https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&feed=atom&action=historySyphilis in China - Revision history2024-03-29T09:11:18ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=55689&oldid=prevBarichD at 15:56, 16 September 20102010-09-16T15:56:28Z<p></p>
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</table>BarichDhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47764&oldid=prevNzenaty: /* References */2009-08-28T18:44:22Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[8]. Hesketh, T, XJ Ye, and WX Zhu. "Syphilis in China: The Great Comeback." Emerging Health Trends Journal 2008 Web.22 AUG 2009. < http://www.eht-forum.org/ehtj/journal/v1/pdf/ehtj08006a.pdf>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[8]. Hesketh, T, XJ Ye, and WX Zhu. "Syphilis in China: The Great Comeback." Emerging Health Trends Journal 2008 Web.22 AUG 2009. < http://www.eht-forum.org/ehtj/journal/v1/pdf/ehtj08006a.pdf>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[9]. "Improving Strategies for Syphilis Control in China: Selective Testing of Sexually Transmitted Disease Patients- Too Little, Too Late?". International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008. Volume 19. p.838-842. <http://ijsa.rsmjournals.com/cgi/content/full/19/12/838>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[9]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Chen, Q, Cheng, F, Cohen, M, Fu, Z-Z, Gao, X, Liu, M-S, Wei,, W-H, Wong, S, Yu, Y-H</ins>. "Improving Strategies for Syphilis Control in China: Selective Testing of Sexually Transmitted Disease Patients- Too Little, Too Late?". International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008. Volume 19. p.838-842. <http://ijsa.rsmjournals.com/cgi/content/full/19/12/838>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[10]. "Syphilis Screening and Intervention in 500,000 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China." British Medical Journal. 2007. p.83, 247-250. <http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/5/347>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[10]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Cai, Y M, Cheng, J Q, Hong, F C, Pan, P, Zhang, D, Zhang, Y J</ins>."Syphilis Screening and Intervention in 500,000 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China." British Medical Journal. 2007. p.83, 247-250. <http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/5/347>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[11]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[11]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Nzenatyhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47662&oldid=prevNzenaty: /* Why this Disease is a Problem in China */2009-08-28T17:04:44Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Why this Disease is a Problem in China</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The current testing guidelines also lack behavioral risk assessment as a factor in detecting sexually transmitted diseases. In the aforementioned survey, women were less likely to disclose risk behaviors due to fear of stigma associated with sexual behaviors [9]. The shame associated with revealing such behaviors lowers the chance of discovering risk behaviors that would indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted disease.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The current testing guidelines also lack behavioral risk assessment as a factor in detecting sexually transmitted diseases. In the aforementioned survey, women were less likely to disclose risk behaviors due to fear of stigma associated with sexual behaviors [9]. The shame associated with revealing such behaviors lowers the chance of discovering risk behaviors that would indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted disease.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Congenital syphilis is another major problem among pregnant women in China. In one particular area, Shenzhen, China, syphilis cases began to reappear in 1983, after having been nearly extinguished in the 1960’s. From 1996 to 2001, the number of congenital syphilis cases had risen from one to 36 reported cases. In a study in Shenzhen that screened and treated pregnant women for congenital syphilis, most of the infected pregnant women fit into specific demographics. The majority were young, had poor educational backgrounds, tended to migrate frequently, and usually worked in the commercial or service industries or were unemployed. Their lack of knowledge of STD’s, in addition to their lack of communication with the healthcare system placed these women at high risk for congenital syphilis. In the study, 63% of mothers who had transmitted congenital syphilis had never had prenatal examinations before childbirth. Also, the fact that many of these women migrated so often lowered the chances that women would return to clinics for follow-ups, a major factor in preventing congenital syphilis and the transmission of the disease from mother to child. [10]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Congenital syphilis is another major problem among pregnant women in China. In one particular area, Shenzhen, China, syphilis cases began to reappear in 1983, after having been nearly extinguished in the 1960’s. From 1996 to 2001, the number of congenital syphilis cases had risen from one to 36 reported cases. In a study in Shenzhen that screened and treated pregnant women for congenital syphilis, most of the infected pregnant women fit into specific demographics. The majority were young, had poor educational backgrounds, tended to migrate frequently, and usually worked in the commercial or service industries or were unemployed. Their lack of knowledge of STD’s, in addition to their lack of communication with the healthcare system<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>placed these women at high risk for congenital syphilis. In the study, 63% of mothers who had transmitted congenital syphilis had never had prenatal examinations before childbirth. Also, the fact that many of these women migrated so often lowered the chances that women would return to clinics for follow-ups, a major factor in preventing congenital syphilis and the transmission of the disease from mother to child. [10]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==What is Being Done to Address this Problem==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==What is Being Done to Address this Problem==</div></td></tr>
