Streptomyces Unknown Family

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Classification

Domain: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinobacteria

Class: Actinobacteria

Order: Actinomycetales

Family: Streptomycetaceae

Genus: Streptomyces

Other Names:

• Streptomyces lavendulae
• Streptomyces vinaceus
• Streptomyces manipurensis
• Streptomyces spororaveus
• Streptomyces avidinii
• Streptomyces subrutilus

Species

NCBI: Taxonomy

Genus species: Streptomyces Unknown Species

Habitat Information

• Date of Collection: January 25, 2018
• Max Temperature: 64 deg. F
• Min Temperature: 29 deg. F
• Min Relative Humidity: 20%
• Solar Radiation: 14.13 mJ/m2
• Rainfall: 0%
• Wind Gust: 4.85 mph
• Soil Types: Speck stony clay loam (48.4%), Tarrant and Speck (24.1%), Tarrant soil (17.3%), Crawford clay (10.2%)

Description and Significance

Colony Appearance:

• Form: Irregular
• Elevation: Flat
• Margin: Undulate
• Pigmentation: Colorless/Opaque
• Texture: Dry/Rough
• Extracellular Pigment: None
• Appearance: Dull

Genome Structure

• Size: 8.7 Mbp-11.9 Mbp
• Content: GC (Guanine & Cytosine) ranging between 66-74%
• # of Chromosomes: unknown
• Organization: Linear
• Interesting Features:Rolling Circle Replication Plasmids---(Unidirectional nucleic acid replication permitting rapid synthesis of multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA/RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids.)
• S Ribosomal Sequence:

>CM1_2_1-16S-rRNA-SeqF_H11.ab1:

GAGCTCGTAGGCGGCTTGTCACGTCGGATGTGAAAGCCCGAGGCTTAACCTCGGGTCTGCATTCGATACGGGCT AGCTAGAGTGTGGTAGGGGAGATCGGAATTCCTGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGCAGATATCAGGAGGAACACCGG TGGCGAAGGCGGATCTCTGGGCCATTACTGACGCTGAGGAGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACC CTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGTTGGGAACTAGGTGTTGGCGCATTCCACGTCGTCGGTGCCGCAGCTAACGCA TTAAGTTCCCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGCTAAAACTCAAAGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGCG GAGCATGTGGCTTAATTCGACGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAAGGCTTGACAATACCGGAAAGCATTAGAGATA GTGCCCCCCTTGTGGTCGGTATACAGGTGGTGCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGT CCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGTCCTGTGTTGCCAGCATGCCCTTCGGGGTGATGGGGACTCAAGGAGACCGCC GGGGTCAACTCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAGTCATCATGCCCCTTATGTCTTGGGCTGCACACGTGCTA CAATGGCCGGTACAATGAGCTGCGATACCGTGAGGTGGAGCGAATCTCAAAAAGCCGGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGG GTCTGCAACTCGACCCCATGAAGTCGGAGTCGCTAGTAATCGCAGATCAGCATTGCTGCGGTGAATACGTTCCC GGGCCTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACGTCACGAAAGTCGGTAACACCCGAAGCCGGTGGCCCAACCCGTAAAGGGA GGGAGCTGTGAAGGNGGGACTGGCGATTGGGACGAAGTCGTACAGGGGT

Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle

• Cell Structure:Resembles fungi
• Metabolism:Extracellular Hydrolytic Enzymes ( allow metabolism of Sugars, Alcohols, Amino acids, & Aromatic compounds by producing
• Important Molecules:
• Life cycles: During the vegetative growth stage,replication takes place without cellular division(filamentous structure).They reproduce and disperse through the formation of spores(conidia). The spores are produced in aerial filaments called sporophores, which rise above the colony. Because the complex life cycle of streptomycetes resembles that of multicellular eukaryotes, it enables researchers to study the development of these more complex systems using a simpler system
• Energy Source:Starch & Sodium Caseinate

Interesting features of cell structure; how it gains energy; what important molecules it produces.

Physiology and Pathogenesis

BIOCHEMICAL TEST RESULTS

• Gram Reaction: positive
• Capsule Stain: negative
• Endospore Stain: negative
• Motility: negative
• Phenol Red Broth Tests: Glucose: yellowish-pink, negative; Lactose: red-pink, negative; Sucrose: red-pink, negative
• Starch Hydrolysis Test: negative
• Casein Hydrolysis Test: positive
• Gelatin Hydrolysis Test: negative
• DNA Hydrolysis Test: negative
• Lipid Hydrolysis Test: negative
• Methyl Red Test: negative
• Voges Proskauer Test: negative
• Citrate Test: positive
• SIM Tests: negative for all
• Nitrate Reduction: negative
• Urea Hydrolysis: positive
• Triple Sugar Iron Agar: negative for all
• Oxidase Test: negative
• Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) Test: positive
• Hektoen Enteric Agar (HE) Test: green, negative, no growth
• MacConkey Agar Test: negative
• Decarboxylation Tests: Arginine: no change; Lysine: negative; Orinithine: negative
• Phenylalanine Deaminase Test: negative
• Catalase Test: negative
• Blood Agar Test: negative
• Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Test: negative
• Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar (PEA) Test: negative
• Bacitracin/Optochin Susceptibility Test: Bacitracin: resistant; Optochin: resistant
• Bile Esculin Test: negative
• 6.5% Salt Tolerance Test: negative

References

[Z. (May 02). 6-3 Streptomyces. Retrieved May 2, 2018, from https://instruction.bact.wisc.edu/instr/book/displayarticle/93] [de Lima Procópio, R., da Silva, I., Martins, M., de Azevedo, J., & de Araújo, J. (2018). Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces. Retrieved 2 May 2018, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867012001341]

<http://aem.asm.org/content/75/9/2920.full> Manteca, Angel, Sanchez, Jesus. "Streptomyces Development in Colonies and Soils". "Applied and Environmental Microbiology". 2009. Volume 75 no. 9. p. 2920-2924.

Author

Page authored by Caylinda Miller and Maya Robinson, students of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College.