shot that contains rabies immune globulin after one got bitten. If bites from rabies-infected animals did not receive immediate care and rabies symptoms start to appear in patients, it is usually fetal.  
Rabies virus is preventable for humans through vaccination or fast-acting shot that contains rabies immune globulin after one got bitten. If bites from rabies-infected animals did not receive immediate care and rabies symptoms start to appear in patients, it is usually fetal.  
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Revision as of 13:35, 8 November 2019

Introduction

Figure 1. Digital Illustration of the Rabies Lyssavirus. https://www.thetraveldoctor.com.au/world-rabies-day-2013/

Rabies Lyssavirus, commonly known as the Rabies virus, is a type of neurotropic virus that causes rabies in mammals, insects, reptiles and birds.[1] Rabies virus is preventable for humans through vaccination or fast-acting shot that contains rabies immune globulin after one got bitten. If bites from rabies-infected animals did not receive immediate care and rabies symptoms start to appear in patients, it is usually fetal.
Once the Rabies virus is transmitted through bite or saliva of rabid animals, it will transmit to the central nervous system(CNS) and infects the peripheral nerves.
There is currently no cure for Rabies virus, and it carries approximately 60,000 lives away each year.










Structure

Rabies Lyssavirus belongs to the family Rhabdoviruses and the genus Lyssavirus. Rabies Lyssavirus is a bullet-shaped RNA virus that contains one copy of a enveloped single-stranded non-coding RNA genome. Rabies Lyssavirus genome encodes five essential structural proteins:

Nucleoprotein(N):
The nucleoprotein encapsidates the non-coding RNA genome to form the viral ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). The resulting RNP is responsible for the protection of rabies virus genome from RNA degradation cause by ribonuclease. Other than genome protection, nucleoprotein is also a antigens for viruses due to their group and strain-specific antigenic determinants.

Phosphoprotein(P):

Polymerase protein(L):

Matrix Protein(M):

Glycoprotein(G):
Forms glycoprotein spikes on the outer envelope of the virus, which allows the virus to be recognized and aid in its binding to host cells.


The two major components of the Rabies virus are the ribonucleoprotein complex(RNP) and the surrounding cell envelope.
Out of the five proteins, nucleoprotein(N), Phosphoprotein(P), and Polymerase protein(P) are associated with the RNP. The matrix protein is responsible for covering and keeping the RNP in a condensed form. The rabies virus envelope is constructed of a phospholipid bilayer with glycoprotein spikes.

Genetics

Include some current research, with a second image.

Evolution

Research, image.

Vaccination

Figure 3. A Dog Owner is Getting Their YorkShire Terrier Puppy Vaccinated for Rabies Virus in Taipei, China.http://www.startribune.com/minn-veterinarians-giving-three-year-rabies-vaccine-every-two-years/218239311/


Research, pre and post vaccination, image

Case Studies

Jeanna Giese and California girl 2009, similar Milwaukee treatment. Image

Figure 4. A cute looking Bat staring at the camera.https://imgur.com/gallery/azCVJ

Research

Research directions: permeability of the blood-brain barrier, central nervous system. Rabies virus outer shell, which is unable to cause disease, can be used in other medical field.

Conclusion

Overall text length should be at least 1,000 words (before counting references), with at least 2 images. Include at least 5 references under Reference section.


References


Edited by Yangyang Liu, student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 116 Information in Living Systems, 2019, Kenyon College.