</table>Nzenatyhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47203&oldid=prevAprender: /* What is Being Done to Address this Problem */2009-08-28T07:28:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">What is Being Done to Address this Problem</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the Laws of the People’s Republic of China there is a law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Syphilis, AIDS,and other diseases such as gonorrhea are placed under the same group- Class B [12]. Under this law there are chapters on prevention and control. Under the chapter of prevention, Article 11 states: “Medical care and health institutions at various levels and of different types shall set up preventive health organizations or assign personnel to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the management of the epidemic situation in their respective units or in the communities for which they are responsible” [12] . As for Chapter IV including control, under Article 24 it says “For patients of B Class infectious diseases other than AIDS… necessary treatment and control measures shall be taken according to the patients' conditions” [12]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the Laws of the People’s Republic of China there is a law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Syphilis, AIDS,and other diseases such as gonorrhea are placed under the same group- Class B [12]. Under this law there are chapters on prevention and control. Under the chapter of prevention, Article 11 states: “Medical care and health institutions at various levels and of different types shall set up preventive health organizations or assign personnel to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the management of the epidemic situation in their respective units or in the communities for which they are responsible” [12] . As for Chapter IV including control, under Article 24 it says “For patients of B Class infectious diseases other than AIDS… necessary treatment and control measures shall be taken according to the patients' conditions” [12]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the past (up until October 2003) screening for syphilis was included in a compulsory premarital examinationwhich had to be completed before marriage; since it has become voluntary and the rates for people screened dropped dramatically [8]. However, seeing how important it is one province Heilongjiang has re-introduced it as mandatory, with other provinces possibly following. Another program that was implemented recently in more rural areas includes 100% Condom Use. These were tested in the provinces: Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces, all of which showed reduction of syphilis prevalance in female sex workers – whom have sexual contact with many different men [8]. Worth mentioning is the use of tufuling or Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae a home remedy which is used in China to treat syphilis (dating as far back to 5th century A.D.), how it treats the disease is not known [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">N</del>]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the past (up until October 2003) screening for syphilis was included in a compulsory premarital examinationwhich had to be completed before marriage; since it has become voluntary and the rates for people screened dropped dramatically [8]. However, seeing how important it is one province Heilongjiang has re-introduced it as mandatory, with other provinces possibly following. Another program that was implemented recently in more rural areas includes 100% Condom Use. These were tested in the provinces: Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces, all of which showed reduction of syphilis prevalance in female sex workers – whom have sexual contact with many different men [8]. Worth mentioning is the use of tufuling or Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae a home remedy which is used in China to treat syphilis (dating as far back to 5th century A.D.), how it treats the disease is not known [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">13</ins>]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Mryon S. Cohen, who has worked in China since 1979, worked in collaboration with Dr. Xiang-Sheng Chen from the National Center for STD Control in Nanjing to compile a report on the Syphilis resurgence. The compiled report provides data to let the government know where to allocate their resources. As a result, a “China Syphilis Working Group” has formed, working with the UNC, China's National Center for STD Control, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Center for Disease Control and the London School of Hygiene [1].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Mryon S. Cohen, who has worked in China since 1979, worked in collaboration with Dr. Xiang-Sheng Chen from the National Center for STD Control in Nanjing to compile a report on the Syphilis resurgence. The compiled report provides data to let the government know where to allocate their resources. As a result, a “China Syphilis Working Group” has formed, working with the UNC, China's National Center for STD Control, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Center for Disease Control and the London School of Hygiene [1].</div></td></tr>
