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[[Category:Short pages]] ...ased on phenotypic and genotypic similarities of a novel taxon and species of the Flavobacteriaceae, Wang et al. proposed the classification in the genus

[[Category:Short pages]] ...r catalase. There are currently no known opportunistic pathogenic strains of ''Bacteroides xylanivsolvens''.

[[Category:Pages edited by students of Rachel Larsen at UCSD‏‎]] [[Category:Pages edited by students of Grace Lim-Fong at Randolph-Macon College]]

[[Category:Short pages]] ...between 6.0 and 10.0. The cells require 1.0-4.0% NaCl and the G+C content of the DNA is 32.8mol%. This strain produces acetoin, but not indole or hydrog

...onging to the Ophiuroidea (brittle star), which is the source of isolation of the type strain. ...nd swim away in a snake-like fashion when disturbed. They feed on plankton by raising their arms into the water above them. Although this star was found

[[Category:Short pages]] ...n the gut have many different purposes. The bacteria help in the digestion of food as well as help to keep harmful bacteria at bay.(3)

===End Product of Metabolism=== ...th and cause periodontitis (3). Some factors that can increase your change of getting periodontitis is gingivitis, poor oral habits, tobacco sue, diabete

[[Category:Short pages]] ...rii sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment, and emended description of the genus Lutibacter Choi and cho 2006.

...-motile. The cells are about 0.5-0.7 µm wide and 2.5-5.1 µm long. Colonies of this species appear to form circular, shiny and convex, 1-3 mm in diameter ...t the presence of Na+. The concentration of Na+ that allows for the growth of this species varies between 1 to 18 % NaCl. This bacterium can grow in temp

...human gut and much like other Bacteroides' it helps with the decomposition of food in the intestines. This is a symbiotic bacteria. ...this species were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 3-OH. Some of the enzymes present in this species are alpha-fucosidase, alpha and beta-ga

...is a member of the <i>Flavobacteriacea</i> family. This family is composed of at least 95 different genera including <i>Joostella</i> and 393 species. Th ....20-0.30 µm wide. These bacteria do not form spores. The pigments produced by these cells are bright yellow and non-flexirubin-type.

...prefer to grow at neutral pH levels of 7.0-8.0, but can grow at a lower pH of 5.0. It also prefers temperatures between 20-30°C, but can grow at tempera ...h ranges for pH, temperature and NaCl concentration suggests it is capable of withstanding more diverse environmental conditions and therefore, serves as

...and isolated from coastal seawater in the Amursky Bay, Gulf of Peter, Sea of Japan.1 Fig. 1. Displays the phylogenetic tree of organisms belonging to the "Winogradskyella" genus. KMM 6019T is most clsel

The taxa classification of Prevotellla amnii is the following in the order of Bacteria; Phylum; Class; Order; Family; Genus: ...aerobic, non-spore forming, and non-motile. These cells are about 0.8- 3.0 by 0.5-1.5 µm in size and can be about 1 mm in diameter. These cells appear a

...tonsils which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome is comprised of over six hundred prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets ...simply the colonization of a microbial community on the teeth in the form of a biofilm. Dental plaque is thought to be beneficial to the host as it may

...ved life span of this bacterium during observation led to the nomenclature of B. fluxus. ...-11. The guanine-cytosine content is 45.2 mol%. The 16s rRNA gene sequence of ''B. fluxus'' is a 95.0% match to ''B. uniformis''.

...ermitted the isolation of five strains able to synthesize polyamines. One of the five isolated species was Bacteroides ''intestinalis'', a novel species ...well as membranes. In animals, polyamines are ubiquitous, and the origin of the polyamines can be due to internal or external factors. Gut bacteria is

...idobacterium dentium'' is also responsible for approximately eight percent of the bacteria cultured from dental caries. ...' can be used to determine whether or not an environment has been polluted by human or animal feces because this bacterium is the only ''Bifidobacterium'

...eases [1]. Due to its oral pathogenic nature, it is a significant bacteria of medical interest. ...nts arabinose and salicin [4]. The products of fermentation are acids; two of the significant products formed are acetic acid and succinic acid [4].

