https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&feed=atom&action=historyStaphylococcus lugdunensis - Revision history2024-03-29T02:31:04ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130773&oldid=prevNunleyK: NunleyK moved page Staphylococcus Lugdunensis to Staphylococcus lugdunensis2017-04-29T21:04:00Z<p>NunleyK moved page <a href="/index.php/Staphylococcus_Lugdunensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Staphylococcus Lugdunensis">Staphylococcus Lugdunensis</a> to <a href="/index.php/Staphylococcus_lugdunensis" title="Staphylococcus lugdunensis">Staphylococcus lugdunensis</a></p>
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</td></tr></table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130772&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* References */2017-04-29T20:59:24Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Authored by Katelynn Estes, a student of CJ Funk at John Brown University</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Authored by Katelynn Estes, a student of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[mailto:jofunk@jbu.edu </ins>CJ Funk<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] </ins>at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://www.jbu.edu/ </ins>John Brown University<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130771&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Ecology/Pathology */2017-04-29T20:55:53Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ecology/Pathology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<sup>o</sup>C and 45<sup>o</sup>C, but it tolerates as low as 20<sup>o</sup>C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35<sup>o</sup>C [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<sup>o</sup>C and 45<sup>o</sup>C, but it tolerates as low as 20<sup>o</sup>C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35<sup>o</sup>C [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/Pathology</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''S. lugdunensis'' contributes to biofilm formation which may be helpful to the surrounding ecosystem, but not the host, due to the fact that biofilms increase bacterial immunity to antibiotics [9]. ''S. lugdunensis'' is known to have a negative impact on at least one other organism sharing its environment. Almost all strains of ''S. lugdunensis'' secrete lugdunin, a recently discovered antibiotic [2]. Currently, researches remain unsure as to how the antibiotic works, but ''S. lugdunensis'' overcomes MRSA (penicillin resistant ''S. aureus'') in petri dishes, test tubes, and skin infections in mice [2].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''S. lugdunensis'' contributes to biofilm formation which may be helpful to the surrounding ecosystem, but not the host, due to the fact that biofilms increase bacterial immunity to antibiotics [9]. ''S. lugdunensis'' is known to have a negative impact on at least one other organism sharing its environment. Almost all strains of ''S. lugdunensis'' secrete lugdunin, a recently discovered antibiotic [2]. Currently, researches remain unsure as to how the antibiotic works, but ''S. lugdunensis'' overcomes MRSA (penicillin resistant ''S. aureus'') in petri dishes, test tubes, and skin infections in mice [2].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Pathology==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes an Isd system which allows the bacteria to bind and break down heme from the protein tissue [3]. Heme is a significant iron source in host tissue, and iron contributes to the pathogens ability to reproduce and form a biofilm [3]. Biofilm production in ''S. lugdunensis'' appears different because it is coagulase negative and does not utilize fibrinogen from the host tissue in order to form a biofilm [9]. Instead, biofilm formation in ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes different processes and appears to form biofilms out of different proteins [9]. While other ''Staphylococcus'' species (i.e., ''S. aureus'') rely on iron rich environment in order to produce biofilm formation, ''S. lugdunensis'' forms a stronger biofilm in environments with less iron [9]. ''S. lugdunensis'' may promote endocarditis, meningitis, or other infections related to prosthetic joints, skin wounds, or breast absecces [6]. Device removal may be required in order to resolve an infection [9]. Currently, most ''S. lugdunensis'' strains remain susceptible to a multitude of antibiotic treatments, including penicillin, gentamicin, rifampicin, vancomycin, and erythromycin [6].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes an Isd system which allows the bacteria to bind and break down heme from the protein tissue [3]. Heme is a significant iron source in host tissue, and iron contributes to the pathogens ability to reproduce and form a biofilm [3]. Biofilm production in ''S. lugdunensis'' appears different because it is coagulase negative and does not utilize fibrinogen from the host tissue in order to form a biofilm [9]. Instead, biofilm formation in ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes different processes and appears to form biofilms out of different proteins [9]. While other ''Staphylococcus'' species (i.e., ''S. aureus'') rely on iron rich environment in order to produce biofilm formation, ''S. lugdunensis'' forms a stronger biofilm in environments with less iron [9]. ''S. lugdunensis'' may promote endocarditis, meningitis, or other infections related to prosthetic joints, skin wounds, or breast absecces [6]. Device removal may be required in order to resolve an infection [9]. Currently, most ''S. lugdunensis'' strains remain susceptible to a multitude of antibiotic treatments, including penicillin, gentamicin, rifampicin, vancomycin, and erythromycin [6].</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130770&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Nutrition and metabolism */2017-04-29T20:54:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Nutrition and metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<sup>o</sup>C and 45<sup>o</sup>C, but it tolerates as low as 20<sup>o</sup>C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">35oC </del>[12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<sup>o</sup>C and 45<sup>o</sup>C, but it tolerates as low as 20<sup>o</sup>C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">35<sup>o</sup>C </ins>[12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130769&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Nutrition and metabolism */2017-04-29T20:54:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Nutrition and metabolism</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del><sup>o</sup><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del>C and 45<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del><sup>o</sup><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del>C, but it tolerates as low as 20<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del><sup>o</sup><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del>C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<sup>o</sup>C and 45<sup>o</sup>C, but