https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&feed=atom&action=historyRio Tinto (Spain) - Revision history2024-03-29T08:24:33ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=55205&oldid=prevBarichD at 20:19, 26 August 20102010-08-26T20:19:18Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Uncurated}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Introduction==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Introduction==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Rio-Tinto.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Red waters of the Rio Tinto! [7] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Rio-Tinto.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Red waters of the Rio Tinto! [7] ]]</div></td></tr>
</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=53701&oldid=prevAkent: /* Physical environment */2010-04-28T06:23:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Physical environment</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Physical environment==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Physical environment==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Rio Tinto is known for its extreme environmental conditions of low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals. On average the pH of the water is around 2, but may very through out the water system. Some areas measured as low as a pH 1.1 while other areas have recorded pH levels as high as 3. It has been observed that the pH tends to be lower in beginning of the river and higher as the river nears the mouth. There are three primary heavy metals found in the water column, they are iron, copper, and zinc. Their averages through out the year can range from 0.4g/L-20.3g/L for Iron, 0.02g/L-0.7g/L for copper, and 0.02g/L-0.56g/L for zinc. The concentrations of heavy metals within the water column have been found to vary seasonally. In the summer months of June through September the heavy metal concentrations seem to be the highest. It is thought that this occurs due to that time of year being the dry season and having warmer temperatures. This results in lower water levels due to less rain and increased evaporation. These two conditions concentrate the heavy metals within the water system since less water is entering and more is leaving before ever reaching the mouth at the Atlantic. The average water temperatures range from <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">25*C </del>in the summer to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">15*C </del>in the winter. As with most aquatic ecosystems the dissolved oxygen levels also very seasonally with the winter months containing higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen when compared to the warmer summer months.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Rio Tinto is known for its extreme environmental conditions of low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals. On average the pH of the water is around 2, but may very through out the water system. Some areas measured as low as a pH 1.1 while other areas have recorded pH levels as high as 3. It has been observed that the pH tends to be lower in beginning of the river and higher as the river nears the mouth. There are three primary heavy metals found in the water column, they are iron, copper, and zinc. Their averages through out the year can range from 0.4g/L-20.3g/L for Iron, 0.02g/L-0.7g/L for copper, and 0.02g/L-0.56g/L for zinc. The concentrations of heavy metals within the water column have been found to vary seasonally. In the summer months of June through September the heavy metal concentrations seem to be the highest. It is thought that this occurs due to that time of year being the dry season and having warmer temperatures. This results in lower water levels due to less rain and increased evaporation. These two conditions concentrate the heavy metals within the water system since less water is entering and more is leaving before ever reaching the mouth at the Atlantic. The average water temperatures range from <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">25°C </ins>in the summer to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">15°C </ins>in the winter. As with most aquatic ecosystems the dissolved oxygen levels also very seasonally with the winter months containing higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen when compared to the warmer summer months.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Akenthttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=53700&oldid=prevAkent: /* Protist research */2010-04-28T06:22:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Protist research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Protist research===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Protist research===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====1.</del>==== From Genes to Genomes: Beyond Biodiversity in Spain's Rio Tinto<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- </del>Within the experiment scientists wanted to study how protist acidophiles (whom are very closely related to neutrophiles) were able to adapt to acidic conditions. They have isolated phylogenetically diverse protists to compare ion transporting ATPases between acidophiles and neutrophiles. It was hypothesized that special properties of ion transporters are what is responsible for protists to survive in the Rio Tinto. It was later concluded that there are still many undiscovered lineages within the system that allow for the survival of the protists. [6]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== From Genes to Genomes: Beyond Biodiversity in Spain's Rio Tinto<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Within the experiment scientists wanted to study how protist acidophiles (whom are very closely related to neutrophiles) were able to adapt to acidic conditions. They have isolated phylogenetically diverse protists to compare ion transporting ATPases between acidophiles and neutrophiles. It was hypothesized that special properties of ion transporters are what is responsible for protists to survive in the Rio Tinto. It was later concluded that there are still many undiscovered lineages within the system that allow for the survival of the protists. [6]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