...in the gut. Genomic and proteomic analyses have added to the understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human ...s thetaiotaomicron'' and ''Bacteroides ovatus'', both of which are members of the human gut microbiome. ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron'' can also be a pa

...i> is considered a extremophile, as it can strives in the harsh conditions of the marine ecosystem. ...vus, Maribacter orientalis and Maribacter ulvicola, as it shares about 95% of the genetic information. [1]

...in the north-western Mediterranean Sea off the coast of France in the Bay of Baynuls-sur-Mer . Cells are motile, straight rods, 2.5 mm long and 0.2 mm w ..., Crenotrichaceae, because it does not exhibit the extremophilic qualities of other members. To date, most bacterium in the family Crenotrichaceae have b

...ingle new species named <i>[[Subsaxibacter broadyi]]</i>. Within the genus of <i>Subsaximicrobium</i> there was two new species, one named <i>[[Subsaximi ...he passed in 2002. Unfortunately David Wynn-Williams died at the young age of 55 from a traffic accident while jogging near his own home.

...cter spongiae</I>, a Gram-negative aerobic microbe, resides in the tissues of the marine sponge <I>Lissodendoryx isodictyalis</I> in the Bahamas. The mic ...to the family <I>Flavobacteriaceae. S. spongiae</I> shares 93.3 and 93.6% of its sequence with the two most closely related species in the <I>Flavobacte

...n people with oral diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. The C+G of ''Bacteroides loescheii'' is 49 to 51 mol%. ...'Prevotella''. The ability of these bacteria to live in our mouths is part of how they were separated from other ''Bacteroides'' species. ''B. loescheii'

...nd ''Prevotella timonensis''. Species of the genus ''Prevotella'' are part of the normal flora, but can sometimes cause disease. ''Prevotella'' have led ...s are C14 : 0 (19.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.3 %), iso-C14 : 0 (14 %) and a mixture of C18 : 2ω6,9c and C18 : 0 (16 %) (1).

...colonies saffron in color [1]. Tamlana Crocina colonies form in a variety of shapes, ranging from opaque, convex, and circular[1]. ...ons[1]. Studies showed that the growth of Tamlana crocina is not supported by solely Na+[1].

...meaning that it grows and thrives in oxygenated environments. The pigment of <i>Myroides pelagicus</i> is a yellowish orange color and grows in circular ...up to 9.0% NaCl, while other species can only handle 5-6% NaCl. The range of pH for growth is 5.0-9.0. The DNA G+C content was 33.6mol%.

...to the size of 2.0mm-4.0mm, and to achieve this size using the temperature of 28–36 °C. Nonlabens Tegetincola predominant fatty acids are i15 :  Using a large scale of test results it was determined that this bacteria produces acetone, but doe

...al plaque that is located within the oral cavity (4). “The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 43 mol%” (4). ...ed longer there is a color change to a deep orange-brown within the center of the colonies (4).

...n for growth and development, and produces its energy from oxido-reduction of an organic compound)(3). It is also heterotroph, which means it cannot synt ...a algae based on multiple phenotypic features. Besides the ability to move by gliding, the strain KMM 6059 also could grow at 39◦C, produce acid from D

...; L. gen. n. ''maris'' of the sea; N.L. gen. n. ''aquimaris'' of the water of the sea). ...ion of the genus was proposed. The new description is as follows: "Motile by gliding or non-gliding. Optimal growth temperature is 25–30 °C. Oxidase

...oral cavity, upper respiratory and urogenital tract [4]. The type species of the genus is Prevotella melaninogenica. ...isticola'' strain CD3 : 32. (d) Transmission electron micrograph of a cell of strain CD3 : 3. [5]]]

The G+C content of the DNA is 36-37 mol% and it has a DNA-DNA binding value of 93%. Zobellia laminariae are closely related to Zobellia amurskyensis and Z ...rowth occurs between 21-23°C but they can grow any where between the range of 4-30°C. They prefer a salt concentration between 1.5-6% NaCl with an optim

...ese results, the three strains are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the phylum ''Bacteroidetes'', for which the name ''Sunxiuqin DNA G+C contents of the three strains: DQHS4x^T – 43.4 mol%; DQHS8 – 41.8 mol%; D

[[File:Sigs.1784330-f2.gif|300px|right|=Scanning electron micrograph of B.coprosuis|From the Thames]] ...s and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial rel