</table>Aprenderhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47200&oldid=prevAprender: /* References */2009-08-28T07:27:43Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[11]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[11]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">M</del>]. "Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases." Laws of the People's Republic of China . 01 SEP 1989. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.asianlii.org/cn/legis/cen/laws/patoid454/>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">12</ins>]. "Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases." Laws of the People's Republic of China . 01 SEP 1989. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.asianlii.org/cn/legis/cen/laws/patoid454/>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">N</del>]. "Treatment of Syphilis with Tufuling." Leung's Chinese Herb News. 30 AUG 2007. 26 Aug 2009 <http://leungschineseherbnews.blogspot.com/2007/08/treatment-of-syphilis-with-tufuling.html>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">13</ins>]. "Treatment of Syphilis with Tufuling." Leung's Chinese Herb News. 30 AUG 2007. 26 Aug 2009 <http://leungschineseherbnews.blogspot.com/2007/08/treatment-of-syphilis-with-tufuling.html>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>IMAGES:</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>IMAGES:</div></td></tr>
</table>Aprenderhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47197&oldid=prevAprender: /* What is Being Done to Address this Problem */2009-08-28T07:26:39Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">What is Being Done to Address this Problem</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:26, 28 August 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l82">Line 82:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention in China focuses mainly on prevention and spread of HIV and AIDS [11]. Many of their funds and focus are towards controling the spread of the disease and taking precautionary measures to avoid contracting it in the first place. While STD’s are lumped along with it, infectious diseases including syphilis are over shadowed by the mass attention given to HIV and AIDS; this is not to negate the fact that some attention has been given to the disease. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention in China focuses mainly on prevention and spread of HIV and AIDS [11]. Many of their funds and focus are towards controling the spread of the disease and taking precautionary measures to avoid contracting it in the first place. While STD’s are lumped along with it, infectious diseases including syphilis are over shadowed by the mass attention given to HIV and AIDS; this is not to negate the fact that some attention has been given to the disease. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the Laws of the People’s Republic of China there is a law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Syphilis, AIDS,and other diseases such as gonorrhea are placed under the same group- Class B [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">M</del>]. Under this law there are chapters on prevention and control. Under the chapter of prevention, Article 11 states: “Medical care and health institutions at various levels and of different types shall set up preventive health organizations or assign personnel to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the management of the epidemic situation in their respective units or in the communities for which they are responsible” [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">M</del>] . As for Chapter IV including control, under Article 24 it says “For patients of B Class infectious diseases other than AIDS… necessary treatment and control measures shall be taken according to the patients' conditions” [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">M</del>]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the Laws of the People’s Republic of China there is a law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Syphilis, AIDS,and other diseases such as gonorrhea are placed under the same group- Class B [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">12</ins>]. Under this law there are chapters on prevention and control. Under the chapter of prevention, Article 11 states: “Medical care and health institutions at various levels and of different types shall set up preventive health organizations or assign personnel to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the management of the epidemic situation in their respective units or in the communities for which they are responsible” [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">12</ins>] . As for Chapter IV including control, under Article 24 it says “For patients of B Class infectious diseases other than AIDS… necessary treatment and control measures shall be taken according to the patients' conditions” [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">12</ins>]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the past (up until October 2003) screening for syphilis was included in a compulsory premarital examinationwhich had to be completed before marriage; since it has become voluntary and the rates for people screened dropped dramatically [8]. However, seeing how important it is one province Heilongjiang has re-introduced it as mandatory, with other provinces possibly following. Another program that was implemented recently in more rural areas includes 100% Condom Use. These were tested in the provinces: Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces, all of which showed reduction of syphilis prevalance in female sex workers – whom have sexual contact with many different men [8]. Worth mentioning is the use of tufuling or Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae a home remedy which is used in China to treat syphilis (dating as far back to 5th century A.D.), how it treats the disease is not known [N]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the past (up until October 2003) screening for syphilis was included in a compulsory premarital examinationwhich had to be completed before marriage; since it has become voluntary and the rates for people screened dropped dramatically [8]. However, seeing how important it is one province Heilongjiang has re-introduced it as mandatory, with other provinces possibly following. Another program that was implemented recently in more rural areas includes 100% Condom Use. These were tested in the provinces: Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces, all of which showed reduction of syphilis prevalance in female sex workers – whom have sexual contact with many different men [8]. Worth mentioning is the use of tufuling or Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae a home remedy which is used in China to treat syphilis (dating as far back to 5th century A.D.), how it treats the disease is not known [N]. </div></td></tr>