</table>Akenthttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=53699&oldid=prevAkent: /* Mars research */2010-04-28T06:22:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mars research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1. </del>Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers====</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2. </del>Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE)====</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE)====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This experiment entailed testing recently developed equipment for landing and drilling into the surface of Mars in search of subsurface life. The Rio Tinto site was chosen due to having similar characteristics to Mars. The experiment was done with robotics that drilled deep into the surface of the Rio Tinto(up to 6 meters deep). All drillings were remotely performed by scientists off site. The conclusion was that it is entirely possible for a procedure similar to this one to be successful on the surface of mars.[5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This experiment entailed testing recently developed equipment for landing and drilling into the surface of Mars in search of subsurface life. The Rio Tinto site was chosen due to having similar characteristics to Mars. The experiment was done with robotics that drilled deep into the surface of the Rio Tinto(up to 6 meters deep). All drillings were remotely performed by scientists off site. The conclusion was that it is entirely possible for a procedure similar to this one to be successful on the surface of mars.[5]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Akenthttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=53698&oldid=prevAkent: /* Mars research */2010-04-28T06:21:53Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mars research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1. Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- </del>The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</ins>1. Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- </del>This experiment entailed testing recently developed equipment for landing and drilling into the surface of Mars in search of subsurface life. The Rio Tinto site was chosen due to having similar characteristics to Mars. The experiment was done with robotics that drilled deep into the surface of the Rio Tinto(up to 6 meters deep). All drillings were remotely performed by scientists off site. The conclusion was that it is entirely possible for a procedure similar to this one to be successful on the surface of mars.[5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</ins>2. Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This experiment entailed testing recently developed equipment for landing and drilling into the surface of Mars in search of subsurface life. The Rio Tinto site was chosen due to having similar characteristics to Mars. The experiment was done with robotics that drilled deep into the surface of the Rio Tinto(up to 6 meters deep). All drillings were remotely performed by scientists off site. The conclusion was that it is entirely possible for a procedure similar to this one to be successful on the surface of mars.[5]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Protist research===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Protist research===</div></td></tr>
</table>Akenthttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=53697&oldid=prevAkent: /* Mars research */2010-04-28T06:21:16Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mars research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mars research===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mars research===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</del>1.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==== </del>Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers- The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers- The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">====</del>2.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==== </del>Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE)- This experiment entailed testing recently developed equipment for landing and drilling into the surface of Mars in search of subsurface life. The Rio Tinto site was chosen due to having similar characteristics to Mars. The experiment was done with robotics that drilled deep into the surface of the Rio Tinto(up to 6 meters deep). All drillings were remotely performed by scientists off site. The conclusion was that it is entirely possible for a procedure similar to this one to be successful on the surface of mars.[5]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE)- This experiment entailed testing recently developed equipment for landing and drilling into the surface of Mars in search of subsurface life. The Rio Tinto site was chosen due to having similar characteristics to Mars. The experiment was done with robotics that drilled deep into the surface of the Rio Tinto(up to 6 meters deep). All drillings were remotely performed by scientists off site. The conclusion was that it is entirely possible for a procedure similar to this one to be successful on the surface of mars.[5]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Protist research===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Protist research===</div></td></tr>
</table>Akenthttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=53696&oldid=prevAkent: /* Mars research */2010-04-28T06:18:46Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Mars research</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mars research===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Mars research===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====1.==== Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers- The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====1.==== Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers- The purpose of this research was to analyze the photoreduction properties of Fe(III) for the Rio Tinto ecosystem. This will allow a better understanding of if this process is capable of supplying enough Fe(II) to be oxidized by bacteria, thus releasing enough free energy to support biological processes on mars. The conclusion is that this process could possibly play an important part on mars or other planetary systems.[4]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Akenthttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=51658&oldid=prevDepasqu2: /* Introduction */2010-04-21T21:49:26Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Rio Tinto is a river in Southwestern Spain. It is a total of 100km long and flows from the city of Pena de Hierro out to the Atlantic Ocean in Huela. The waters of the Rio Tinto flow red due to a high concentration of ferric iron. The river is known as an extreme environment due to its low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals. The region has been an important copper mining area for the last 5000 years. It was originally thought that the low pH was caused by the copper mining, but it was later discovered that the low pH is a result of microbial activity and not of the anthropogenic impacts. The microbial eukaryotic communities show a stronger correlation with the concentration of heavy metals then with the pH of the water. What makes this acidic water system so unique is the fact that its primary contributor of biomass comes from eukaryotic micro organisms. It is estimated that up to 65% of total biomass within the system comes from these eukaryotic communities. The location of the primary biomass occurs on the river bends where dense compact <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">biofilms form </del>[[Stream biofilm]]. These biofilms are primarily composed of fungi and algae. This is unique because most acidic waters with high metal concentrations