...atmosphere. They require nitrogen in the form of nitrate or ammonium, both of which are more complex forms (NH3, NH4, NO2 or NO3) that are found in the s ...t of the fixed nitrogen goes to the plant itself. However, after the death of the plant, the fixed nitrogen is released, acting as a natural fertilizer f

...ch as phytoplankton and algae (2) (3). The <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i> family of bacteria contains 95 known genera with 393 species while 210 type strains i [[Image:Maribacterforsetii.jpeg|thumb|200px|right|Electron micrographs of <i>Maribacter forsetii</i>, a species very similar to <i>Maribacter stanier

...t that the Penicillium fungus had strong antibacterial properties. A list of significant events leading up to Fleming’s discovery follows:[2] John Tyndall explained antibacterial action of the Penicillium fungus to the Royal Society

...s process works, it is "possible that the microbe screens out gold as part of an effort to detoxify its immediate environment" (1). ...inc decantation tank in Belgium that was polluted with high concentrations of several heavy metals. Frank Reith (and colleagues) at Australian National U

...als and bacterial strains. The PHA polymers can be extracted using a host of enzymes and solvents, and later refined into plastic products (Reemmer). ...ics, as the polymers that bacteria produce resemble the chemical structure of petroleum-produced plastics (Gilmore).

[[Category:Pages edited by students of Rachel Larsen at UCSD]] ==History of Antibacterial Soap and Handwashing==

...y strive in aerobe environment. HB8 survive anaerobeically in the presence of nitrate through nitrate reductase production. However the HB27 was unable t ...enatured by the surrounding environment. In addition, it contained a total of 2210 protein encoding genes and 53 RNA genes. ('''2''')

...otic (Mupirocin) which has been proven effective in treating certain kinds of skin, ear, and eye disorders (10). ....5% GC content. There are 95 RNAs and 5736 proteins. The genome sequencing of ''P. fluorescens SBW25'' is still in progress.(2)

...lve them. Certain bacteria are being used more and more in the restoration of art and may even be key in helping to prevent art deterioration in the firs Bacteria synthesize molecules of pigment in their cell wall or periplasmic space. The bacterial pigments pro

...ile'' is a gram-positive, rod shaped bacteria. It is resistant to a number of antibiotics, and can actually grow more easily in their presence. Its genus ...an also survive in spore form for as long as five months [2]. The ability of ''C. diff.'' to survive in this resistant form poses quite a challenge for

...used for treating byproducts from oil refineries. The specific PM1 strain of the bacteria was isolated from a culture enriched with methyl tert-butyl et ...as entered water systems and caused massive contaminations. The detection of ''M. petroleiphilum'' PM1 in contaminated water supplies could be indicativ

[[Image:ecoli_th.jpg|thumb|right|Photomicrograph of E. coli from the NSF.]] ...(HUS), which can cause kidney failure and even death. However the majority of people infected get better within a week after the symptoms.[1,2]

===MICROBIAL SOURCE OF BOTULINUM TOXIN=== ...ive under extreme harsh conditions. Endospores form when bacteria run out of nutrients; hence, they germinate, grow, and produce the botulinum toxin cal

...the bacteria streptococcus mutans and the biofilm it forms. A wide variety of products, techniques, and methods to fight tooth decay have been developed ==History of Tooth Decay==

...the bacteria streptococcus mutans and the biofilm it forms. A wide variety of products, techniques, and methods to fight tooth decay have been developed ==History of Tooth Decay==

...ation when oxygen is present but can switch to fermentation in the absence of oxygen. ...ared to other <i>Enterobacter</i> infections. Many of the clinical samples of the <i>Enterobacter</i> infections are hard to distinguish from other bacte

...nd is a body of freshwater smaller than a lake. Ponds are naturally formed by a depression in the ground filling and retaining water. Streams ...ed into these bodies. They cn also be man-made ponds which can be created by damming a stream, digging a hole.

