The Temperature Relationship of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: Difference between revisions

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<br>Amphibian species around the world are experiencing unprecedented population decline due to the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the chytrid fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd).<ref name=Weldon2004>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323396/ Weldon et al. 2004. Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10(12):2100-2105]</ref> The chytrid pathogen is considered an emerging infectious disease because it was discovered and described only in the last twenty years, and has continued to spread globally causing devastating effects.<ref name=Piotrowski2004>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148822/ Piotrowski et al. 2004. Physiology of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Chytrid Pathogen of Amphibians. Mycologia. 96:9-15]</ref> <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> has been documented in hundreds of amphibian species, and reports of infection in new species and geographic locations continue to accumulate rapidly.<ref name=Rosenblum2010>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813266/ Rosenblum et al. 2010. The Deadly Chytrid Fungus: A Story of an Emerging Pathogen. PLoS Pathogens. 6(1):e1000550]</ref><br>
<br>Amphibian species around the world are experiencing unprecedented population decline due to the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the chytrid fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd).<ref name=Weldon2004>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323396/ Weldon et al. 2004. Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10(12):2100-2105]</ref> The chytrid pathogen is considered an emerging infectious disease because it was discovered and described only in the last twenty years, and has continued to spread globally causing devastating effects.<ref name=Piotrowski2004>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148822/ Piotrowski et al. 2004. Physiology of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Chytrid Pathogen of Amphibians. Mycologia. 96:9-15]</ref> <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> has been documented in hundreds of amphibian species, and reports of infection in new species and geographic locations continue to accumulate rapidly.<ref name=Rosenblum2010>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813266/ Rosenblum et al. 2010. The Deadly Chytrid Fungus: A Story of an Emerging Pathogen. PLoS Pathogens. 6(1):e1000550]</ref><br>
==Effect on Amphibians==


===Effect of Temperature===


==Phylogeny==
==Phylogeny==
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<br><b>Genus:</b> <i>Batrachochytrium</i>
<br><b>Genus:</b> <i>Batrachochytrium</i>
<br><b>Species:</b> <i>B. dendrobatidis</i>
<br><b>Species:</b> <i>B. dendrobatidis</i>
==Effect on Amphibians==
===Effect of Temperature===


==Life Cycle==
==Life Cycle==

Revision as of 22:49, 29 April 2020

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Introduction

Composite line drawing of a longitudinal section of a Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis zoospore.[1]


By [Eva Brazer]


Amphibian species around the world are experiencing unprecedented population decline due to the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd).[2] The chytrid pathogen is considered an emerging infectious disease because it was discovered and described only in the last twenty years, and has continued to spread globally causing devastating effects.[3] Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been documented in hundreds of amphibian species, and reports of infection in new species and geographic locations continue to accumulate rapidly.[4]


Phylogeny

Phylogeny and classification of the genus Batrachochytrium. Cladogram showing the taxonomic position of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans within the fungal kingdom (a), the phylum Chytridiomycota (b) and order of the Rhizophydiales (c). [5]


Scientific classification

Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Chytridiomycota
Class: Chytridiomycetes
Order: Rhizophydiales
Genus: Batrachochytrium
Species: B. dendrobatidis


Effect on Amphibians

Effect of Temperature

Life Cycle

Life cycle of the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. [4]


Effect of Temperature

Geographic Distribution

Geographic distribution of Batrachochytrium species, Bd and Bsal[6]


Genotypes of Bd isolated from infected amphibians in the international trade and phylogenetically linked genotypes from segregated geographic localities.[7]


Effect of Temperature

Climate Change

Conclusion

References

  1. ↑ Berger et al. 2005. Life cycle stages of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Inter-Research. 68:52-63
  2. ↑ Weldon et al. 2004. Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10(12):2100-2105
  3. ↑ Piotrowski et al. 2004. Physiology of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Chytrid Pathogen of Amphibians. Mycologia. 96:9-15
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rosenblum et al. 2010. The Deadly Chytrid Fungus: A Story of an Emerging Pathogen. PLoS Pathogens. 6(1):e1000550
  5. ↑ Rooij et al. 2015. Amphibian chytridiomycosis: A review with focus on fungus-host interactions. Veterinary Research. 46(1):137.
  6. ↑ Bower et al. 2017. Amphibians on the brink: Preemptive policies can protect amphibians from devastating fungal diseases. Science. 357:454-455
  7. ↑ O’Hanlon et al. 2018. Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines. Science. 360:621-627



Authored for BIOL 238 Microbiology, taught by Joan Slonczewski, 2018, Kenyon College.

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