</table>Aprenderhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47195&oldid=prevAprender: /* References */2009-08-28T07:25:53Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:25, 28 August 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l136">Line 136:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[10]. "Syphilis Screening and Intervention in 500,000 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China." British Medical Journal. 2007. p.83, 247-250. <http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/5/347>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[10]. "Syphilis Screening and Intervention in 500,000 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China." British Medical Journal. 2007. p.83, 247-250. <http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/5/347>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L</del>]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11</ins>]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[M]. "Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases." Laws of the People's Republic of China . 01 SEP 1989. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.asianlii.org/cn/legis/cen/laws/patoid454/>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[M]. "Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases." Laws of the People's Republic of China . 01 SEP 1989. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.asianlii.org/cn/legis/cen/laws/patoid454/>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Aprenderhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47194&oldid=prevAprender: /* What is Being Done to Address this Problem */2009-08-28T07:24:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">What is Being Done to Address this Problem</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:24, 28 August 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==What is Being Done to Address this Problem==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==What is Being Done to Address this Problem==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention in China focuses mainly on prevention and spread of HIV and AIDS [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L</del>]. Many of their funds and focus are towards controling the spread of the disease and taking precautionary measures to avoid contracting it in the first place. While STD’s are lumped along with it, infectious diseases including syphilis are over shadowed by the mass attention given to HIV and AIDS; this is not to negate the fact that some attention has been given to the disease. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention in China focuses mainly on prevention and spread of HIV and AIDS [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11</ins>]. Many of their funds and focus are towards controling the spread of the disease and taking precautionary measures to avoid contracting it in the first place. While STD’s are lumped along with it, infectious diseases including syphilis are over shadowed by the mass attention given to HIV and AIDS; this is not to negate the fact that some attention has been given to the disease. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the Laws of the People’s Republic of China there is a law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Syphilis, AIDS,and other diseases such as gonorrhea are placed under the same group- Class B [M]. Under this law there are chapters on prevention and control. Under the chapter of prevention, Article 11 states: “Medical care and health institutions at various levels and of different types shall set up preventive health organizations or assign personnel to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the management of the epidemic situation in their respective units or in the communities for which they are responsible” [M] . As for Chapter IV including control, under Article 24 it says “For patients of B Class infectious diseases other than AIDS… necessary treatment and control measures shall be taken according to the patients' conditions” [M]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the Laws of the People’s Republic of China there is a law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Syphilis, AIDS,and other diseases such as gonorrhea are placed under the same group- Class B [M]. Under this law there are chapters on prevention and control. Under the chapter of prevention, Article 11 states: “Medical care and health institutions at various levels and of different types shall set up preventive health organizations or assign personnel to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the management of the epidemic situation in their respective units or in the communities for which they are responsible” [M] . As for Chapter IV including control, under Article 24 it says “For patients of B Class infectious diseases other than AIDS… necessary treatment and control measures shall be taken according to the patients' conditions” [M]. </div></td></tr>
</table>Aprenderhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47191&oldid=prevAprender: /* References */2009-08-28T07:23:29Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:23, 28 August 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[9]. "Improving Strategies for Syphilis Control in China: Selective Testing of Sexually Transmitted Disease Patients- Too Little, Too Late?". International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008. Volume 19. p.838-842. <http://ijsa.rsmjournals.com/cgi/content/full/19/12/838>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[9]. "Improving Strategies for Syphilis Control in China: Selective Testing of Sexually Transmitted Disease Patients- Too Little, Too Late?". International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008. Volume 19. p.838-842. <http://ijsa.rsmjournals.com/cgi/content/full/19/12/838>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B</del>]. "Syphilis Screening and Intervention in 500,000 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China." British Medical Journal. 