it tolerates as low as 20<sup>o</sup>C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130768&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Nutrition and metabolism */2017-04-29T20:53:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Nutrition and metabolism</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:53, 29 April 2017</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30(<sup>o)C and 45(<sup>o)C, but it tolerates as low as 20(<sup>o)C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30(<sup>o<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></sup></ins>)C and 45(<sup>o<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></sup></ins>)C, but it tolerates as low as 20(<sup>o<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></sup></ins>)C [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130767&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Nutrition and metabolism */2017-04-29T20:52:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Nutrition and metabolism</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:52, 29 April 2017</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">^oC </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">45oC</del>, but it tolerates as low as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">20oC </del>[12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between 30<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(<sup>o)C </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">45(<sup>o)C</ins>, but it tolerates as low as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">20(<sup>o)C </ins>[12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=130766&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Nutrition and metabolism */2017-04-29T20:50:13Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Nutrition and metabolism</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:50, 29 April 2017</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Nutrition and metabolism==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30oC </del>and 45oC, but it tolerates as low as 20oC [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This species is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can utilize oxygen, but it can also use fermentation in order to get the energy it needs [12]. For example, ''S. lugdunensis'' utilizes the nutrients in D-fructose, D-glucose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, glycerol, lactose, maltose, D-mannose, sucrose, and trehalose, which is indicated by acid production in anerobic conditions [12]. Facultative anaerobes can grow in environments with or without oxygen, which makes it easier to study ''S. lugdunensis'' in a laboratory. ''S. lugdunensis'' grows best between <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30^oC </ins>and 45oC, but it tolerates as low as 20oC [12]. At 15% NaCl, ''S. lugdunensis'' experiences delays in its growth rate, but readily tolerates 10% NaCl12. ''S. lugdunensis'' does not appear to be picky when it comes to media, and colonies will grow up to 4cm after 72 hours of incubation on P agar at 35oC [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' ferments glucose and produces d-lactate as a by-product [12].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Ecology/Pathology==</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=128812&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Description and significance */2017-03-31T19:35:21Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:35, 31 March 2017</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See existing MicrobeWiki page for the genus ''Staphylococcus'': </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See existing MicrobeWiki page for the genus ''Staphylococcus'': </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Staphylococcus<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</del>'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Staphylococcus'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome and genetics==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome and genetics==</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyKhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_lugdunensis&diff=128810&oldid=prevNunleyK: /* Description and significance */2017-03-31T19:34:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Description and significance</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:34, 31 March 2017</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Staphycoccus lugdunensis’'' name deviates from the Latin translation of “Lyon,” which is the French city where the bacteria was first isolated [12]. Freney, Brun, Bes, Meugnier, Grimont, Grimont, Nervi, Fleurette isolated ''S. lugdunensis'' in 1988 [10]. ''S. lugdunensis'' may appear cream to golden, glistening and smooth, growing in pairs, clusters, or chains, but may also grow in individual colonies [12]. The cell is gram-positive, non-motile, and generally grows between .8 to 1.0 micrometers [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' cells contain several surface proteins including protein C (IsdC), which aids in the formation of biofilms specifically in an iron depleted environment [11]. Cells also express other iron binding proteins (IsdJ and IsdK) and other receptors and transporters involved with the accumulation of iron [4]. This bacteria primarily produces D-lactate [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' also excretes lugdunin [14]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''Staphycoccus lugdunensis’'' name deviates from the Latin translation of “Lyon,” which is the French city where the bacteria was first isolated [12]. Freney, Brun, Bes, Meugnier, Grimont, Grimont, Nervi, Fleurette isolated ''S. lugdunensis'' in 1988 [10]. ''S. lugdunensis'' may appear cream to golden, glistening and smooth, growing in pairs, clusters, or chains, but may also grow in individual colonies [12]. The cell is gram-positive, non-motile, and generally grows between .8 to 1.0 micrometers [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' cells contain several surface proteins including protein C (IsdC), which aids in the formation of biofilms specifically in an iron depleted environment [11]. Cells also express other iron binding proteins (IsdJ and IsdK) and other receptors and transporters involved with the accumulation of iron [4]. This bacteria primarily produces D-lactate [12]. ''S. lugdunensis'' also excretes lugdunin [14]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See existing MicrobeWiki page for the genus <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{|</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See existing MicrobeWiki page for the genus ''Staphylococcus'': </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>''Staphylococcus'': </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Staphylococcus]'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Staphylococcus]'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome and genetics==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Genome and genetics==</div></td></tr>
</table>NunleyK