Streptococcus pneumoniae: Meningitis: Difference between revisions
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<br><i>Streptococcus | <br><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is a non-motile, non-spore forming, gram-positive bacteria of the firmicute phylum. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is also commonly referred to as pneumococcus [1,2]. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> are in the shape of a slightly pointed coccus. The diameter of each single pneumococcus organism ranges from 0.5 to 1.25 micrometers. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> is found singly and in short chains, but mainly these bacteria are found in pairs (diplococci) [2]. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> uses fermentation to produce energy via converting glucose into lactic acid. Furthermore, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> utilizes extracellular enzyme systems in order to obtain carbon and nitrogen, and these processes damage host tissue and permit <i>S. pneumoniae</i> to colonize the host (Todar 2003). <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and Haemophilus influenzae contribute to the same mucosal microenvironment. Both bacteria are capable of living on their own. But, Lysenko et al. (2005) showed that Haemophilus influenzae swiftly outcompetes <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> when they are in the same environment. Thus, H. influenzae can remove populations of the <i>S. pneumoniae</i> pathogen (Lysenko et al. 2005).<br> | ||
<br>This bacteria exclusively inhabits human beings and are mesophillic, meaning they optimally inhabit areas with temperatures ranging from 30 to 35 degrees Celsius. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is most commonly found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically in the nasopharynx (the nasal passages). Most people carry these bacteria in their nasopharynx, and the harboring of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> within a human is called carriage. Even though most people carry these bacteria in their nasopharynx, most of the time <i>S. pneumoniae</i> does not cause disease [1,2].<br> | |||
<br>A polysaccharide capsule encloses the entire <i>S. pneumoniae</i> cell, and this sugar capsule is key to this bacteria’s virulence. There are hundreds of surface proteins on <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. Choline-binding proteins are an important group of surface proteins expressed by <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, and this group of proteins helps attach the bacteria to human cells (Todar 2003).<br> | |||
Revision as of 05:42, 24 April 2011
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a non-motile, non-spore forming, gram-positive bacteria of the firmicute phylum. S. pneumoniae is also commonly referred to as pneumococcus [1,2]. Streptococcus pneumoniae are in the shape of a slightly pointed coccus. The diameter of each single pneumococcus organism ranges from 0.5 to 1.25 micrometers. S. pneumoniae is found singly and in short chains, but mainly these bacteria are found in pairs (diplococci) [2]. Streptococcus pneumoniae uses fermentation to produce energy via converting glucose into lactic acid. Furthermore, Streptococcus pneumoniae utilizes extracellular enzyme systems in order to obtain carbon and nitrogen, and these processes damage host tissue and permit S. pneumoniae to colonize the host (Todar 2003). Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae contribute to the same mucosal microenvironment. Both bacteria are capable of living on their own. But, Lysenko et al. (2005) showed that Haemophilus influenzae swiftly outcompetes Streptococcus pneumoniae when they are in the same environment. Thus, H. influenzae can remove populations of the S. pneumoniae pathogen (Lysenko et al. 2005).
This bacteria exclusively inhabits human beings and are mesophillic, meaning they optimally inhabit areas with temperatures ranging from 30 to 35 degrees Celsius. Streptococcus pneumoniae is most commonly found in the upper respiratory tract, specifically in the nasopharynx (the nasal passages). Most people carry these bacteria in their nasopharynx, and the harboring of S. pneumoniae within a human is called carriage. Even though most people carry these bacteria in their nasopharynx, most of the time S. pneumoniae does not cause disease [1,2].
A polysaccharide capsule encloses the entire S. pneumoniae cell, and this sugar capsule is key to this bacteria’s virulence. There are hundreds of surface proteins on Streptococcus pneumoniae. Choline-binding proteins are an important group of surface proteins expressed by S. pneumoniae, and this group of proteins helps attach the bacteria to human cells (Todar 2003).
Section 1
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Section 2
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Section 3
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Conclusion
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References
Edited by student of Joan Slonczewski for BIOL 238 Microbiology, 2011, Kenyon College.