[[Category:Pages edited by the students of Tyrrell Conway at the University of Oklahoma]] [[Image:OULOGOBIANCO.JPEG|thumb|230px|left|University of Oklahoma Study Abroad Microbiology in Arezzo, Italy [hhttp://cas.ou.edu/stu

The ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex consists of nine genomic species called genomovars: ...d human pathogen it has many significant agricultural uses. It is capable of breaking down toxic compounds found in pesticides and herbicides. It has a

==Description of Swiss Cheese== ...use the cheese to crumble. Its flavor and texture make it a desired source of food for many people. As a niche, Swiss cheese is unique due to the interac

...nly called the beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus, or GAS. (2) A picture of this clearly shows how the organism grows. ...aria Fazio and Vincent A. Fischetti, Ph.D. with permission. The Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University. ]]

....ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/mar05/D037-1.htm United States Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service]]] ...spread, in an attempt to kill the bacteria, but this has led to a problem of antibiotic resistant ''Campylobacter''. Thus, government agencies in the U.

=Description of Niche= ...process which will continue to drop the initial pH from 5.2 to a final pH of 4 as the wort ferments [http://www.ibd.org.uk/igbsite/business/training/fil

...the intestinal tracts of animals and humans [1]. It belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. ...]. Therefore, one of the chief reasons many different strains and plasmids of the C. freundii genome are being sequenced is in order to find antibiotics

...y use to not only survive but also thrive in such extreme environments are of great interest to current researches. ...'' lacks cell wall; however, they do possess cell envelope that is made up of cytoplasmic membrane and a protein surface layer (S-layer) (Sleytr et. al.,

...nterest in research on how to control these resistant infections, possibly by preventing them with vaccines (7). ...sequence of ''K. pneumoniae'' genome was found to be closely related that of ''Escherichia coli'' K-12 [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.

...here is a mutual relationship between the plant and bacteria. The surface of the root, rhizosphere, allows the bacteria to thrive from the root nutrient ...nd other organic matter. There is great interest in sequencing the genome of ''Pseudomonas putida'' due to its strong effect in bioremediation. [3]

...ammonia are examples in brevity of the numerous, however, different types of pollutants which accumulate in sewage. Further, sewage contains microorgan ...aterborne bacterium. It is necessary that wastewater be reclaimed and free of pollutants, so as to be to be safely consumed. Sewage water treatment plant

Discussions on the true taxonomy of ''E. aerogenes'' presently exist due to the genomic distance between ''E. c ...er common antigen; and have a 39-59% guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) content of DNA (2).

[[Image: P.aerugenosa_photomicrograph.jpg|frame|right| A photomicrograph of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From the [http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/quicksearch.asp ...ernative electron acceptors. ''P. aeruginosa'' can catabolize a wide range of organic molecules, including organic compounds such as benzoate. This, then

...#References|[2]]]. There are also slightly larger spaces that are occupied by starter bacteria [[#References|[1]]]. Trapped starter bacteria and whey wit ...cheese, bread and sausages has been widely used long before the discovery of microorganisms [[#References|[5]]].

...terial diversity immensely. There is an increased risk for the development of asthma, allergies, obesity and other illnesses and diseases in those babies ...human cells. Having a vast number of microbes is imperative to the health of the human race, as they play a key role in fighting pathogens [[#References

[[image:dist.gif|frame|right|Distribution of Malaria. Majority of cases are in Sub-Saharan Africa. [http://cdc.gov/malaria/features/surveilla ...edu/index.php/Plasmodium <i>Plasmodium</i>], which can only be transferred by the female <i>Anopheles</i> mosquito. Malaria is spread when the mosquito b

...g on the environment that surrounded the organisms as well as their method of metabolism. As a result, the prokaryotes were split into two domains, the a ...e are also bacteria present in the small intestine that support break down of foods passed down from the stomach as well as nutrient absorption. [http://

==Description of Niche== ...age:Greenshowercurt.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vinyl Shower Curtain: This type of shower curtain is known to accumulate biofilms the fastest in comparison to

...tmospheric Research (UCAR), ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan,1994. Online. Available: http://www.windows.ucar.edu **]] [[Image:sargassumstretch.jpg|right|450px|thumb|'''''Sargassum''''' **Courtesy of NOAA, http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov**]]

...itats offers differing environmental conditions, and as such, is colonized by a different microbial flora. ...ne, smoking, dehydration, and even stress, alter the ecological conditions of mouth.

...All of Antarctica receives very little direct sunlight because of the tilt of the earth; in the summer months Antarctica has almost continuous daylight, [[Image: bobslush.jpg|left|frame|Slush - provided by Dr. Caron of USC