are toxic to eukaryotes and limit both growth and biodiversity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Rio Tinto is a river in Southwestern Spain. It is a total of 100km long and flows from the city of Pena de Hierro out to the Atlantic Ocean in Huela. The waters of the Rio Tinto flow red due to a high concentration of ferric iron. The river is known as an extreme environment due to its low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals. The region has been an important copper mining area for the last 5000 years. It was originally thought that the low pH was caused by the copper mining, but it was later discovered that the low pH is a result of microbial activity and not of the anthropogenic impacts. The microbial eukaryotic communities show a stronger correlation with the concentration of heavy metals then with the pH of the water. What makes this acidic water system so unique is the fact that its primary contributor of biomass comes from eukaryotic micro organisms. It is estimated that up to 65% of total biomass within the system comes from these eukaryotic communities. The location of the primary biomass occurs on the river bends where <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a </ins>dense compact [[Stream biofilm]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">forms</ins>. These biofilms are primarily composed of fungi and algae. This is unique because most acidic waters with high metal concentrations are toxic to eukaryotes and limit both growth and biodiversity.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Physical environment==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Physical environment==</div></td></tr>
</table>Depasqu2https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=51657&oldid=prevDepasqu2: /* Introduction */2010-04-21T21:48:27Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Introduction</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Rio Tinto is a river in Southwestern Spain. It is a total of 100km long and flows from the city of Pena de Hierro out to the Atlantic Ocean in Huela. The waters of the Rio Tinto flow red due to a high concentration of ferric iron. The river is known as an extreme environment due to its low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals. The region has been an important copper mining area for the last 5000 years. It was originally thought that the low pH was caused by the copper mining, but it was later discovered that the low pH is a result of microbial activity and not of the anthropogenic impacts. The microbial eukaryotic communities show a stronger correlation with the concentration of heavy metals then with the pH of the water. What makes this acidic water system so unique is the fact that its primary contributor of biomass comes from eukaryotic micro organisms. It is estimated that up to 65% of total biomass within the system comes from these eukaryotic communities. The location of the primary biomass occurs on the river bends where dense compact biofilms form. These biofilms are primarily composed of fungi and algae. This is unique because most acidic waters with high metal concentrations are toxic to eukaryotes and limit both growth and biodiversity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Rio Tinto is a river in Southwestern Spain. It is a total of 100km long and flows from the city of Pena de Hierro out to the Atlantic Ocean in Huela. The waters of the Rio Tinto flow red due to a high concentration of ferric iron. The river is known as an extreme environment due to its low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals. The region has been an important copper mining area for the last 5000 years. It was originally thought that the low pH was caused by the copper mining, but it was later discovered that the low pH is a result of microbial activity and not of the anthropogenic impacts. The microbial eukaryotic communities show a stronger correlation with the concentration of heavy metals then with the pH of the water. What makes this acidic water system so unique is the fact that its primary contributor of biomass comes from eukaryotic micro organisms. It is estimated that up to 65% of total biomass within the system comes from these eukaryotic communities. The location of the primary biomass occurs on the river bends where dense compact biofilms form <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Stream biofilm]]</ins>. These biofilms are primarily composed of fungi and algae. This is unique because most acidic waters with high metal concentrations are toxic to eukaryotes and limit both growth and biodiversity.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Physical environment==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Physical environment==</div></td></tr>
</table>Depasqu2https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto_(Spain)&diff=51654&oldid=prevDepasqu2: /* Biological interactions */2010-04-21T21:45:53Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Biological interactions</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:45, 21 April 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important biological interaction within the Rio Tinto is the decrease in pH due to the oxidation of sulfur by acidic chemolithotrophic organisms. This effects everything within the aquatic ecosystem. Its so extreme that the average microbe cant even sustain life there. Everything within the ecosystem seems to revolve around the Iron and Sulfur cycles within the system. Iron oxidizing prokaryotes and iron reducers are capable of functioning in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The Ferric Iron produced is a limiting factor placed upon the Sulfur cycle. Below is a diagram to better show how Iron and Sulfur cycles are tied together, along with how the microbial populations work together to complete the cycles.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The most important biological interaction within the Rio Tinto is the decrease in pH due to the oxidation of sulfur by acidic chemolithotrophic organisms. This effects everything within the aquatic ecosystem. Its so extreme that the average microbe cant even sustain life there. Everything within the ecosystem seems to revolve around the Iron and Sulfur cycles within the system. Iron oxidizing prokaryotes and iron reducers are capable of functioning in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The Ferric Iron produced is a limiting factor placed upon the Sulfur cycle. Below is a diagram to better show how Iron and Sulfur cycles are tied together, along with how the microbial populations work together to complete the cycles.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Biological_interactions.jpg|400px|thumb|center| [1] ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Biological_interactions.jpg|400px|thumb|center| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Iron and Sulfur transformations mediated by microbes </ins>[1] ]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial processes==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Microbial processes==</div></td></tr>
</table>Depasqu2