Serena and Beth - Bacillus thurigiensis

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Classification

[1] 

Domain: Bacteria

Phylum: Firmicutes

Class: Bacilli

Order: Bacillales

Family :Bacillaceae

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Bacillus

Habitat Information

This organism Bacillus thuringiensis was collected and isolated into a sample of 3 tablespoons of the dampen soil. It was gathered at the soil ground from a homeowner's front lawn on a street named Rei Tang Loop in Kyle, Texas, at the location Latitude: 30.0031643 and Longitude: -97.8756188 and Sea level: 221 m.

The collection laid within a sloped old garden patch that was within a stoned surrounding near a cactus plant and near a home dwelling.

The soil sample was collected on January 28th, 2016.
The air temperature was 73 fahrenheit with humidity at 24 percent, with no rainfall prior to 24 hours, with solar radiation being at 2 of 10 UV.
Soil was collected from the surface to the depth of 1 inch. The location was collected around 3:30 PM in a semi-shaded semi-sunny location with no foot traffic.

When the organism was observed in growth in an LB plate, at 37 celsius as it's incubated temperature for 168 hours, the organism grew rapidly.

Yet the prevalence of Bacillus thuringiensis is not restricted and has been isolated worldwide from many habitats, also including soil, stored-product dusts, insects, deciduous and coniferous leaves.

Description and Significance

When isolated and grown in an LB agar plate, Bacillus thuringiensis colonies appeared irregular in shape, slightly umbonate, with smooth entire margins. Under the microscope the Bacillus thuringiensis after performing a Gram stain test results in being a Gram-positive organism, and is rod-shaped in nature and is approximately 1 µm in width and 5 µm in length. When a match patch test was done with 11 other soil samples, Bacillus thuringiensis showed clear evidence of clearing around the colony when grown on an LB plate that contained Staphylococcus aureus and / or Escherichia coli, Including of course the Bacillus thuringiensis itself. This is reason as to why this bacteria was hand pick to focus our studies on since in both scenarios, it suggested possible antimicrobial activity, despite it presenting it's own growth within another bacteria.

Genome Structure

Describe the size and content of the genome. How many chromosomes? Circular or linear? Other interesting features? What is known about its sequence? Include S Ribosomal sequence that you obtained from PCR and sequencing here.


[1]According to American Society for Microbiology , Genome Announcements the total number of predicted genes is 6,635, with 5,714 genes located on the chromosome and 921 genes on the plasmids.

Our PCR sequencing results are as follows:

Sequence 1

Forward:

The following information below contains the number of which was trimmed to eliminate all "N" results and as well as sequencing results.

5' bases trimmed: 19

3' bases trimmed:56


GACGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGATGAAGGCTT TCGNGGTCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTAGGGAAGAACAAGTGCTAGTTGAATAAGCTGGCACCTTGACGGTACCTAACCAGAA AGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGC GCGCAGGTGGTTTCTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCACGGCTCAACCGTGGAGGGTCATTGGAAACTGGGAGACTTGAGTG CAGAAGAGGAAAGTGGAATTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGAGATATGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACTTT CTGGTCTGTAACTGACACTGAGGCGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACG ATGAGTGCTAAGTGTTAGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTTAGTGCTGAAGTTAACGCATTAAGCACTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCC GCAAGGCTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGA ACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTCTGACAACCCTAGAGATAGGGCTTCTCCTTCGGGAGCAGAGTGACAGGTGGTGCATG GTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGNCGTGAGATGTCATA

Sequence 2

Reverse:

The following information below contains the number of which was trimmed to eliminate all "N" results and as well as sequencing results.

5' bases trimmed: 12

3' bases trimmed: 26

ACCACCTGTCACTCTGCTCCCGAAGGAGAAGCCCTATCTCTAGGGTTGTCAGAGGATGTCAAGACCTGG TAAGGTTCTTCGCGTTGCTTCGAATTAAACCACATGCTCCACCGCTTGTGCGGGCCCCCGTCAATTCCTTTGAGTTTCAG CCTTGCGGCCGTACTCCCCAGGCGGAGTGCTTAATGCGTTAACTTCAGCACTAAAGGGCGGAAACCCTCTAACACTTAGC ACTCATCGTTTACGGCGTGGACTACCAGGGTATCTAATCCTGTTTGCTCCCCACGCTTTCGCGCCTCAGTGTCAGTTACA GACCAGAAAGTCGCCTTCGCCACTGGTGTTCCTCCATATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACATGGAATTCCACTTTCCT CTTCTGCACTCAAGTCTCCCAGTTTCCAATGACCCTCCACGGTTGAGCCGTGGGCTTTCACATCAGACTTAAGAAACCAC CTGCGCGCGCTTTACGCCCAATAATTCCGGATAACGCTTGCCACCTACGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACGTAGTTAGCC GTGGCTTTCTGGTTAGGTACCGTCAAGGTGCCAGCTTATTCAACTAGCACTTGTTCTTCCCTAACAACAGAGTTTTACGA CCCGAAAGCCTTCATCACTCACGCGGCGTTGCTCCGTCAGACTTTCGTCCATTGCGGAAGATTCCCTACTGCTGCCTCCC

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces. Bacillus thuringiensis forms parasporal crystals during the stationary phase of its growth cycle. Which it has two growth cycles vegetative cell division and spore development. In the vegetative state it is rod shaped and presents into two daughter cells which happened midway of the plasma membrane. Whereas, Sporulation,involves asymmetric cell division and is characterized by seven stages which include:

(stage I) axial filament formation
(stage II) forespore septum formation
(stage III) engulfment, first appearance of parasporal crystals and formation of a forespore
(stages IV to VI) formation of exosporium, primordial cell wall, cortex and spore coats accompanied by transformation of the spore nucleoid 
(stage VII) spore maturation and sporangial lysis.

Physiology and Pathogenesis

Biochemical characteristics, enzymes made, other characteristics that may be used to identify the organism; contributions to environment (if any).
If relevant, how does this organism cause disease? Human, animal, plant hosts? Virulence factors, as well as patient symptoms.

References

[Sample reference] Takai, K., Sugai, A., Itoh, T., and Horikoshi, K. "Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000. Volume 50. p. 489-500.

Sheppard,A. , Poehlein,A. ,Rosenstiel, P. , Liesen, H., and Schulenburg, H." Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Strain 407 Cry-" genn.may.,sp.may, Genome Announcements". American Society for Microbiology".2016. Website.

Author

Page authored by Serena Perez, student of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.