2007. p.83, 247-250. <http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/5/347>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</ins>]. "Syphilis Screening and Intervention in 500,000 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China." British Medical Journal. 2007. p.83, 247-250. <http://sti.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/5/347>. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[L]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[L]. "A Brief Introduction to the National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, China CDC." National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC. NCAIDS. 26 Aug 2009 <http://www.chinaids.org.cn/n443289/n443290/n447111/index.html>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Aprenderhttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Syphilis_in_China&diff=47186&oldid=prevAprender: /* What is Being Done to Address this Problem */2009-08-28T07:22:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">What is Being Done to Address this Problem</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:22, 28 August 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Mryon S. Cohen, who has worked in China since 1979, worked in collaboration with Dr. Xiang-Sheng Chen from the National Center for STD Control in Nanjing to compile a report on the Syphilis resurgence. The compiled report provides data to let the government know where to allocate their resources. As a result, a “China Syphilis Working Group” has formed, working with the UNC, China's National Center for STD Control, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Center for Disease Control and the London School of Hygiene [1].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Mryon S. Cohen, who has worked in China since 1979, worked in collaboration with Dr. Xiang-Sheng Chen from the National Center for STD Control in Nanjing to compile a report on the Syphilis resurgence. The compiled report provides data to let the government know where to allocate their resources. As a result, a “China Syphilis Working Group” has formed, working with the UNC, China's National Center for STD Control, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Center for Disease Control and the London School of Hygiene [1].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In July 2002, a three-year program was introduced to 61 hospitals in Shenzhen that focused on the free screening and treatment of pregnant women for syphilis. The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SZCDC), conducted primary screenings using toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST), then retested the positive results using the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test. Women that tested positive were treated, and their babies were tested for congenital syphilis using the 19S-IgM FTA-Abs test<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B</del>]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In July 2002, a three-year program was introduced to 61 hospitals in Shenzhen that focused on the free screening and treatment of pregnant women for syphilis. The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SZCDC), conducted primary screenings using toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST), then retested the positive results using the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test. Women that tested positive were treated, and their babies were tested for congenital syphilis using the 19S-IgM FTA-Abs test [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The program managed the positive cases in accordance with China’s Diagnostic Criteria and Management of Syphilis guidelines as well as the US Center for Disease Control Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Congenital Syphilis. The women that decided to terminate their pregnancies were treated with penicillin or azithromycin. Women that continued with their pregnancies were treated with benzathine benzylpenicillin or erythromycin<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B</del>]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The program managed the positive cases in accordance with China’s Diagnostic Criteria and Management of Syphilis guidelines as well as the US Center for Disease Control Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Congenital Syphilis. The women that decided to terminate their pregnancies were treated with penicillin or azithromycin. Women that continued with their pregnancies were treated with benzathine benzylpenicillin or erythromycin [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Of the women who received intervention treatment for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the disease, 99.1% of potential cases were successfully prevented. By the time the program had finished, the average incidence rate of congenital syphilis cases was less than half that when the program started. The program relied partially on the political and financial support from the local government, which funded the free screening, treatment and follow-ups. The screening instruments and treatment medicines were effective and inexpensive<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B</del>]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Of the women who received intervention treatment for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of the disease, 99.1% of potential cases were successfully prevented. By the time the program had finished, the average incidence rate of congenital syphilis cases was less than half that when the program started. The program relied partially on the political and financial support from the local government, which funded the free screening, treatment and follow-ups. The screening instruments and treatment medicines were effective and inexpensive [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==What Else Could be Done to Address this Problem==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==What Else Could be Done to Address this Problem==</div></td></tr>
</table>Aprender