Sulfurimonas denitrificans: Difference between revisions

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==References==
==References==


1. TAKAI (K.), SUZUKI (M.), NAKAGAWA (S.), MIYAZAKI (M.), SUZUKI (Y.), INAGAKI (F.) and HORIKOSHI (K.): Sulfurimonas paralvinellae sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete nest, reclassification of Thiomicrospira denitrificans as Sulfurimonas denitrificans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 1725-1733.
1. [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/8/1725 TAKAI (K.), SUZUKI (M.), NAKAGAWA (S.), MIYAZAKI (M.), SUZUKI (Y.), INAGAKI (F.) and HORIKOSHI (K.): Sulfurimonas paralvinellae sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete nest, reclassification of Thiomicrospira denitrificans as Sulfurimonas denitrificans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 1725-1733.]


2. Sievert, S.M., Scott, K.M., Klotz, M.G., Chain, P.S., Hauser, L.J., Hemp, J., Hugler, M., Land, M., Lapidus, A., Larimer, F.W., Lucas, S., Malfatti, S.A., Meyer, F., Paulsen, I.T., Ren, Q., Simon, J., and the USF Genomics Class: "Genome of the Epsilonproteobacterial chemolithoautotroph Sulfurimonas denitrificans." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2008) 74:1145-1156.
2. Sievert, S.M., Scott, K.M., Klotz, M.G., Chain, P.S., Hauser, L.J., Hemp, J., Hugler, M., Land, M., Lapidus, A., Larimer, F.W., Lucas, S., Malfatti, S.A., Meyer, F., Paulsen, I.T., Ren, Q., Simon, J., and the USF Genomics Class: "Genome of the Epsilonproteobacterial chemolithoautotroph Sulfurimonas denitrificans." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2008) 74:1145-1156.


3. Kelly, D.P., and Wood, A.P. (2001). The chemolithotrophic prokaryotes.
3. Kelly, D.P., and Wood, A.P. (2001). The chemolithotrophic prokaryotes.

Revision as of 00:00, 11 March 2008

A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Sulfurimonas denitrificans

Thiomicrospira Denitrificans

Classification

Thiomicrospira denitrificans Reference to source of image

Kingdom: Bacteria

Intermediate rank1: Proteobacteria

Intermediate Rank 2: Epsilonproteobacteria

Intermediate Rank 3: Campylobacterales

Intermediate Rank 4: Helicobacteraceae

Genus: Thiomicrospira

Species: denitrificans

Thiomicrospira, a group which originally included all marine, spiral-shaped sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Subsequent analyses of 16S rDNA sequences have revealed the polyphyletic nature of this group; members of Thiomicrospira are distributed among the gamma and epsilon subdivisions of the Proteobacteria. All Thiomicrospira species characterized to date are obligate chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that use sulfide, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur as electron donors, and CO2 as their carbon source.

Reclassification Reports

Thiomicrospira denitrificans ATCC 33889 has been reclassified as Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM 1251 (ATCC 33889)(Takai et al., 2006).

Description and Significance

Thiomicrospira denitrificans gains energy from the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds.By the oxidation, denitrification is occurred. Electron donors utilized include reduced sulfur H2S, S2O32-, S° while O2 and NO3- can serve as electron acceptors (Kelly and Wood, 2001). By coupling the oxidation and reduction of inorganic compounds to the generation of biomass, the microbial activities tie the geochemical cycle of redox substrates to the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.

Genome Structure

The genome of Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM1251 was sequenced. This genome has many features, including a larger size (2.2 Mbp), that suggest a greater degree of metabolic versatility or responsiveness to the environment than seen for most of the other sequenced epsilonproteobacteria. A branched electron transport chain is apparent, with genes encoding complexes for the oxidation of hydrogen, reduced sulfur compounds, and formate and the reduction of nitrate and oxygen. Genes are present for a complete, autotrophic reductive citric acid cycle. Many genes are present that could facilitate growth in the spatially and temporally heterogeneous sediment habitat from where Sulfurimonas denitrificans was originally isolated. Many resistance-nodulation-development family transporter genes (10 total) are present; of these, several are predicted to encode heavy metal efflux transporters. An elaborate arsenal of sensory and regulatory protein-encoding genes is in place, as are genes necessary to prevent and respond to oxidative stress (Sievert SM et al., 2008).

Cell Structure and Metabolism

Thiomicrospirans have generated a good deal of interest in the scientific community because of their unique mode of metabolism, by which they can oxidize sulfur and reduce nitrate.

Ecology

[sample]Diazotrophic organisms such as Azotobacter play a vital role in every ecosystem, working to make nitrogen available to all organisms. Azotobacters and similar bacteria turn nitrogen into ammonia through the process of nitrogen fixation, after which the ammonia is turned into proteins. Nitrogen fixation is used in agriculture in relation to crop rotation and fertilization; soil-dwelling diazotrophs such as Azotobacter are especially useful in gauging the health and virility of the ground. Azotobacters are found worldwide, in climates ranging from extremely northern Siberia to Egypt and India.

References

1. TAKAI (K.), SUZUKI (M.), NAKAGAWA (S.), MIYAZAKI (M.), SUZUKI (Y.), INAGAKI (F.) and HORIKOSHI (K.): Sulfurimonas paralvinellae sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete nest, reclassification of Thiomicrospira denitrificans as Sulfurimonas denitrificans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2006, 56, 1725-1733.

2. Sievert, S.M., Scott, K.M., Klotz, M.G., Chain, P.S., Hauser, L.J., Hemp, J., Hugler, M., Land, M., Lapidus, A., Larimer, F.W., Lucas, S., Malfatti, S.A., Meyer, F., Paulsen, I.T., Ren, Q., Simon, J., and the USF Genomics Class: "Genome of the Epsilonproteobacterial chemolithoautotroph Sulfurimonas denitrificans." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2008) 74:1145-1156.

3. Kelly, D.P., and Wood, A.P. (2001). The chemolithotrophic prokaryotes.